Download Weimer Republic and Rise of Nazis timeline 1914 Aug 1, World War

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Weimer Republic and Rise of Nazis timeline
1914 Aug 1, World War I breaks out.
 Aug 2, Hitler receives permission to enlist; joins the 16th Reserve Infantry Regiment in Munich
 Oct 30, Hitler transferred to regimental staff as runner.
 Nov 1, Hitler promoted to Gefreiter (senior private or corporal).
1917 Apr 14 Government announces reduction in bread rations.
 April 15, 200,000 Socialists and Communists stage major strikes in Germany
 July 13 Dr. Georg Michaelis replaces Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg as Chancellor of Germany.
 Oct 31, Michaelis resigns, replaced by Count Georg von Hertling
1918 Jan 8, Proclamation of the '14 points'
 Mar 3, Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
 Mar German spring offensive.
 Mar 7, Anton Drexler organized a branch of German Workers’ Peace in Munich.
 Jul 17, Hitler saves life of 9th Company Commander
 Aug 4, Hitler awarded Iron Cross 1st Class.
 Sep 29, Allied forces scored a decisive breakthrough of the Hindenburg Line during World War I.
 Oct 13, Hitler gassed near Ypres.
 Oct 4 Prince Maximilian of Baden replaces Count Georg von Hertling as Chancellor of Germany
 Oct 7- Nov 3 Naval mutinies (see German Revolution)
 Oct 20, Germany aimed at an armistice and agreed to further concessions.
 Oct 23, President Wilson agreed to transmit their request for an armistice to the Allies.
 Oct 26, General Ludendorff, resigned, protesting the terms to which the German Government had agreed in negotiating armistice.
 Oct 29, Mutiny of the German fleet at Kiel.
Nov 7, 100,000 workers march on the Royal House of Wittelsbach. The King of Bavaria flees.
 Nov 8, All 22 of Germany’s lesser kings, princes, grand dukes, and ruling dukes had been deposed.
 Nov 9, Emil Eichhorn, radical leftist of the Independent Socialists, led an armed mob; seized the HQ of Berlin
 Nov 9, Proclamation of Republic by Scheidemann, some hours later: proclamation of Socialist Republic by Karl Liebknecht;
also: Matthias Erzberger arrives at Allied HQ at Compiegne.
o Kaiser Wilhelm abdication.
o Social Democrats demand government from Prince Max.
o Friedrich Ebert assumes the chancellery.
 Nov 10, Retired German Kaiser Wilhelm II fled to the Netherlands.
 Nov 11, First World War ended.
 Nov 14, The Grand Duchy of Baden ceased to exist and became a republic.
 Nov 17, German troops evacuated Brussels.
 Nov 19, Hitler discharged from hospital at Pasewalk.
 Nov 21, The last German troops left Alsace-Lorraine, France.
 Nov 21, 2 German ammunition trains exploded in Hamont, Belgium and 1,750 died.
Dec 1, An American army of occupation entered Germany.
 Dec 3, The Allied Conference ended in London; Germany was required to pay to full limits for the war.
 Dec 7, Spartacists called for a German revolution.
 Dec 9, French troops occupied Mainz.
 Dec 10, U.S. troops were called to guard Berlin as a coup was feared.
 Dec 13, US army of occupation crossed the Rhine and entered Germany.
 Mid Dec First Freikorps unit formed; Maercker Volunteer Rifles.
 Dec 23, Lt. Dorrenbach with Volksmarine Division declare gov. under arrest, surround chancellory and occupy phone exchange.
 Dec 24, Battle of the Schloss
 Dec 25, Revolt erupted in Berlin
 Dec 30, Spartakusbund splits from the Independent Socialists (later becomes the Communist Party).
1919 Jan 1919 Independent Socialists & Spartacusbund stage large protests. Large sections of Berlin seized.
 "Free Workers' Committee for a fair Peace" renamed German Workers Party.
 Jan 5, The National Socialist Party (Nazi) formed.
 Jan 10, Battle of Berlin begins; Counter-revolution
 Jan 13, Battle of Berlin finished.
 Jan Bremen seized. Also: German Gov. moved to the city of Weimar.
Feb 4, City of Bremen's Soviet Republic was overthrown.
 Feb 6, Fritz Ebert opens the Reichstag in Weimar, Germany.
