Download Section 19.1 Air Pressure and Wind

espe-0500rs
11/1/01
11:38 AM
Page 64
Name
Date
Section 19.1
Air Pressure and Wind
KEY IDEAS
Air pressure is the force
of air molecules exerted
on a given area.
Before you read:
Recall what you learned about temperature and humidity in Chapters 17
and 18. How might this information affect air pressure and wind? List any
ideas you have in your science notebook.
While you read:
Complete the organizer to clarify your understanding of the factors that
affect air pressure. In each box, explain how a change in the factor affects
air pressure.
Air
Pressure
Changes in temperature
and humidity change
the air pressure.
KEY VOCABULARY
• air pressure
• isobar
• high-pressure
area (high)
• low-pressure
area (low)
• pressure gradient
2. Temperature
1. Elevation
Increasing elevation leads to
_______________ air pressure.
Decreasing temperature
leads to ___________________
air pressure.
3. Humidity
Increasing humidity leads to
After you read:
Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.
Chapter 19
Reading Study Guide
_______________ air pressure.
1 Define air pressure. Then describe the likely weather in both high- and
●
low-pressure conditions.
2 Name and describe a way to measure air pressure.
●
64
Section 19.1
Earth Science
espe-0500rs
11/1/01
11:38 AM
Page 65
Name
Date
Section 19.2
Factors Affecting Winds
KEY IDEAS
Before you read:
Read the key ideas, recalling your knowledge of pressure gradient and
isobars from Section 19.1. Then write down any questions you have about
the factors affecting winds. Leave space to note answers.
While you read:
To summarize some key ideas from the section, list ways that the Coriolis
effect and friction affect wind.
Coriolis effect
Wind direction depends
upon the Coriolis effect,
the pressure gradient,
and friction.
Earth’s rotation causes
the Coriolis effect.
KEY VOCABULARY
• Coriolis effect
• jet stream
Friction
a)
a)
b)
b)
c)
Chapter 19
Reading Study Guide
Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.
c)
d)
After you read:
1 Define the jet stream and explain the effect friction has on it.
●
2 Return to your organizer and make changes or additions. Then try to
●
answer the questions in your science notebook with information from
the section.
Earth Science
Section 19.2
65
espe-0500rs
11/1/01
11:38 AM
Page 66
Name
Date
Section 19.3
Global Wind Patterns
KEY IDEAS
Before you read:
With a partner, restate your understanding of the Coriolis effect and
review the way air typically moves as it heats and cools. Recall what
happens to air pressure as temperature rises and falls.
While you read:
1 Explain how warm and cool air circulate through the cells of the three●
celled circulation model. Discuss how the Coriolis effect changes the
direction of the air as it circulates.
2 In your science notebook, restate the main idea or ideas of each titled
●
subsection.
Both Earth’s rotation
and the uneven heating
of Earth by the sun
affect wind patterns.
The three-celled
circulation model helps
to explain prevailing
winds and pressure
regions.
KEY VOCABULARY
• polar front
• middle latitudes
(mid-latitudes)
• intertropical
convergence zone
(ITCZ)
• trade winds
• prevailing winds
After you read:
Global wind patterns create somewhat predictable conditions at different
places on Earth. List the likely conditions in each latitude zone.
Air
temperature
Air
pressure
Surface wind
direction & strength
2. 30°–60°
Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.
Chapter 19
Reading Study Guide
1. 0º–30º
3. 60°–90°
4. 90°
66
Section 19.3
Earth Science
espe-0500rs
11/1/01
11:38 AM
Page 67
Name
Date
Section 19.4
Continental and Local Winds
After reading the key idea, review information from Section 19.3. Recalling
the prevailing global wind patterns will help you understand
the variations discussed in this section.
Seasons, land masses,
and topography cause
winds to vary from the
global patterns depicted
in the three-celled
model.
While you read:
KEY VOCABULARY
Under each label, describe the change of direction and temperature
of the air as time passes.
• monsoon
Before you read:
2. Land-breeze circulation
Chapter 19
Reading Study Guide
1. Sea-breeze circulation
Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.
KEY IDEA
After you read:
Describe monsoon winds and explain how the effects of both the seasons
and the continents combine to create these winds.
Earth Science
Section 19.4
67