Download Before Milgram`s study on obedience, a team of psychiatrists

92 100 INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
1. Before Milgram’s study on obedience, a team of psychiatrists guessed that ___ of
subjects would administer the highest levels of shock.
a) less than 50%
b) more than 50%
2. In the Milgram study on obedience, ___ of subjects administered the highest levels of
shock.
a) less than 50%
b) more than 50%
3. Zimbardo’s prison study, often called the “Stanford Prison Study,” reveals that
a) simple, everyday roles can have profound effects on people’s behavior
b) the current prison system is more harmful to inmates than those operating on a
“token system”
c) people who are placed in jail for crimes they did not commit will often be more d)
resilient than people who actually committed the crimes they were jailed for
ethnic boundaries often break down in prison situations
d) ethnic boundaries often break down in prison situations
4. Aslı is trying to remember what grocery items she needs from the stores. She repeats
the words, "Eggs, cookies, bread, tortillas, and pretzels" over and over again in her mind.
Bonnie is utilizing which memory technique?
a) maintenance rehearsal
b) chunking
c) retroactive interference
d) elaborative rehearsal
5. When you are asked to remember your student identification number, you are using
a) recognition.
b) memory traces.
c) implicit memory.
d) recall.
6. Ayşen is being asked to remember a series of the following 15 letters:
FOXHOWLSWANTBUG. She finds this to be easier to remember as the four words "fox
howls want bug," rather than 15 individual letters. Ayşen has used a process known as
a) maintenance rehearsal.
b) long-term potentiation.
c) chunking.
d) recognition.
7. If you had to memorize the series of letters FBINSACIA and did so by noting that FBI,
CIA and NSA are all names of governmental agencies, what technique of encoding
information into long-term memory would you be using?
a) rehearsal
b) concentration
c) elaboration
d) chunking
8. H.M. suffers with __________, as he is unable to form new memories.
a) anterograde amnesia
b) retrograde amnesia
c) retroactive interference
d) repression
9. Which of the following constitutes evidence that memories can be changed after they
are recorded?
a) Inability to retrieve a memory and later ability to retrieve it suggests that the memory
b) changed its properties after it was recorded such that it was eventually accessible.
c) Often, parents and their adult children disagree on the details of past events.
d) Asking a leading question such as ‘what was the speed of the car before it
smashed?’ results in some subjects falsely recalling having seen broken glass at the
scene.
e) Patients can recall instances of abuse only long after the event
10. Which of the following has been offered as a possible explanation for forgetting?
a) Memories decay over time
b) Sometimes there is failure to retrieve information from the long-term memory, even
though it is recorded there
c) Some memories can interfere with the recall of other memories
d) All of the above
11. George Miller (1956) spoke of the “magic number” regarding the capacity of short
term memory. This “magic number” was
a) 3
b) 5
c) 9
d) 12
e) 7 plus or minus 2
12. The first question in this quiz required a form of ______ that is known as ________.
a) Encoding; recall
b) Encoding; recognition
c) Retrieval; recall
d) Retrieval; recognition
e) Storage; recall
f) Storage; recognition
13. Developmental psychology is best defined as the study of:
a) Children’s thought processes and moral reasoning
b) The physical changes that occur in the womb and during the childhood years.
c) The social, cognitive, and physical changes that occur over the course of the lifespan.
d) The influence of genes on the behavior of infants, children, adolescents, and adults.
e) None of the above
14. Oktay is a gurgling, even-tempered, happy baby. Ali is a fussy, irregular, and
irritable baby. These characteristics describe each infant’s basic, natural disposition –
her or his
a) Temperament
b) Attachment pattern
c) Socialization
d) Egocentrism
15. Harry Harlow’s studies with monkeys concluded that
a) Females isolated at birth from all social contact still develop into good mothers
b) Infant monkeys are more attached to caregivers who provide food than to caregivers
who provide comfort
c) Infant monkeys were motivated by the need for contact and comfort
d) Monkeys are able to successfully overcome maternal separation and being socially
isolated for years.
e) All of the above
16. Which parenting style is viewed by psychologists as best?
a) Authoritarian
b) Permissive
c) Abusive
d) Authoritative
17. Solomon Asch’s experiment on conformity utilized which stimulus object(s)?
a) Colors
b) Sounds
c) Lines
d) Circles
e) A point of light in a darkened room
18. When an external event occurs, information about it FIRST goes to _____ memory,
and then, if we _____ the information, it goes to _____ memory.
a) short-term; attend to; sensory
b) sensory; encode; long-term
c) short-term; encode; long-term
d) sensory; attend to; short-term
19. An essay test is a ___ measure of retention; a multiple-choice test assessing rote
memorization is a ___ measure of retention.
a) relearning; recognition
b) recall; recognition
c) recall; relearning
d) recognition; recall
20. Solomon Asch, in his studies of conformity, found that
a) participants will agree with the incorrect judgements of others even when the correct
answer is obvious.
b) participants will agree with the incorrect judgements of others except when the correct
answer is obvious.
c) behaviors, emotions, and cognitions are determined almost completely by personality
characteristics.
d) behaviors, emotions, and cognitions are determined almost completely by situational
factors.
21. It has been found that athletic runners have faster running times when they run with
another person than when they run by themselves. This phenomenon is called
a) social conformity.
b) social facilitation.
c) social obedience.
d) all the above
22. Which of the following statements about social facilitation is FALSE?
a) Social facilitation occurs only when there are many others present.
b) Social facilitation occurs only with relatively simple tasks.
c) Social facilitation occurs in other animals, such as insects.
d) Social facilitation occurs, in part, because of increased physiological arousal.