 Feb 8, Lithuanian and German military forces forced the Bolsheviks from Kedainiai.
 Feb 11, Friedrich Ebert (SPD) leaves office. Also: Philipp Scheidemann appointed chancellor.
 Feb 17, Germany signed an armistice giving up territory in Poland.
 Feb 21, Kurt Eisner assassinated. Also: Attempted assassination of Erhard Auer.
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Mar 3, Communist Party in Germany announced a general strike.
 Mar 3, 2nd Battle for Berlin; Communists seize Berlin; Weimar gov appoints Gustav Noske as German defense minister.
 Mar 7, Communist Strike Committee withdraws proclamation and makes peace overtures to government.
 Mar 10, Gustav Noske orders Peoples’ Naval Division disbanded. Battle for Berlin over.
 Mar 11, A general strike in Germany was crushed.
 March Hitler finishes job of guarding Russian prisoners.
Apr 6-7, Bavaria declared a Soviet Republic.
 Apr 14, Freikorps suppress Communists in Dresden.
 Apr 16, "Battle" of the Bavarian government troops at Dachau. Communists defeat republican forces.
 Apr 18, Freikorps suppress Communists in Brunswick. Also:
 Apr 27, Battle for Munich between Communists and Freikorps units.
 Apr 29, German representatives arrive in Paris.
May 1, Communist defences at Munich breached.
 May 2, City of Munich taken; not declared secure until May 6; approximately 1200 Communists killed.
 May10, Freikorps suppress communists in Leipzig.
June 18, Germany given ultimatum to sign Treaty of Versailles
 Jun 20, Treaty of Versailles: Germany ended the incorporation of Austria. [see Jun 28]
 June 21, Philipp Scheidemann (SPD) leaves office
 June 22, German Reichstag ratify the Versailles Treaty.
 June 29, Versailles Treaty signed in the Hall of Mirrors.
Jul 4, The ADGB (Allgemeine Deutsche Gewerkschaftsbund) party was formed.
 Jul 31, Germany's Weimar Constitution was adopted by the republic's National Assembly.
 Aug 11, The Weimar Constitution is announced.
 Sep 11, Hitler sent as Vertrauensmann to infiltrate the German Worker’s Party (DAP).
 Sep 12, Adolf Hitler joined the German Worker's Party.
1920 Jan The DAP grew to 190 members.
 Jan 14, Berlin was placed under martial law as 40,000 radicals rushed the Reichstag; 42 are dead and 105 are wounded.
 Jan 23, The Dutch government refused demands from the victorious Allies to hand over the ex-Kaiser of Germany.
Feb 3, The Allies demanded that 890 German military leaders stand trial for war crimes.
 Feb 4, Allies demand 900 Germans be handed over for war crimes.
 Feb 12, The last German forces withdrew from Klaipeda as French and English naval forces arrived.
 Feb 16, The Allies accepted Berlin’s offer to try World War I war criminals in Leipzig’s Supreme Court.
 Feb 20, DAP changes name to National Socialist German Workers’ Party.
 Feb Inter-Allied Control Commission order 2/3 of Freikorps disbanded.
 Feb 24, First public meeting of the NSDAP.
Mar 13-17, Kapp Putsch
 Mar 14, Communists seize demilitarized Ruhr; Dortmund, Remschied, Hagen, Mülheim, Düsseldorf; 300 people killed ).
 Mar 27, Gustav Bauer (SPD) leaves office
 Mar 31, Hitler mustered out of the military.
Apr 1, Germany's Workers Party changed its name to Nationalist Socialist German Worker's Party (Nazis).
 Apr 3, Freikorps units, under command of Gen Baron von Watter, annihilate Ruhr Communist uprisings; thousands killed.
 April Government stops paying Freikorps units.
 May 10, Dr. Joseph Wirth and Walter Rathenau announce their "Policy of Fulfillment"; not received well by nationalist groups.
 June 21, Hermann Mueller (SPD) leaves office
 Aug 11, National Disarmament Law takes effect; disbanded civil guards
 Dec 17, NSDAP buys its first paper, the Voelkischer Beobachter.
 Dec NSDAP total party membership comes to 2000.
 Ernst Juenger (Jünger) published his first book "In Storms of Steel."
