Download Cubital Fossa and Forearm

Pectoral Region
Osteological landmarks
Scapula
Coracoid process
Glenoid fossa
Supraglenoid tubercle
Infraglenoid tubercle
Humerus
Head
Anatomical neck
Surgical neck
Radial groove
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Intertubercular groove
Medial lip
Lateral lip
Shaft
Deltoid tuberosity
Clavicle
Sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
Rib
Nerves & Vessels
Thoracoacromial a.
Medial pectoral n.
Pectoralis major m
Pectoralis minor m
Lateral pectoral n.
Pecotralis major m
Long thoracic n.
Serratus anterior m
Lateral thoracic a./v.
Cephalic v.
Basilic v.
Muscles
Deltoid
O: Spine of Scapula, Acromion, and lateral third of clavicle
I: Deltoid Tuberosity of humerus
A: flexion and medial rotation, abduction, extension and lateral rotation
N: Axillary nerve
Subclavius
O: 1st rib and costal cartilage
I: interior surface of mid clavicle
A: anchor and depress clavicle. Protect SC joint
N: subclavian nerve
Pectoralis major
O: medial clavicle (clavicular head), anterior sternum (sternocostal head), and costal cartilages
(sternocostal head)
I: Intertubercular groove of humerus
A: Flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of humerus
N: medial and lateral pectoral nerve
Pectoralis minor
O: Ribs 3-5
I: Coracoid Process
A: stabilize scapula and elevate ribs
N: medial pectoral nerve
Serratus anterior
O: Ribs 1-8
I: Anterior medial border of scapula
A: holds scapula against body wall, protraction and upward rotation of scapula
N: Long thoracic nerve
Miscellaneous
Clavipectoral fascia
Axilla
Muscles
Pectoralis major
O: medial clavicle (clavicular head), anterior sternum (sternocostal head), and costal cartilages
(sternocostal head)
I: Intertubercular groove of humerus
A: Flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of humerus
N: medial and lateral pectoral nerve
Pectoralis minor
O: Ribs 3-5
I: Coracoid Process
A: stabilize scapula and elevate ribs
N: medial pectoral nerve
Deltoid
O: Spine of Scapula, Acromion, and lateral third of clavicle
I: Deltoid Tuberosity of humerus
A: flexion and medial rotation, abduction, extension and lateral rotation
N: Axillary nerve
Serratus anterior
O: Ribs 1-8
I: Anterior medial border of scapula
A: holds scapula against body wall, protraction and upward rotation of scapula
N: Long thoracic nerve
Latissimus dorsi
O: T7-L5 spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, dorsal sacrum, iliac crest
I: Floor intertubercular groove
A: Extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus
N: Thoracodorsal nerve
Teres major
O: Posterior surface inferior angle of scapula
I: Medial lip intertubercular groove
A: Extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus
N: Lower subscapular nerve
Subscapularis
O: Subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus
A: Medially rotates humerus
N: Upper and lower subscapular nerves
Vessels
Axillary a./v.
Thoracoacromial a.
Lateral thoracic a./v.
Subscapular a./v.
Circumflex scapular a./v.
Thoracodorsal a./v.
Posterior circumflex humeral a./v.
Anterior circumflex humeral a./v.
Brachial a./v.c.
Deep brachial a./v.
Cephalic v.
Basilic v.
Miscellaneous
Clavipectoral fascia
Brachial Plexus
Roots (C5-T1)  Trunks (Upper, Middle, Lower) Divisions (anterior and posterior 3X)  Cords
(Medial, Lateral, Posterior)  Branches (see below)
“Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer”
Medial cord (4MU)
Medial pectoral n.
 Pectoralis Major
 Pectoralis Minor
Medial brachial cutaneous n.
Medial antebrachial cutaneous n.
Medial root of median n.
