Download The reproductive success of an organism depends in part on the

April 18, 2012
The reproductive success of an organism depends
in part on the ability of the organism to survive.
How does the physical appearance of these
organisms help them survive?
• A. Their physical appearance helps them find
a habitat.
• B. Their physical appearance helps them
resist parasites.
• C. Their physical appearance helps them
avoid predators.
• D. Their physical appearance helps them
defend a territory.
April 18, 2012
C.
Their physical appearance helps them
avoid predators.
The organism’s camouflaged appearance
allows it to blend in with the surrounding
environment and hide from predators.
April 18, 2012
Question 13
Termites eat wood but cannot digest it.
Protozoans live in the termites’ stomachs
and use enzymes to break down the wood.
The digested wood provides nutrition for
both the termites and the protozoans.
What type of relationship is this?
• A. mutualism
• B. parasitism
• C. predation
• D. commensalism
April 18, 2012
A. mutualism
Mutualism occurs when both organisms
benefit from each other. The protozoan
benefits by having a safe and appropriate
habitat. The termite benefits by having
access to the digestion products of the
protozoan.
April 18, 2012
Question 35
Highways allow people to travel between towns and
cities. These highways also divide ecosystems into
smaller pieces. Animals can become separated from
lakes they use for breeding. For example, tiger
salamanders travel long distances to breed at lakes.
How could highway systems affect animals such as the
tiger salamander?
• A. Tiger salamander habitats may be exposed to
less pollution.
• B. Tiger salamanders may be cut off from important
resources.
• C. Tiger salamanders could improve their ability to
remember roads.
• D. Tiger salamander habitats within ecosystems
could become larger.
April 18, 2012
B. Tiger salamanders may be cut
off from important resources.
Highways could isolate
salamanders from their habitats,
breeding sites and food sources.
April 18, 2012
Which organism gets food energy
directly from both plants and
animals?
• A. fox
• B. grass
• C. grasshopper
• D. snake
April 18, 2012
A. fox
The diagram shows arrows
pointing to the fox from the
berries, mouse, grasshopper,
and snake. This means that the
fox gets energy directly from
eating both plants and animals.
April 18, 2012
Question 2
Planaria are flatworms that are found in shallow
streams, often attached to the bottoms of rocks. A class
is studying a population of planaria in a nearby shallow
stream. The graph below shows data collected over 11
weeks.
The population started to decrease after 5 weeks. The students
concluded that the stream did not have enough food to support a
large population of planaria.
If this trend continues, how many planaria will be living in the
stream by the 12th week?
• A. 600
• B. 500
• C. 400
• D. 300
April 18, 2012
C. 400
The data in the graph show that
the planaria population is
decreasing by 200 individuals
per week. If this trend
continues, the population will
decrease by 200 from week 11
to week 12. Since the
population size is 600 in week
11, a decrease of 200 will bring
the population size to 400.
April 18, 2012
The illustration below shows how a strawberry plant
reproduces by asexual reproduction to form a new
plant.
Describe one advantage that asexual
reproduction might offer the strawberry plant. (2
points)
April 18, 2012
What is Expected
The new plant will have all of
the same genes as the parent
plant (it will be genetically
identical). One advantage of
asexual reproduction is that the
offspring have the same genes
as the parent plant. If the parent
plant is well adapted to its
environment then, because they
have the same genes, the
offspring will also be able to live
in the environment.
April 18, 2012
Question 8
Bass tapeworms attach to
the gills and intestines of
bass fish. These worms
survive by taking nutrients
from the bass.
What type of relationship
does this represent?
• A. predation
• B. parasitism
• C. mutualism
• D. commensalism
April 18, 2012
B. Parasitsm
April 18, 2012
Question 16
In 2002, the club reported to the North American Butterfly
Association that the Striped Hairstreak butterfly was extinct.
In their report, the students wrote that they suspected that
the local pesticide spraying in 2000 was the cause of the
extinction of this butterfly species. The students received a
reply stating that their conclusion was not scientifically valid.
In your Answer Document, give two reasons why their
conclusion was not scientifically valid. (2 points)
April 18, 2012
What is Expected
The students’ conclusion that this species
of butterfly was extinct is not scientifically
valid because the data the students
collected was for only one town in Ohio.
For a species to be extinct, there must be
no living members of the species anywhere
in the world. Another reason the conclusion
is not scientifically valid is that there have
only been 2 years with no sightings of this
butterfly species. Another reason the
conclusion is not scientifically valid is that
there is no evidence that the spraying of
the pesticide was the cause of the butterfly
disappearance.
