Download The Border War 1854 -1865

The Cost of the Industrial Revolution
In the late 1800’s, the Industrial Revolution tore
one country completely apart. An estimated 1
million people died. Brother fought brother,
towns and cities were burned to the ground,
families destroyed, millions of homes lost, and
millions of people rendered destitute poor,
without homes, jobs, money or food.
The Cost of the Industrial Revolution
What country was this?
The United States of
America
The Border War 1854 -1865
The Border War 1854 -1865
What caused the American Civil War?
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The Border War 1854 -1865
1800 - Slavery was on its way out compared to the value of what they could
produce, it was expensive to maintain
slaves. Cotton, the main crop of the
American South, was a difficult crop to
process; its fiber could only be separated
from the sticky, embedded seeds by hand,
The Border War 1854 -1865
What changed this situation?
The Industrial
Revolution.
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The Border War 1854 -1865
How was the Industrial
Revolution
responsible for starting the
American Civil War?
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The Border War 1854 -1865
The invention of two
new machines,
combined with coal
powered engines.
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To
this
by
1840
.
The Cotton Gin
From this in 1800..
The Cotton Gin
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Add to that Looms that went from
to
this…
thi
s
The Loom – producing high quality cloth cheaply and quickly
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The massive new Looms needed
massive new Cotton Gin’s, which
meant massive amounts of cotton
were now sought, thus the south
needed slaves to grow and pick
cotton, like never before.
Thousands of new slaves were
The Border War 1854 -1865
On the road to the American Civil War, through
complication political maneuvering, before the
American Civil War there was the non-declared border
war between the States of Missouri and Kansas.
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The name Bleeding Kansas refers to the violent
sectional conflicts in the American Midwest in the mid
to late 1850s.
Also referred to as Bloody Kansas or the Border War,
Bleeding Kansas was a very significant event in
American History illustrating the depth of the struggle
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• Rising wheat prices made prairies more desirable to
settle: .93/bushel 1851 to 2.50 1855
• Train lines expanded dramatically, allowing farmers
to sell grain and cattle more easily
• Four more rail lines proposed to link central states
to west coast.
• New mechanical inventions aid farming, making
farming more profitable.
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Compromise of 1850 – provided temporary unity
between north and south but could not remain
effective forever.
• California admitted as a free state no slavery
allowed ;
• Utah Territory and New Mexico Territory organized
with slavery to be decided by local vote;
• Slave trade was abolished in Washington, D.C. but
not slavery itself;
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Nebraska
Kansas
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Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 - Organized Nebraska and
Kansas as states and would allow local vote to decided
whether the states would be slave or free.
It was assumed that Kansas would be slave and that
Nebraska would be a free state (no slavery) allowed as
a result of the passage of the Act, but this assumption
was not completely correct.
The Border War 1854 -1865
First election 1854 was won by pro-slavery, but was
only won because of Missourians (Missouri was a slave
state) crossing river by the thousands to vote in Kansas
on the side of slavery.
The vote was finally declared to be invalid due to
rampant cheating.
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Border Ruffians were southerners living in
Missouri that crossed the border into Kansas in order
to help the Southerners win the elections which would
decide if the state would be slave or free.
Ruffians hated Northerners and they initiated the Raid
of Lawrence, Kansas. They crossed the state border and
looted and burned buildings of the free soil
community.
The Raid of Lawrence is often thought as one of the
The Border War 1854 -1865
Another notable “opening shot” of the Civil War in
Bleeding Kansas was The Pottawatomie
Massacre. The massacre was an anti-slavery
attack on a proslavery settlement. Five proslavery men
were taken from their homes and hacked to death in
the attack.
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The Wakarusa War was a skirmish that took place in
Kansas Territory during November 1855. The events
that led to the Wakarusa War began on November 21,
1855, when a Free-Stater was shot and killed by a proslavery settler. Violent reprisals on both sides led to
escalating tension. On December 1, 1855 a small army
of Missourians, entered Kansas and attacked the city
of Lawrence Kansas. Lawrence would be attacked again
in the years to come.
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The battle of Osawatomie took place on August 30,
1856 when anti-slavery forces received warning that
hundreds of pro-slavery fighters were approaching the
town of Osawatomie and the anti-slavery side quickly
assembled a small fighting force. This battle even went
to an extreme of utilizing cannons, further illustrating
how deeply
divided the country had become.
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Wakarusa War Nov. - Dec. 1855
Sack of Lawrence May 21, 1856
The Free State Hotel at Lawrence, destroyed by
proslavery forces, May 21, 1856
Pottawatomie Massacre May 24, 1856
Battle of Black Jack June 2, 1856
Battle of Franklin June 4-5, 1856
Dispersal of Topeka Legislature July 4, 1856
Battle of Fort Titus Aug. 16, 1856
Battle of Osawatomie Aug. 30, 1856
Battle of Hickory Point Sept. 13, 1856
Marais de Cygnes Massacre May 19, 1858
Battle of the Spurs January 31, 1859
Dr. John Doy trial March 4, 1859
John Ritchie kills Leonard Arms, Apr. 20, 1860
Morgan Walker raid Dec. 1860
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Although the South had tried to get Kansas to
become a slave state, Kansas became free in the end,
reflecting a prevailing sentiment of antislavery.
