Download Tie-Line Error

Group Members
 Md. Minhazul Hasan-121800014
 Md. Abdul Ahad-121800018
 Mst. Shahnaz Akter- 121800034
 Sharmin Akther- 121800049
Thesis Topic
Load Frequency Control in Power
System
Content
 Load frequency control
 Single area power system
 PID based LFC of single area power system
 Simulation of single area power system
 Performance Comparison of PID based LFC in single
area power system
Load Frequency Control
 Power systems are used to convert natural energy into electric
power. The frequency of electric power is highly dependent on the
active power while the voltage of electric power is highly dependent
on the reactive power. Thus the control issue in power systems can
be decoupled into two independent problems.
 One is about the active power and frequency control while the other
is about the reactive power and voltage control.
 The active power and frequency control is referred to as load
frequency control (LFC).
Single Area Power System
 The single area power system consists of single area interconnected power
system.It consists of one generator, one governor, and one turbine unit.
PID based LFC of single area power system
 PID controller has been broadly used for decades as the load frequency
controllers. PID controller is simple to implement however, there are fundamental
technical limitations in the existing PID framework, including the following: 1)
the error computation; 2) noise degradation in the derivative control; 3) over
simplification and the loss of performance in the control law in the form of a
linear weighted sum; and 4) complications brought by the integral control.
Simulation of single area power system
 Simulation Software: Matlab Simulink software.
Fig: PID based LFC of single area power system
Simulation Wave shape
 Tie-Line Error:
The transmission lines that connect an area to its
neighboring area are called tie-lines. The error of tie lines are called tie line error.
Simulation Wave shape Cont.
 Frequency Error:
The difference between the actual and scheduled
frequency.
Simulation Wave shape Cont.
Area Control Error:
A suitable linear combination of frequency and tie line
power changes for area, is known as the area control error. Actually ACE is the
difference between scheduled and actual electrical generation within a control area on the
power grid, taking frequency bias into account.
Performance Comparison of PID based LFC in
single area power system
Error Type
PID
Tp(p.u.)
Ts(sec.)
ACE
1.42
10
Frequency Error
1.0
8
Tie-line Error
.92
11
Thank You