Download Changes in Species

BSCS
Unit 4, Chapter 19
Changes in Species
1. Study the photo on p. 498 of Archaeopteryx. Go to
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/birds/archaeo
pteryx.html
and read about this earliest example of a flying dinosaur.
Give examples that it is a bird AND a reptile. Cite
examples in today’s birds that might indicate their links
to dinosaurs.
2. What are the evidences that evolution occurs and has
occurred?
3. Define paleontology. How is it used in our study of
biology?
4. Read Biological Challenge on p. 502. You will have an
article to read about this in your assignments section.
5. What is extinction? What are the causative factors?
Give examples.
6. Explain the concept of coevolution. Study Figure
19.6. Read the caption and explain how natural
selection worked in these cases.
7. What does the statement “Nothing in biology makes
sense except on the light of evolution” mean to you?
8. What are pseudogenes?
9. Study the diagram below and explain it.
10. What is the significance of a nearly university
genetic code with respect to evolution?
11. Define speciation.
12. What are the causative factors of speciation? What
are isolating mechanisms?
13. Explain adaptive radiation.
14. The diagram on the following pages are of the beaks
of the finches on the Galapagos Islands. There were
actually 13 examined by Darwin. Explain this as an
example of adaptive radiation, how and why there are so
many different types and where these different finches
live.
15. What is evolutionary stasis? Give an example.
16. Read the Biological Challenge on p. 512 about mass
extinctions. In the diagram below are the 5 major mass
extinctions of Earth’s history. Study the diagram, then
answer the question below it.
What percentage of organisms were wiped out in the Ordivician period?
In the Cretaceous? What major group was wiped out about 65 mya?
17. Read Focus On p. 513. How does the fossil record provide
evidence of the rate of evolutionary change? What is the
significance of “living fossils?”
18. Read Theory on p. 514. The two evolutionary patterns of
evolution are gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. After you
understand the mechanisms for each, give your reasons for
choosing one pattern over another.
19. The following diagrams are representative of “vestigial
structures.” After viewing them, how would you define this
expression?