Download Physical Geography of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central

Physical Geography of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia
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_________waterways control access to these seas
In the west, the Strait of __________—separating Africa and Europe
In the north, the _____________________(dahrd·uhn·EHLZ) Strait,
the Sea of______________ (MAHR·mah·rah)
and the ____________ (BAHS·puh·ruhs) Strait together link the Mediterranean
and Black Seas and separate Europe from Asia.
On North Africa’s eastern edge, there is a human-made waterway called the
_______________Canal.
North of the Arabian Peninsula, the Strait of ______________(HAWR·muhz)
allows oil tankers to enter and leave the Persian Gulf.
Early civilizations developed along Egypt’s__________ River and Southwest
Asia’s ________________ and _____________________ Rivers
_______________—small particles of rich soil.
_________________(uh·LOO·vee·uhl) plain, an area of fertile soil left by river
floods.
sedimentary rock. This rock is created when layers of material are
____________by the intense weight of more materials piled above.
In the Caspian Sea, ______________, which is illegal fishing or hunting,
The _____________ ___________, which is shared by Kazakhstan and
Uzbekistan, has also been badly damaged.
___________ water often evaporates. This can leave behind a deposit of salt
that makes the land less fertile.
In 1968 Egypt’s government opened the Aswˉan High_________ on the upper
Nile River.
_________________, the facilities that turn petroleum into gasoline and other
products, also pollute the air.
The vast _________, the world’s largest desert,
Dry riverbeds called _________ fill with water when it rains
About 20 percent of the desert is covered by large sand dunes, which are called
________.
The Sahara also contains ________ where the land is fertile as a result of water
from a spring or well.
Some people on the steppes live as _________, moving across steppe areas to
find food and water for their herds.
Some countries, such as Libya, now draw water from ________, or underground
rock layers through which water flows.
Some governments, such as those of Jordan and Syria, are dealing with water
shortages by ___________. Rationing means that a resource is made available to
people in only limited amounts.
25. Another approach to managing water use is __________________. This process
treats seawater to remove salts and minerals and make it drinkable.
26. Two of the world’s oldest civilizations arose in Southwest Asia and North Africa
about 5,000 years ago. _________, in North Africa, developed along the banks of
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Physical Geography of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia
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the Nile River. The other civilization, _____________
(____suh_puh_TAY_mee_uh) in Southwest Asia, arose on a flat plain between
the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
To control flooding and carry water to their fields, they built walls, waterways,
and ditches. This method of watering crops is called __________.
Each Sumerian city and the land around it formed its own government and came
to be called a ____________
Mesopotamia’s religion was based on ___________, or the worship of many
gods and goddesses.
At first, each city-state was a _____________, or a government controlled by
religious leaders. Later, military leaders took power.
Egyptian rulers were called ____________
The Egyptians also developed a system of writing called ____________,
_______________, or the belief in one God.
___________, or agreement
______________, or messenger of God
The Israelites were not to worship other gods or human-made images. Also, all
people—whether rich or poor—were to be treated _____________
This scattering of the Jews was called the ___________________
About a.d. 30, a Jewish teacher named_____________ began preaching in what
is today Israel and the West Bank.
________________, or executed on a cross.
___________about Jesus and the writings of early Christians—known as the New
Testament— became part of the Christian Bible
_________ began in the a.d. 600s in the Arabian Peninsula
Muslims, or followers of ___________, believe that Muhammad was the last and
greatest prophet of Islam—following Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.
Muslims later wrote down Muhammad’s ___________. These writings became
the Quran (kuh∙RAN), or holy book of Islam.
After Muhammad died in a.d. 632, leaders known as__________ ruled the
Muslim community.
Later, Muslims passed on this knowledge. In fact, the system we use today for
writing ____________ and the concept of zero were brought by Muslims from
India to Europe.
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Physical Geography of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia
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46. In the late 1200s, another Muslim empire arose, led by a people known as the
________Turks. The Ottoman Empire lasted until the early 1900s.
47. The discovery of ________ brought wealth to several of these new nations.
48. Through wars and political struggles, most countries in Southwest Asia and
North Africa won political________ by the 1970s.
49. In recent years, the region has been torn by conflict between Arab countries and
Israel, which was founded in __________
50. Israel in return agreed to give the ____________ control of the Gaza Strip and
some areas of the West Bank.
51. In 1979 an Islamic revolution in Iran overthrew that country’s ________, or king.
Muslim religious leaders, such as Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (eye·uh·TOH·luh
ru·HAWL·la koh·MAY·nee), then made Iran an Islamic republic.
52. _________ is the use of violence against civilians to achieve a political goal.
53. In _____ troops from the United States and other countries attacked
Afghanistan.
54. In _______ a group of countries led by the United States invaded Iraq.
55. It is divided into two major groups: ______ (SU∙nee) and______ (SHEE∙ah).
56. They all believe in _____God who holds all power and who created the universe.
57. Muslims strive to fulfill the____ Pillars of Islam—acts of worship that are
required from the faithful.
58. Summerize the five pillars:
59. the _____________ is the weekly day of worship and rest.
60. They also set aside special days to honor_______, or Christian holy people.
61. Both Jews and Muslims have dietary laws that state which ________ they can
and cannot eat and how food should be prepared and handled.
62. Many of these works are exciting ________—tales or poems about heroes and
heroines.
63. Today, more than 50 percent of the region’s people live in ______ areas.
64. In other wealthy countries, such as Saudi Arabia and Qatar (KAH•tuhr), citizens
have prospered from ______ production.
65. Wives are expected to ______their husbands, stay home, and raise children.
66. Marriages arranged by parents are quite common.
67. In Saudi Arabia, for example, women are not allowed to vote, to drive, or to
travel unless accompanied by a __________ relative.
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