 Pronator teres
 Flexor carpi radialis
 Palmaris longus
 Flexor digitorum superficialis
 Flexor pollicis longus
 Pronator quadratus
 Abductor pollicis brevis
 Flexor pollicis brevis
 Opponens pollicis
Ulnar n.
 Flexor carpi ulnaris
 Abductor digiti minimi





Flexor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi
Adductor pollicis (oblique and transverse)
Palmar interosseous
Dorsal interosseous
Lateral cord (2LM)
Lateral pectoral n.
 Pectoralis Minor
Lateral root of median n.
 Same as Median root of Median nerve
Musculocutaneous n.
 Biceps Brachii (long and short)
 Coracobrachialis
 Brachialis
Posterior cord (STARS)
Upper Subscapular n.
 Subscapularis
Thoracodorsal n.
 Lattisimus Dorsi
Axillary n.
 Deltoid
 Teres minor
Radial n.
 Brachioradialis
 Anconeus
 Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
 (deep branch) extensor digitorum
 (deep branch) extensor digiti minimi
 (deep branch) extensor carpi ulnaris
 (deep branch) supinator
 (deep branch) abductor pollicis longus
 (deep branch) extensor pollicis brevis
 (deep branch) extensor pollicis longus
 (deep branch) extensor indicis
Lower Subscapular n.
 Supscapularis
 Teres Major
Brachium
Osteological Landmarks
Humerus
Head
Anatomical neck
Surgical neck
Radial groove
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Intertubercular groove
Medial lip
Lateral lip
Shaft
Deltoid tuberosity
Medial epicondyle
Lateral epicondyle
Medial supracondylar ridge
Lateral supracondylar ridge
Trochlea
Capitulum
Olecranon fossa
Radius
Head
Neck
Radial (bicipital) tuberosity
Interosseous border
Ulnar notch
Styloid process
Anterior Compartment of Arm
Muscles
Biceps brachii Long head
O: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: radial tuberosity
A: elbow flexion, supination abduction and internal rotation of humerus
N: musculocutaneous
Biceps brachii Short head
O: coracoid process
I: radial tuberosity
A: same as long head
N: musculocutaneous
Coracobrachialis
O: coracoid process
I: medial third of humerus
A: fexion, adduction
N: musculocutaneous
Pronator teres
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna
I: middle lateral radius
A: pronation, flexion
N: median nerve
Brachialis
O: distal anterior humerus
I: ulnar tuberosity
A: elbow flexion
N: musculocutaneous
Nerves
Medial brachial cutaneous n.
Medial antebrachial cutaneous n.
Ulnar n.
Median n.
Musculocutaneous n.
Lateral antebrachial cutaneous n.
Vessels
Brachial a./v.c.
Deep brachial a./v.
Posterior Compartment of Arm
Muscles
Triceps brachii Medial head
O: posterior shaft of humerus
I: posterior surface of the olecranon process of ulna, deep fascia of antebrachium
A: extends forearm at elbow
N: radial nerve
Triceps brachii Lateral head
O: upper half of the posterior surface of the shaft of the humerus
I: same as medial head
A: extends forearm at elbow
N: radial nerve
Triceps brachii Long head
O: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: same as medial and lateral
A: adducts arm, extends shoulder, and elbow flexion
N: radial nerve
Anconeus m.
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: olecranon of ulna
A: elbow extension
N: radial nerve
Nerves
Radial n.
Vessels
Deep brachial a./v.c.
Cubital Fossa
Cephalic v.
Basilic v.
Median cubital v.
Tendon of biceps brachii
Bicipital aponeurosis
Brachial a./v.c.
Median n.
Other Structures
Brachial fascia
Brachioradialis m.
