Download Topic:_______EGYPT-Section 1

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Teacher: _____
Topic:_______EGYPT-Section 1-_______
Class/Period_______
Date:____/____/
“Geography and Early Egypt”(88)
Nile River
Longest river in the world
cataracts (89)
rapids
*delta (89)
a triangle shaped area of land made from soil deposited
from a river.>2/3 of Egypt farmland.
*Upper Egypt
Lower Egypt
bottom
top (because river runs south to north!!!)
*Mesopotamia
Egypt
needed basins of stored water for irrigation
No basins/ used canals to redirect water
*Natural barriers
A) deserts to the west
B) Mediterranean sea to the north
C) desert + Red Sea
D) Nile cataracts (rapids) to the south
*Mene’s accomplishments
Pharaoh (91)
dynasty (91)
1) unify Upper/Lower Egypt
2) first Pharaoh
rulers of Egypt.---“great house”
series of rulers from the same family
*Unification of Egypt
*double crown (red/white)
>Summary
>
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Teacher:
Class/Period: ________
Date:____/____/ _______
Old Kingdom
century
*Old Kingdom
Topic;___EGYPT-Section 2 (93)
*Pharoah
both king and god
sent to manage Egypt for the other gods
absolute power over all land/people
*People
blamed Pharoah…why?
demanded Pharoah…what?
“The Old Kingdom”
third dynasty
100 years
500 years, 2700 B.C.-2200 A.D.
1) bringing disease
2) crops did not grow
1) prevent wars
2) make trade profitable $$$
*1) Pharoah
2) Nobles
3) Scribes/Craftspeople
4) Farmers/Servant/Slave
Ruled Egypt as god
Officials/priests help run gov./temples
Wrote/produced goods
Most people in this category
Khufu
Egyptian population
*Cause><Effect
Why?...
most famous pharaoh
2 million people
growing population = social classes
a well ordered society keeps kingdom strong***********
nobles (94)
*Large Lower Class
advantage
disadvantage
>Summary
Which social class would
you prefer to belong to?
people from rich or powerful families
80% = lower class (farmer/slave/servant)
+plenty of food and labor
-possible rebellion against king
>
I would prefer to be apart of the…
because
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Teacher: _____
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*Re / Amon Re
Osiris
Isis
Horus
Thoth
Geb
polytheism
*Who would a scribe have
prayed to?
*after life (96)
*ka (96)
Topic;___EGYPT-Section 2
“The Old Kingdom”
Sun god
god of underworld
god of magic
sky god, god of pharaohs (has head of a bird)
god of wisdom
earth god
worship of more than one god
god of wisdom / Thoth
life after death
an ideal world where everyone is young / happy
1) a person’s life force
2) leaves the body as a spirit after death
3) remains linked to the body & can not leave burial site
4) has all the same living needs (eat,sleep,fun)
(this is why they filled the tombs w/clothing, tools, jewelry
weapons, and food)
*the body
had to be preserved
if decayed, it’s spirit could not recognize it
the ka would not be able to receive food/drink
mummies (96)
*--embalming
specially treated bodies wrapped in cloth
>>preserves a dead body for many years!
1) open body, remove organs….except heart!
2) organs stored in jars
3) wrapped dried body in bandages
4) place in coffin (sarcophagus)
>
>Summary
Name:___________________ Topic;___EGYPT-Section 2
Teacher:
Class/Period: ___
“The Old Kingdom”
Date:____/____/ ______
How pyramids were built?
*largest pyramid (2 million limestone blocks!-WOW)
the application of scientific knowledge for practical
purposes. (Using science to build stuff-COOL!)
were paid
100,000
scientists not exactly sure! Whoa!
-how did they move the huge blocks?
…symbolizes Pharoah’s journey to afterlife
People believed their own fate in the afterlife depended
on the Pharoah’s afterlife.
Pyramid texts (199)
pyramids (98)
*…
*Pyramid points to the sky
Why did the Egyptians want
magic spells / songs on Pharoah’s tomb.
