Download ELECTRON CLOUD MODEL

VOCABULARY OF ATOMS:
1. ATOMS – THE BUILDING
BLOCKS OF THE UNIVERSE,
MOST BASIC UNIT OF
MATTER
2. ELEMENTS – ATOMS WITH
UNIQUE PROPERTIES,
CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN
3. ELECTRONS – NEGATIVELY
CHARGED SUBATOMIC
PARTICLE
4. PROTONS – POSITIVELY
CHARGED SUBATOMIC PARTICLE
FOUND IN THE NUCLEUS OF THE
ATOM
5. NEUTRON – NEUTRAL
SUBATOMIC PARTICLE FOUND IN
THE NUCLEUS OF THE ATOM,
ABOUT THE SIZE MASS AS (+) BUT
NO CHARGE, TO FIND SUBTRACT
MASS FROM ATOMIC #
6. NUCLEUS – CENTER OF THE
ATOM, CONTAINS MOST OF THE
7. ATOMIC NUMBER - # OF (-), # OF (+),
SAME NUMBER
8. ISOTOPE – ATOM OF THE SAME
ELEMENT WITH A DIFFERENT # OF
NEUTRONS THEN THE ATOMIC #
9. MASS NUMBER – TOTAL NUMBER OF
PROTONS AND NEUTRONS
10.ATOMIC MASS UNIT – DESCRIBES THE
ATOM’S MASS, PUT A 1 OVER 12 FOR
AN ISOTOPE, i.e. CARBON-12 HAS AN
AMU OF 1/12
What Is the Difference Between Atomic
Mass and Mass Number?
MASS NUMBER IS THE COUNT OF PROTONS AND
NEUTRONS
ATOMIC MASS UNIT IS THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PROTONS,
NEUTRONS AND ELECTRONS IN THE ATOM, OR THE
AVERAGE MASS IN A GROUP OF ATOMS, ALSO KNOWN AS
ATOMIC WEIGHT (SINCE WEIGHT AND MASS ARE THE
SAME ON EARTH)
Sir J.J. Thomson’s Model – British Scientist, 1897
Experiment – sent high voltage of electricity through a vacuum
tube and it glowed green
Data – the rays bent towards a positively charged plate
Inferred – the electrical beam must be negatively charged and it
was attracted to the (+) metal plate.
Ernest Rutherford’s Atomic Model – Thomas’s
student, 1909
Planetary model – Peach Pit Model
Experiment –aim a (+) charged beam at a gold foil surrounded by a detection
screen
Data- most particles passed through, some particles reflected off
Analyzing Data – some particles must be larger then a single proton from
Thomson’s model
Conclusion – the atom must have a nucleus and it has a (+) charge
Neil Bohr’s Atomic Model – Planetary Model
WHILE STUDYING
RUTHFORD’S PLANETARY
MODEL, HE THEORIZED:
1. ELECTRON ORBIT
AROUND NUCLEUS
2. ELECTRONS CAN JUMP
IN AND OUT OF LAYERS
3. WHEN THEY JUMP
THEY GIVE OFF ENERGY
Erwin Schrodinger and
Werner Heisenberg
1926
Scientists described
the electron region of
the atom as a cloud
around the nucleus.
This cloud area shows
that electrons do not
orbit the nucleus in
definite paths, but are
likely to be in a given
region at any
particular time.
‘Modern Electron
ELECTRON CLOUD MODEL
James Chadwick
•1932
•Worked with E. Rutherford in
the discovery of a third subatomic particle.
•He concluded this particle to
be free of electrical charge and
he called it the ‘neutron.’
•Concluded it was located in
the nucleus along with the
protons.
Today’s newest memebers:
Quarks and Leptons
Quarks combine to
form protons and
neutrons, the
components of
atomic nuclei.
Leptons:
The other type of matter particles are the leptons.
There are six leptons, three of which have electrical
charge and three of which do not.
Hydrons
– the 3
sets of
quarks,
up and
down
form
the
world
around
us.
IONS = charged atoms
SAME