1921 Mar 1, The Allies rejected a $7.5 billion reparations offer in London. German delegations decided to quit all talks.
 Mar 8, French troops occupied Dusseldorf.
 Mar 21, Plebiscite in Upper Silesia. They vote to remain part of Germany.
 March, Allied Plebiscite Commission rejects vote, draws boundary anyway; takes section of mines, mills and furnaces and 350,000
Germans and puts them under Polish rule.
 Mar 25, Simone Signoret, (Casque d'Or, Room at the Top), was born in Wiesbaden, Germany.
 Mar, Communist rebellions were put down in Saxony and Hamburg.
 Apr 27, Reparations bill set at 132 billion gold marks.
May 3, Polish forces under Wojciech Korfantry invade Upper Silesia.
 May 5, London Ultimatum which set the total sum of the war indemnity at 132 billion marks.
 May 10, Konstantin Fehrenbach (Center) leaves office
 May 23, German Supreme Court began a series of 9 trials for German WWI war criminals.
 May 23, German Freikorps smash Polish forces at St. Annaberg.
 May 24, Under Allied pressure, all Freikorps units outlawed.
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 May 30, Salzburg, Austria, voted to join Germany.
July 11, Hitler resigns from the party to force the hand of Anton Drexler not to unite with the DSP.
 July 25, Hitler rejoins the party.
 July 29, Hitler assumes leadership of the NSDAP. He becomes "Der Fuehrer".
 Aug 25, United States, which never ratified the Versailles Treaty ending World War I, finally signed a peace treaty with Germany.
 Aug 26, Matthias Erzberger, (finance minister of 1920) gunned down by OC killers
 Sep 11, Hitler and SA disrupt speech by Otto Ballestedt of the Bayernbund; beaten badly; Hitler with others arrested.
 Oct 26, Dr. Joseph Wirth (Center) forms 2nd cabinet
 Sep, Germany made an initial reparations payment of $250 million.
1922 Jan 12 Adolf Hitler sentenced to three months.
 Mar 15, France was willing to accept raw material instead of currency for German reparations.
 Mar 20, President Harding ordered U.S. troops back from the Rhineland.
 Apr 16, A German-Russia treaty was signed in Italy. It recognized the Soviet Union.
 June 24, Hitler Incarcerated. Also: Walter Rathenau assassinated. Reichsmark (RM) was 272 to 1 American dollar
 July 27, Hitler released.
 July 670 reichsmarks = 1 US dollar
 Aug 2,000 reichsmarks = 1 US dollar
 Oct 27, Mussolini establishes his Fascist dictatorship in Italy.
 Oct 45,000 reichsmarks = 1 US dollar
 Nov 22, Dr. Wirth leaves office
 Nov 30, Hitler spoke to 50,000 national socialists (Nazis) in Munich.
 Nov 10,000 reichsmarks = 1 US dollar
 Dec 27, France occupies the Ruhr.
 Dec 30, 500,000 reichsmarks = 1 US dollar
 Hitler and Goring became friends and political allies because of their mutual hatred of the Versailles Treaty.
1923 Jan 10, The United States withdrew its last troops from Germany.
 Jan 11, The French entered Essen in the Ruhr. They were there to extract Germany's resources as war payment.
 Jan 13, Hitler denounced the Weimar republic as 5,000 storm troopers demonstrated in Germany.
 Jan 28, The 1st "National Socialist German Workers Party" (NSDAP, aka NAZI) formed in Munich.
Feb 1923 Reichsbank buys back RM (or reichsmark); stabilizes RM at 20,000 to 1 US dollar
 Feb 4, French troops took Offenburg, Appenweier and Buhl in the Ruhr as a part of the agreement ending World War I.
 Feb 8, German NSDAP (Nazi Party) Volkischer Beobachter newspaper became a daily.
Mar 1, Allies occupied Ruhrgebied and killed a railroad striker.
 Mar 14, German Supreme Court prohibited the NSDAP (Nazi Party).
 Mar 20, Bavarian minister of Interior refused to forbid the Nazi SA.
 Mar 31, French soldiers fired on workers at Krupp factory in Essen; 13 died.
 Apr 10, Hitler demanded "hatred and more hatred" in Berlin.
