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SCH 303: THERMODYNAMICS II AND PHASE EQUILIBRIA Course Lecturer: Dr Immaculate Michira Introduction Thermodynamics like quantum mechanics is one of the main pillars of chemistry. It is essentially concerned with the conservation of energy either in an organized or disorganized form and possess an immense predictive power. It predicts spontaneous direction of chemical processes/reactions and the equilibrium states of chemical systems. It is useful to the chemist, to the physicists, and to all. SCH 303 explains and enables the learner to apply the three Laws of thermodynamics to explain all phenomena in nature. Programme: BSc, BSc (Industrial), BPharm II Lecture for SCH 303: Tuesday 8.00-9.00 a.m Thursday 12.00-2.00 p.m Room 119 Room 119 Pre-requisite SCH 203 First Law of Thermodynamics, Calculus Office location Chiromo Campus, Dept of Chemistry, Prefabs, Rm 3 Consultation Hours Tuesday 2.00- 4.00 Thursday 3.00-4.00 Course objectives To emphasize that all physical and chemical processes involve transfer of energy To define thermodynamic terms such as system, surroundings, boundaries, open and closed systems etc. To evaluate change of internal energy of the system in terms of the trading currencies i.e heat and work To establish the advantages of bringing changes to the system reversibly as opposed to irreversibly To define systems properties such as U, H, S as path dependent or exact differentials and the consequences. To give thermodynamic determinants of spontaneous process To evaluate the entropy of systems under different conditions To define the Gibbs and Helmhotz free energies and establish their importance To establish the free energies gives maximum useful work To explain phase equilibrium in the right of Gibbs free energy Derive relevant equations that govern transition of phases (Clapeyron and the Clausius Clapeyron equation) To define chemical potential and understand how it can be extended to understand the thermodynamics of mixtures of varying compositions (concept of partial molar quantities and the importance of the Gibbs- Duhem equation). Course Content -The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics - Spontaneous Processes - The Carnot Cycle - Entropy - Entropy change in a Reversible System - Entropy Change in an Irreversible process - Entropy of an ideal gas - Entropy and change of State - Determination of entropies of substances - Free energy and equilibria - The Gibbs –Helmhotz equation - The Clausius -Clapeyron equation - Maxwell relations - Chemical potential and applications - The Gibbs- Duhem equation - Phase Rule and Applications Instructional methods 3 hours of lectures per week Fortnight tutorials Class assignments Course materials Books: 1) Physical Chemistry by Gordon M. Barrow- Mcgraw Hill Publishers 2) A textbook of physical chemistry by A.S Negi and S. C. Anand- New Age International (P) Limited Publishers 3) ATKIN’S Physical chemistry by Peter Atkins, Julio de Paula- Oxford University Press 4) A textbook of Physical Chemistry, K K Sharma, L K Sharma- Vikas Publishing House PVT Ltd E-Sources -Internet – Google Books, e- journals Evaluation 2 CAT 30% Exam 70% Contacts Address: Immaculate Michira, P.O Box 27080-00100, Nairobi e-mail: [email protected] Mobile: 0733482260 END