O: proximal 2/3 lateral supracondylar ridge
I: lateral distal radius
A: flexion
N: radial nerve
Cubital Fossa and Forearm
Osteological Landmarks
Humerus
Lateral epicondyle
Radius
Head
Neck
Radial (bicipital) tuberosity
Interosseous border
Ulnar notch
Styloid process
Ulna
Olecranon process
Radial notch
Trochlear notch
Coronoid process
Ulnar tuberosity
Interosseous border
Posterior border
Head
Styloid process
Carpal Bones
Scaphoid
Tubercle
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Tubercle
Trapezoid
Capitate
Head
Hamate
Hook
Anterior Compartment of Forearm
Muscles
Pronator teres
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna
I: middle lateral radius
A: pronation, flexion
N: median nerve
Flexor carpi radialis
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 2nd metacarpal
A: flexion, abduction
Palmaris longus
O: medial epicondyle
I: flexor retinaculum palmar aponeurosis
A: flexion
N: median nerve
Flexor carpi ulnaris
O: medial epicondyle, olecranon
I: pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal
A: flexion, adduction
N: ulnar nerve
Flexor digitorum superficialis
O: medial epicondyle humerus, UCL, coronoid process ulna
I: body of middle phalanges 2-5
A: flexion
N: median
Flexor digitorum profundus
O: proximal medial ulna, interosseus membrane
I: base of distal phalanx 2-5
A: flexion
N: medial part- ulnar nerve. Lateral part- median nerve
Flexor pollicis longus
O: anterior radius, interosseus membrane
I: base distal phalanx thumb
A: flexion
N: median nerve
Pronator quadratus
O: distal anterior ulna
I: distal anterior radius
A: pronation
N: median nerve
Nerves
Median n.
Anterior interosseous n.
Ulnar n.
Medial antebrachial cutaneous n.
Lateral antebrachial cutaneous n.
Vessels
Brachial a./v.c.
Radial a./v.c.
Ulnar a./v.c.
Common interosseous a./v.
Anterior interosseous a./v.
Other Structures
Antebrachial fascia
Flexor retinaculum
Extensor retinaculum
Tendon of biceps brachii
Bicipital aponeurosis
Interosseous membrane
Posterior Compartment of Forearm
Muscles
Anconeus m.
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: olecranon of ulna
A: elbow extension
N: radial nerve
Brachioradialis
O: proximal lateral supracondylar ridge
I: lateral distal radius
A: flexion
N: radial nerve
Extensor carpi radialis longus
O: lateral supracondylar ridge
I: base of 2nd metacarpal
A: extension, abduction
N: radial nerve
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 3rd metacarpal
A: extension, abduction
N: radial nerve
Extensor digitorum
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: extensor expansion of medial 4 digits
A: extension
N: deep branch radial nerve
Intertendinous connection
Extensor expansion
Extensor digiti minimi
O: lateral epicondyle of hemerus
I: extensor expansion of 5th digit
A: extention
N: deep branch radial nerve
Extensor carpi ulnaris
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior ulna
I: base of 5th metacarpal
A: extension, adduction
N: deep branch radial nerve
Supinator
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, RCL, supinator fossa, crest of ulna
I: proximal lateral posterior radius
A: supination
N: deep branch radial nerve
Abductor pollicis longus
O: posterior ulna, radius, interosseous membrane
I: base of 1st metacarpal
A: abduction, extension
N: deep branch radial nerve
Extensor pollicis brevis
O: posterior radius, interosseous membrane
I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: extension
N: deep branch radial nerve
Extensor pollicis longus
O: posterior middle 1/3 of ulna, interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of thumb
A: extension
N: deep branch radial nerve
Extensor indicis
O: posterior ulna, interosseous membrane
I: extensor expansion of 2nd digit
A: extension
N: deep branch radial nerve
Nerves
Radial n.
Superficial radial n.
Deep radial n.
Posterior interosseous n.
Vessels
Radial a./v.c.