 May 4, RM 40,000 = 1 US dollar
 May 27, Albert Leo Schlageter, a German freebooter and saboteur, was executed by a French firing squad in the Ruhr.
June 1, RM 70,000 =1 US dollar
 Jun 13, The French set a trade barrier between the occupied Ruhr and the rest of Germany.
 Jun 20, France announced it would seize the Rhineland to assist Germany in paying her war debts.
 Jun 24, Pope Pius XI spoke against allies occupying Ruhrgebied.
 June 30, RM 150,000 = 1 US dollar
Aug 1-Aug 7, RM 3,500,000 = 1 US Dollar
 Aug 13, Dr. Wilhelm Cuno (No party affiliation) Leaves office
 Aug 15, RM 4,000,000 = 1 US Dollar
 Sep 1, RM 10,000,000 = 1 US Dollar
 Around Sep 10 to Sep 25, 1923 Prices reportedly rise hourly in several German cities.
 Sep 24, Chancellor Stresemann ends the passive resistance in the Ruhr; infuriates the nationalists.
 Sep 30, Major Fedor von Bock crushes a coup attempt by the Black Reichswehr. Also: RM 60,000,000 = 1 US Dollar
Oct 6, Dr. Gustav Stresemann (People’s) forms 2nd cabinet
 Oct 20, General Alfred Mueller marches on Saxony to prevent a communist takeover. Also: General Otto von Lossow in Bavaria is
relieved of command by Berlin; he refuses.
 Oct 23, Communist takeover of Hamburg
 Oct 25, Hamburg uprising suppressed
Nov 2, Bloody street fights took place in Aachen. The pro-French separatists were driven out.
 Nov 6, European inflation soared and one loaf of bread in Berlin was reported to be worth about 140 Billion German Marks.
 Nov 8, Beer Hall Putsch
 Nov 9, Beer Hall Putsch quelled.
 Nov 12, Adolf Hitler was arrested for his Nov 8 attempted German coup.
 Nov 12, 1923 Dr. Hjalmar Horace Greeley Schacht was named ‘’Reichswaehrungskommissar’’.
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 Nov 15, 1923 Rentenmark issued; pegged to the Gold Standard; Rentenmark 4.2 = 1 US dollar
 Old Reichsmark 4,200,000,000 = 1 US dollar
 Nov 23, German army commander Gen. Von Seeckt banned the NSDAP & KPD.
 Nov 29, International commission headed by American banker Charles Dawes was set up to investigate the German economy.
 Nov 30, 1923 Dr. Stresemann leaves office.
1924 Feb 26, A trial against Hitler began in Munich.
 Mar 1, Germany's prohibition of Communist Party (KPD) was lifted.
 Mar 3, German and Turkish friendship and trade treaty was signed.
 Mar 13, The Reichstag was dissolved for the fifth time in German history.
 Apr 1, Adolf Hitler was sentenced to five years for "Beer Hall Putsch." Ludendorff was acquitted
 Apr 9, Dawes Plan revises reparations schedule.
 May 4, Fascists and communists gained power in the German Republic elections.
 May 26, German government of Marx resigned.
 June 3, Dr. Wilhelm Marx (Center) forms 2nd cabinet
 Jun 6, The German Reichstag accepted the Dawes Plan, an American plan to help Germany pay off its war debts.
 Aug 16, Conference about German recovery payments opened in London.
 Aug 29, Dawes Plan agreed by Reichstag.
 Dec 20, Hitler released from Landsberg Prison.
1925 Jan 4. Hitler begins his political comeback by meeting with new ministers and President of Bavaria.
 Jan 15, Dr. Marx leaves office.
 Feb 27, Nazi party refounded.; Hitler gives his first speech since release from prison.
 Feb 28, Reichspresident Friedrich Ebert dies.
 Apr 25, General Paul von Hindenburg took office as president of Germany.
 Jun 16, France accepted a German proposal for a security pact.
 July French and Belgian troops evacuate the Ruhr completely.
 Jul 18, Hitler published "Mein Kampf" (My Struggle).
 Sep 8, Germany was admitted into the League of Nations.
 Nov 9, German Nazis formed the SS (Schutzstaffel- elite special forces).
 Nov 22, Strasser wing of Nazi party goes into rebellion.