The murder and mayhem of Bleeding Kansas were not
actual Civil War battles, but they foreshadowed the
deadly conflict that was quickly approaching.
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Civil War
Battles in
Missouri
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Once the Civil War officially started in 1861,
determined to punish Missouri secessionists, men from
Kansas plundered the farms of suspected rebels (and
more than a few unoffending Unionists). On September
22, the Kansans sacked the town of Osceola, killing as
many as a dozen Confederates and helping themselves
to anything that might be of use to would-be rebels.
Joseph Trego, like many comrades, rode home to Kansas
on a horse seized from a Missouri farm. “It does me
good,” he wrote his wife, “to use the luxuries of these
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The “Bushwhackers”
Pro-Confederate guerrillas, called by enemies as
“bushwhackers,” usually in their late teens and
twenties, many guerrillas, like Cole Younger, were the
elder sons of Southern families. Some of these
households owned slaves.
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Guerrilla violence, in addition to attacking federal
troops, sabotaged bridges, railroads, and telegraph
lines. Mounted on horseback and wielding pistols,
guerrillas typically struck quickly, and their familiarity
with the surrounding landscape enabled them to hide
easily. Bushwhackers preyed upon Union households in
Missouri and Kansas alike, and like jayhawkers across
the state line, they employed terror as both a means and
an end.
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Confederate leaders were not sure about guerrilla
fighters in Missouri and elsewhere. On one hand, they
were useful, serving to tie down vastly larger numbers
of Union forces. On the other hand, the bushwhackers’
tactics of arson, robbery, and murder seemed to cross
the bounds of honorable combat.
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After the war was over, and the South had lost, many
of the former southern guerrilla fighters continued
the war in their own way by robbing “Union” targets,
such as Banks and Trains. These guerrilla fighters
turned armed bandits often robbed together in
families and were protected from the “Union” law by
friends, neighbors and relatives. As most of these
gangs were ex-guerrilla fighters they were practiced,
effective and frightening in their new careers as
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Not only as ex-guerrilla fighters they were practiced,
effective and frightening in their new careers as
bandits, but they strongly hated the people and
places they were stealing from. They felt they had
been wrongfully hurt by the Union and want money
and death as their vengeance. They vowed to never
stop attacking (robbing from) the Union until caught
or killed.
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This movie uses actual events and dialog. In order to maintain accuracy all the
brothers in the movie were played by actors who were actually brothers.
Main Individuals
Cole Younger – Civil War Guerrilla Fighter
James (Jim) Younger – Civil War Guerrilla Fighter
Bob Younger – Too young to be in the war
Frank James – Civil War Guerrilla Fighter
Jesse James – Civil War Guerrilla Fighter
Clell Miller – Civil War Guerrilla Fighter
Ed Miller - Too young to be in the war
http://www.civilwarstlouis.com/history/jamesgangoutlaws.htm
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The Younger's surrendered and pleaded guilty to murder in order to avoid execution.
Frank and Jesse secured horses and fled west across southern Minnesota, turning south
just inside the border of the Dakota Territory. In the face of hundreds of pursuers and a
nationwide alarm, Frank and Jesse escaped, but the infamous James–Younger Gang was
no more.
On September 23, 1876, the Younger brothers were taken to the Rice County jail in
Faribault. On November 16, a grand jury issued four indictments — one each for the
first-degree murders of Joseph Heywood and Nicholas Gustafson, one for bank robbery,
and one for assault with deadly weapons on the wounded bank clerk, Bunker. The three
brothers pleaded guilty on November 20, 1876 and were sentenced to life terms in the
state penitentiary at Stillwater.
Jesse, however, did not adapt well to peace. Accordingly, he gathered up new recruits,
formed a new gang and returned to a life of crime. On October 8, 1879, Jesse and his
gang robbed the Chicago and Alton Railroad near Glendale, Missouri. Unfortunately for
Jesse, one of the men Tucker Basham, was captured by a posse. He told authorities he
had been recruited by Bill Ryan.
On September 3, 1880, Jesse James and Bill Ryan robbed a stagecoach near Mammoth
Cave, Kentucky. On October 5, 1880, they robbed the store of John Dovey in Mercer,
Kentucky. On March 11, 1881, Jesse, Ryan, and his cousin Wood Hite robbed a federal
The Border War 1854 -1865
Suggested Reading:
Benedict, Bryce. Jayhawkers: The Civil War Brigade of James Henry Lane. Norman:
University of Oklahoma Press, 2009.
Fellman, Michael. Inside War: The Guerrilla Conflict in Missouri During the Civil War.
Oxford New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
Goodrich, Thomas. Black Flag: Guerrilla Warfare on the Western Border, 1861-1865.
Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995.
Neely, Jeremy. The Border Between Them: Violence and Reconciliation on the KansasMissouri Line. Columbia London: University of Missouri Press, 2007.
Sutherland, Daniel E. A Savage Conflict: The Decisive Roles of Guerrillas in the American
Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009.
Younger, Cole. The Story of Cole Younger by Himself, 2000.
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April 12, 1861
April 9, 1865