Download How does Functionalism, Conflict, and Interactionism theory apply to

How does Functionalism, Conflict, and Interactionism theory apply to the family
sociological institution? What are the similarities? What are the differences?
There are numerous social institutions which can presently be found in society; possibly
the most important of these is that of the family. Sociologists have a number of theories which
can be used to better explain and examine the reasons why families are formed, how and why
they stay together and how they function as a vital component of society in general.
The functionalist theory/perspective sees the family unit as a necessary product of
society. Those who subscribe to this theory basically believe that the family was originally
formulated in order to meet the needs of the community and the social order in general. Because
of this, the family then gives back to society by working, becoming educated, paying taxes etc.,
in general; a mutually productive relationship. Functionalists also believe that families work
together within their own units to improve their personal environments.
The conflict theory in regards to the family, views this institution in a much more
negative manner than the functionalist perspective; those who subscribe to this theory, believe
that families are constantly being subjected to problems and difficulties which they must
continually attempt to deal with and overcome. Instead of functioning together to improve their
situations, family members are always struggling for power and dominance therefore causing
constant states of conflict. It is believed that this state of disharmony is normal and does not
simply occur within the social institution of the family, but throughout society in general.
Interactionism also referred to as the interactionist theory, attempts to study the ways in
which individuals interact by using different modes and methods of communication. Symbolic
interactionism is simply the use of symbols to convey meaning or significance to others i.e.
wedding rings worn by a married couple denotes their commitment to each other. Simply put;
this theory states that individuals will act and interact with others in manners which they feel are
appropriate and depending on the relationship they have with others. This theory is similar to that
of the functionalists due to the fact that specific functions or actions are performed based on the
individual’s needs and/or beliefs. This theory is important in regards to the family institution in
that language and communication have a great bearing on the initial growth and development
process of children. Also interacting by communicating, whether verbal or non-verbal is a vital
aspect of family life. Many times the simple act of keeping the lines of communication open with
a family has the ability to not only alleviate problems but preclude them from occurring.
While the conflict theory, in regards to not only the family institution but to society in
general, is a more negative and pessimistic sociological perspective, the functionalist and
interactions theory provide a much more optimistic view of the family. Each theory is primarily
based on the need for some type of interaction between the family and their community and
clearly demonstrates the importance of the roles each member of every family plays within their
unit and society in general.