23. Which of the following seems to have been true about the personalities of fully
obedient Teachers in Milgram's research?
a) On average, they had normal personalities.
b) On average, they had abnormal personalities.
c) On average, they had psychopathic personalities.
d) On average, they had sociopathic personalities.
24. In the studies of Solomon Asch, participants were LEAST likely to conform when
a) at least one of the confederates disagreed with the rest of the group.
b) they were high in the personality trait referred to as "independence."
c) they had no reason to care what the others in the group thought of them.
d) no one else seemed to care what they said about the lengths of the lines.
25. Which of the following would represent an internal attribution?
a) I hit the other car because the sun got in my eyes.
b) I hit the other car because the stoplight wasn't working.
c) I hit the other car because I am a bad driver.
d) I hit the other car because the street was not well lighted.
26. Which of the following would represent an external attribution?
a) I hit the other car because I am a bad driver.
b) I hit the other car because I was very tired.
c) I hit the other car because the sun got in my eyes.
d) I hit the other car because I was drunk.
27. At what stage does “conservation” achieved?
a) Sensorimotor
b) Preoperational
c) Concrete
d) Formal
29. You are trying to remember the name of a person you met last week. According to
the principle of context reinstatement, it would be most helpful to bring to mind:
a) the place and time you originally met this person.
b) the reason you want to remember this person’s name.
c) the names of other people you recently met.
d) the face of the person whose name you want to remember.
30. In a psychology study, you are asked to memorize a list of words. After a rest period,
you are asked to memorize a second list of words. Your ability to remember the first list
of words is likely to decrease because of:
a) decay
b) interference
c) retrograde amnesia
d) the primacy effect
33. A firm, close, enduring emotional bond between the baby and the primary caregiver
is called:
a) Locomotion
b) Attachment
c) Emotion Regulation
d) Social Referencing
34. Harley Hallow’s experiment was about attachment, and it was to test____:
a) whether the babies will show seperation anxiety when the caregiver leaves the room
b) if human voice frequently bring relief from stress
c) the stability of attachment
d) if the babies are attached to caregivers on the basis of nutrition
35. In ______ parenting style, there are many rukes and demands, few explanations and
little sensitivity to the child’s perspective.
a) Authoritative
b) Authoritatian
c) Permissive
d) Uninvolved
36. Every time we wonder why someone did something, we are engaging in the process
of:
a) social identity
b) causal attribution
c) overjustified behavior
d) attitude formation
37. Ceren is worried about how she will perform on her calculus exam. Her father tells
her that she shouldn’t be taking a math class at all, because “Girls aren’t good at math.”
Ceren’s anxiety that she will perform badly on the exam, and confirm her father’s belief,
is an example of:
a) confirmation bias
b) stereotype threat
c) emotional appraisal
d) self-enhancement
38. ____ cover a wide range of topics about which we may feel quite strongly; like
nuclear power, abortion etc.
a) Stereotypes
b) Attitudes
c) Emotions
d) Predictions
39. We often pick up on others’ expectations for us (dictated by a stereotype) and
behave in that way. This is called:
a) Stereotype threat
b) Self-fulfilling prophecies
c) prejudice
d) self schema
40. Tolga was watching a tv advertisement about a sports car, in a beautiful surrounding,
with beautiful people. After watching the advertisement, he had positive thoughts about
the car, and thought he should buy it. This is an example of _______ that occured as a
result of _____.
a) self-schema, positive emotions
b) attitude formation, classical conditioning
c) self schema, belief in our knowledge
d) attitude formation, operant conditioning
41. Yeşim enters the classroom and sees a sign on the wall that says, “Please turn off cell
phones during class. Thank you.” Yeşim turns her phone off. This is an example of what
kind of social influence?
a) conformity
b) obedience
c) compliance
d) persuasion
42. Although Kerem usually enjoys playing video games, he finds that his performance is
much worse when his friends are watching him play. Which of the following “mere
presence effects” is Ronnie demonstrating?
a) social facilitation
b)social inhibition
c) social loafing
d) deindividuation
43. Groups decisions are more extreme than those we make on our own. This shows,
a)group polarisation
b)risky shift
C)the “bystander effect”
d) alturism
44. Which one of the following is not one of the factors that affect “social conformity”?
a) size of the group
b) anonimity
c) ambiguity
d) leader of the group
45. When a child begins to think of himself as if he was the parent, the ____ has begun
to develop.
a) Ego
b) Superego
c) Id
d) Oedipal conflict
46. What disorder consists of fluctuations between episodes of depression and mania?
a) bipolar disorder
b) depression
c) obsessive compulsive
d) phobia
47. If you visit Ebru, you will find a very clean organized house. Everything has its place
and if you move an object, Ebru will be distressed. She is rigid and tries to control
everything. Of the following personality disorders, which one best describes Ebru?
a) schizophrenia
b) obsessive compulsive
c) dissociative disorder
d) panic attack
48. Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, and decreased
emotional expression characterize:
a) generalized anxiety disorder
b) somatoform disorders
c) depression
d) schizophrenia
49. The disorder that involves an inability to recall personal information or events is
called:
a) dissociative memory
b) obsessive-compulsive disorder
c) dissociative amnesia
d) dissociative fugue
50. An intense, excessive and irrational fear characterizes:
a) phobias
b) mental disorders
c) panic disorder
d) insanity
51. What type of phobia is characterized by anxiety about being in places or situations
from which escape might be difficult?
a) obsessive compulsive phobia
b) social phobia
c) specific phobia
d) agoraphobia
52. While Koray was in the final exam, he decides to cheat from a friend sitting in front of
him. He says, “Everybody cheats, and I need to get a B to pass the course”. Which
defense mechanism is Koray using?
a) reaction formation
b) denial
c) rationalization
d) repression