Posterior interosseous a./v
Hand
Osteological Landmarks
Carpal Bones
Scaphoid
Tubercle
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Tubercle
Trapezoid
Capitate
Head
Hamate
Hook
Metacarpals
I–V
Base
Head
Phalanx
Proximal, intermediate, distal
Base
Head
Muscles
Tendons
Flexor digitorum superficialis
O: medial epicondyle humerus, UCL, coronoid process ulna
I: body of middle phalanges 2-5
A: flexion
N: median
Flexor digitorum profundus
O: proximal medial ulna, interosseus membrane
I: base of distal phalanx 2-5
A: flexion
N: medial part- ulnar nerve. Lateral part- median nerve
Flexor pollicis longus
O: anterior radius, interosseus membrane
I: base distal phalanx thumb
A: flexion
N: median nerve
Palmaris longus
O: medial epicondyle
I: flexor retinaculum palmar aponeurosis
A: flexion
N: median nerve
Abductor pollicis brevis
O: flexor retinaculum, spacphoid, trapezium
I: lateral base proximal phalanx of thumb
A: abduction of thumb
N: median nerve
Flexor pollicis brevis
O: Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium
I: lateral base proximal phalanx of thumb
A: flexion
N: median nerve
Opponens pollicis
O: flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium
I: lateral 1st metacarpal
A: opposition, medial rotation
N: median nerve
Abductor digiti minimi
O: pisiform
I: medial base proximal phalanx of pinky
A: abduction
N: ulnar nerve
Flexor digiti minimi (brevis)
O: hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
I: medial base proximal phalanx of pinky
A: flexion
N: ulnar nerve
Opponens digiti minimi
O: hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
I: medial border of 5th metacarpal
A: opposition, medial rotation
N: ulnar nerve
Adductor pollicis Oblique head and Transverse head
O: base 2/3 of metacarpals, capitate. Anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal
I: medial base proximal phalanx of thumb
A: opposition, medial rotation
N: ulnar nerve
Lumbrical (1–4)
O: flexor digitorum profundus
I: extensor expansion 2-5
A: flex MCP, Extend IP
N: medial portion- ulnar nerve. Lateral portion- median nerve
Palmar interosseous (1–3)
O: palmar surfaces of 2,4,5 metacarpals
I: extensor expansions of proximal phalanges 2,4,5
A: adduction, assist lumbricals in flexion
N: ulnar nerve
Dorsal interosseous (1–4)
O: adjacent sides of 2 metacarpals (1-4)
I: extensor expansions of proximal phalanges 2-4
A: abduction, assist lumbricals in flexion
N: ulnar nerve
Miscellaneous
Palmar aponeurosis
Flexor retinaculum
Carpal tunnel
Fibrous digital sheath
Nerves
Median n.
Recurrent branch
Common palmar digital n.
Proper palmar digital n.
Ulnar n.
Superficial ulnar n.
Deep ulnar n.
Vessels
Radial a./v.c.
Superficial branch
Deep palmar arterial arch
Palmar metacarpal a.
Ulnar a./v.c.
Deep branch
Superficial palmar arterial arch
Common palmar digital a.
Proper palmar digital a.
Joints of the Upper Limb
All Synovial Joints
Fibrous capsule
Synovial membrane
Synovial cavity
Articular cartilage
Sternoclavicular Joint
Articular disc
Costoclavicular ligament
Acromioclavicular Joint
Coracoclavicular ligament
Glenohumeral Joint
Glenoid labrum
Glenohumeral ligaments
Coracoacromial ligament
Tendon of long head biceps brachii m.
Elbow
Ulnar collateral ligament
Radial collateral ligament
Radioulnar Joints
Proximal radioulnar joint
Anular ligament
Middle radioulnar joint
Interosseous membrane
Distal radioulnar joint
Articular disc
Radiocarpal Joint
Transverse Carpal Joint
Carpometacarpal Joints (I–V)
Metacarpophalangeal Joints (I–V)
Palmar plate
Medial collateral ligament
Lateral collateral ligament
Deep transverse metacarpal ligament
Interphalangeal Joints
Proximal, Distal
Palmar plate
Medial collateral ligament
Lateral collateral ligament