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Download B) Respiratory System NTG f09
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The Respiratory System Notes Functions of the Respiratory System 1. 2. 3. Organs of the Respiratory system Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs Alveoli Upper Respiratory Tract The Nose The only ___________________________of the respiratory system Air enters the nose through the ___________________________ The interior of the nose consists of a nasal ____________________ divided by a nasal ___________ Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity __________________________ __________________are located in the mucosa on the superior surface The rest of the cavity is lined with respiratory __________________ ___________, moistens and _______________ the air Traps incoming ___________________________ Lateral walls have projections called ___________________________ Increases ___________________________ Increases air turbulence within the nasal cavity The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the palate Anterior ___________________________ (bone) Posterior ___________________________ (muscle) Paranasal Sinuses Cavities within bones surrounding the nasal cavity ___________________________ bone ___________________________ bone ___________________________ bone ___________________________ bone Function of the sinuses Lightens the _________________ Acts as a ___________________________ chambers for speech Produces __________ that drains into the nasal ___________________________ Pharynx (Throat) Muscular passage from nasal cavity to larynx for ___________________ and __________________ Three regions of the pharynx __________________________– superior region behind nasal cavity __________________________– middle region behind mouth __________________________– inferior region attached to larynx The oropharynx and laryngopharynx are common passageways for air and food Structures of the Pharynx Auditory tubes enter into the __________________________ Tonsils of the pharynx (__________________________________________) __________________________tonsils (adenoids) in the nasopharynx __________________________tonsils in the oropharynx __________________________tonsils at the base of the tongue Larynx (________________________________________________) Routes air and food into proper __________________________ Plays a role in __________________________ Made of eight rigid hyaline cartilages and a spoon-shaped flap of elastic cartilage (________________) Structures of the Larynx __________________________cartilage Largest hyaline cartilage Protrudes anteriorly (__________________________) __________________________ – “guardian of the airways” Superior opening of the __________________ Composed of _________________________ cartilage Routes food to the __________________ and air toward the __________________ __________________________ (vocal folds) Vibrate with expelled air to create sound (________________) __________________________– opening between vocal cords Trachea (__________________________) Connects ______________________ with bronchi Lined with ciliated _______________________ Beat continuously in the __________________________of incoming air Expel mucus loaded with dust and other debris away from ___________________ Walls are reinforced with C-shaped _______________________ cartilage to prevent it from collapsing during _______________________ changes that occur during breathing Primary Bronchi Formed by __________________________of the trachea Enters the lung at the _________________(medial depression) __________________________ is wider and shorter, and the left is more horizontal ____________________ bronchi is the most common site for lodging of foreign object Bronchi subdivide into smaller and smaller branches Lungs Occupy most of the __________________________ cavity __________________________ is near the clavicle (superior portion) __________________________ rests on the _______________(inferior portion) Each lung is divided into lobes by fissures ______________ ____________ – two lobes ______________ ____________ – three lobes Respiratory Tree Divisions _____________________ ________________________ _____________________ Bronchioli Smallest conducting ______________________ passages Alveoli Actual site of ____________ ____________________ Millions of clustered _____________________ Resemble bunches of grapes ___________________takes place within the alveoli in the respiratory membrane Respiratory Membrane (_____________________________ _____________________) Composed of __________________________ and _______________________ walls Thin __________________________epithelial layer lining alveolar walls Pulmonary capillaries cover external surfaces of alveoli Respiratory Membrane and __________________________ ________________________ Gas crosses the respiratory membrane by diffusion __________________________ enters the blood __________________________ enters the alveoli Pathway of air Homeostatic Imbalances Hiccups Apnea Dyspnea Hypoxia Chronic bronchitis Asthma Major Organs of the Respiratory System