(People say the tombs are haunted…could this be why
The Egyptians want the pyramids to be spectacular?
Name:___________________
Teacher:
Class/Period
Date:____/____/_______
Middle Kingdom
Cause><Effect
160 years
Middle Kingdom
HYKSOS
New Kingdom
Topic;___EGYPT-Section 3
“THE MIDDLE & NEW KINGDOM”
wealth/power of pharaohs declined (goes down)
*Nobles begin to challenge pharaohs
Nobles come to power><Old Kingdom falls
no central ruler
a pharaoh defeats his rivals 1750 BC
conquered Lower Egypt=200 years
Egyptians fight back…and WINS!
Ahmose of Thebes declares himself king of Egypt.
NEW KINGDOM
the point at which Egypt reached the height of its
power and glory 1550-1050 BC
1) Hyksos invaded Egypt
2) Egypt kicks Hyksos out
3) Egypt takes control of invasion routes out of FEAR
of being invaded again.
4) This turns Egypt into an Empire
TRADE
Conquest (taking over other countries) brought
Egyptian traders into contact w/ more distant lands.
trade routes
Queen Hatshepsut
paths, followed by traders
ruler who increased+ Egyptian trade
>used $$$ from trade to build:
-arts –architecture –temples –monuments
>Summary
>
Name:___________________
Teacher: _____
Topic;___EGYPT-Section 3
Class/Period: __
Date:____/____/______
“THE MIDDLE & NEW KINGDOM”
What weakened the new
fighting on several fronts/sides, including invasions
kingdom?
of the Hittites & the Sea People.
The New Kingdom was the peak of Egyptian trade
& military power, BUT their greatness did not last.
population grows so….
people take on different jobs
What kinds of writing did
scribes do..
kept records, accounts for the state, copied religious
& literary texts
Why did the pharaoh value
talented---architect?
Having well-designed pyramids & temples made
pharaoh POWERFUL, and according to Egyptian
religion, ensured a happy afterlife.
What special challenge faced
artists who painted a
pharoah’s burial chamber?
No natural light reached the burial chamber, so
artists had to work by torchlight /candle
Who made up the lower class
and the majority
farmers & peasants
How did some people become convicted criminals or prisoners captured in war
enslaved in Egypt.
Women
Had rights
1) could divorce their husbands
2) own property
3) make contracts (legal agreement)
4) become priestesses
>Summary
>
Name:___________________
Teacher:
Topic;___EGYPT-Section 4
Class/Period: __
Date:____/____/_______
“Egyptian Achievements”
www.guardians.net/egypt/hieroglyphs/hiero-translator.ht
Hieroglyphics
Egyptian writing system (3300 BC)
What did each symbol in the
One or more sounds in Egyptian language
hieroglyphic system represent -600 symbols
?
-could be written left to right / right to left
horizontally or vertically
papyrus
advantage>
advantage
long lasting, paper-like material made from reeds
-made by pressing layers of reeds together &
pounding them into sheets
-easy to roll into scrolls, durable (tough)
-made of readily available material
-scribes wrote on papyrus w/brushes & ink
Rosetta Stone
Cause
Effect
a huge stone slab inscribed w/ hieroglyphics
>it also included Greek
<allowing scholars who could read Greek, to figure
out what the hieroglyphics said! Finally!
Egypt Temples
Why do people visit?
homes of the gods.
1) to worship 2) offer gifts to gods 3) ask favors
sphinxes
imaginary creatures w/bodies of lions & heads of
animals or humans
obelisk
Why is it pointing up?
sanctuary
a tall four sided pillar that is pointed on top
-leading the way to the afterlife
most sacred part of the temple
4 common subjects of
Egyptian
paintings
Important people
seen from the side
shown straight on
Why was the discovery of
King Tut’s tomb important?
1) crowning of kings
2) founding of temples
3) religious rituals 4) scenes of everyday life
>appear bigger (Pharoahs)
heads and legs
upper bodies
It had never been disturbed by tomb robbers