April 18, 2012
Question 17
In the summer of 2000, a large number of Gypsy moths
were seen on the trees. To protect the trees from the
Gypsy moths, the town government sprayed a pesticide
that kills only insect larvae.
Which correctly explains the probable relationship
between the spraying of pesticide and the number of
butterflies observed in 2001?
• A. There were more butterflies because there was
less competition for food from the Gypsy moths.
• B. There were fewer butterflies because the
butterflies left the area to get away from the pesticide.
• C. There were more butterflies because the
butterflies ate the Gypsy moth larvae killed by the
pesticide.
• D. There were fewer butterflies because the
pesticides killed the larvae of both the Gypsy moths
and the butterflies.
April 18, 2012
D. There were fewer butterflies
because the pesticides killed
the larvae of both the Gypsy
moths and the butterflies.
The pesticide that kills insect
larvae would also kill the
butterfly larvae, since butterflies
also have a larval stage in their
life cycle.
April 18, 2012
Question 29
Aphids are small insects that sometimes
live near ants. The ants protect the aphids
from predators. The aphids produce a
sweet substance that the ants eat.
Which statement describes the relationship
between ants and aphids?
• A. Both ants and aphids benefit.
• B. Both ants and aphids are unaffected.
• C. The ants benefit and the aphids are
harmed.
• D. The aphids benefit and the ants are
unaffected.
April 18, 2012
A. Both ants and aphids
benefit.
In this relationship, both
organisms benefit because
the ants protect the aphids
and the aphids provide food
for the ants
.
April 18, 2012
Sea otters are marine mammals that live in giant kelp
forests along the Pacific coast of North America. Sea
otters have an important role in the food web of this
ecosystem. When sea otters are removed from the
giant kelp forest, the kelp also begins to disappear.
In your Answer
Document, explain why
the absence of sea otters
would lead to a decrease
in the giant kelp.
Then, choose another
organism in the food web
and explain why the
decreasing amount of
giant kelp would affect
that organism. (2 points)
April 18, 2012
What is Expected
The absence of sea otters would
lead to a decrease in the giant
kelp population because there
would be an increase in the
number of sea urchins, which
eat the giant kelp. A decrease in
the giant kelp population could
cause a decrease in the number
of snails, because the snails
would have less food.
April 18, 2012
Question 4
Aphids are a common plant-pest insect. They alternate
between asexual and sexual reproduction. During the
summer, aphid populations grow quickly by asexual
reproduction. As winter approaches, aphids switch to
sexual reproduction.
What advantage does the switch to sexual reproduction
give the aphids?
• A. Sexual reproduction maintains a constant level
of variation in the population and requires less energy.
• B. Sexual reproduction decreases variation in the
population and prevents the spread of harmful
mutations.
• C. Sexual reproduction increases variation in the
population and provides for adaptability in a changing
environment.
• D. Sexual reproduction produces individuals that
are clones and allows rapid population growth under
stable environmental conditions.
April 18, 2012
C. Sexual reproduction increases variation
in the population and provides for
adaptability in a changing environment.
Sexual reproduction results in offspring
with new genetic combinations. This can
lead to an increase in genetic variation
within a population. Genetic variation may
allow the species to survive in a changing
environment.
April 18, 2012
Question 6
Aphids, ants and plants interact with one
another through symbiotic relationships.
Aphids are small insects that poke holes in
plants and suck out sap. Aphids may cause
the plant’s leaves to wilt and curl. Ants
protect aphids and eat the sugary liquid
that aphids produce.
In your Answer Document, choose two of
the organisms in this symbiosis. Describe
the relationship between the two organisms
in terms of the benefit or harm to each
organism. (2 points)
April 18, 2012
What is Expected
There are different types of symbiotic
relationships between organisms. In this
case, the aphids benefit from consuming
the plant, but the plant is harmed in the
process. The ant and the aphid, however,
benefit from each other and neither is
harmed in the process. The aphid receives
protection from the ants while the ants are
provided with food from the aphids.
April 18, 2012
Question 39
The shape of an animal’s body is
related to where it lives and how it
feeds.
Which fish has a body shape that is
best suited for feeding at the bottom
of a lake?
April 18, 2012
• The underside of this fish is flat, which
allows it to swim close enough to the lake
bottom to find food. Also, the shape of the
mouth is turned down, which indicates that
this fish is adapted to feeding from beneath
its body.
April 18, 2012