 Oct 16, Locarno Treaty signed
 Dec 1, After a seven year occupation, 7,000 British troops evacuated Cologne, Germany.
 Walter Gropius and the Bauhaus fled Weimar, Germany, for Dessau after conservative city officials halted financing.
1926 Jan 20, Dr. Hans Luther (No party affiliation) forms 2nd cabinet
 Feb 8, German Reichstag decided to apply for League of Nations membership.
 Feb 14, Bamberg conference begins.
 April 24, Germany and Soviet Union sign Berlin Treaty.
 May 12, Dr. Luther leaves office over flag dispute
 May 16, Marx cabinet of the Center, BVP, DDP, DVP.
 June 20, Referendum on expropriation of princely families.
 Jul 4, The NSDAP (Nazi) party formed in Weimar.
 Sep 8, The League of Nations admit Germany.
 Sep 10, Germany enters League of Nations
 Oct 18, Frankfurter Zeitung published Lenin's (d.1924) political testament.
 Dec Goebbels appointed Gauleiter of Berlin.
 Dec 10, Part 2 of Hitler's Mein Kampf was published.
 Dec 29, Germany and Italy signed an arbitration treaty.
 Walter Gropius built the Bauhaus in Dessau, Germany. It became a monument to the Int'l. style.
1927 Jan 29, Marx’s 3rd cabinet leaves office
 Mar 10, Prussia (Bavaria) lifted its Nazi ban, Hitler was allowed to speak in public.
 Mar 19, Bloody battles between Communists & Nazis took place in Berlin.
 May Hitler speaking ban lifted in Bavaria.
 May 1, Adolf Hitler held the first Nazi meeting in Berlin.
 May 13, "Black Friday" on Berlin Stock Exchange.
 July 16, Unemployment Insurance Law passed.
 Aug 27, Germany sighns Kellogg Pact.
 Sep 29. 'First Armament Programme' approved.
1928 Jan 29, Lithuania and Germany signed a boundary agreement that established the Nemunas River as a border up to Klaipeda.
 Mar 5, Hitler's National Socialists won the majority vote in Bavaria.
 March 20, NSDAP gains 2.6% of the vote in Reichstag elections.
 May Hitler speaking ban lifted in Bavaria.
 June 29, Marx’s 4th cabinet leaves office
 Sep 28, Prussia forbade a speech by Adolf Hitler.
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 Oct 20, Alfred Hugenberg becomes head of DNVP
 Dec 8, Prelate Kaas becomes head of Center party.
1929 Jan 6, Himmler appointed head of SS.
 Feb 6, Germany accepted Kellogg-Briand pact.
 May 1, Police killed 19 Mayday demonstrators in Berlin.
 June 7, Young Plan resets reparations amount, and allows it to be paid in installations over a period of 58.5 years.
 Jun 27, Pres. Von Hindenburg refused to pay the German debt of WW I.
 Aug 4, Some 60,000 SA and SS storm troopers marched in Munich.
 Sep 22, Communist and Nazi factions clashed in Berlin.
 Oct 3, Foreign minister Gustav Stresemann dies.
 Oct 16, Liberty Law campaign officially begins.
 Oct 24, Black Thursday stock market crash, start of world economic collapse.
 Dec 22, Liberty Law referendum to reject Young Plan fails.
1930 Feb 23, Horst Wessel (22), German Nazi brawler (wrote lyrics for "Die Fahne Hoch," the Horst Wessel Song), was killed.
 March 30, Hermann Mueller’s (SPD) 2nd cabinet leaves office
 June 30, French troops leave the Rhineland ahead of schedule.
 July 16, Reichstag dissolved; first emergency decree by Reichspresident.
 Aug SA commander in Berlin Walter Stennes calls for SA general strike against Nazi Party.
 Sep 14, Nazis took 107 seats in German elections.
 Sep Hitler at trial of 3 SA Lieutenants disavows the SA goals of replacing the army and hence appeases the army.
 Oct 13, New German Reichstag opened with 107 Nazi Party members in uniform.
 Dec 12, Last Allied troops left the Saar.
 William L Shirer succeeded George Seldes as the Berlin correspondent for the Chicago Tribune.
1931 May 11, Austrian Kreditanstalt collapses
 May Four million unemployed in Germany.
 June 20, Herbert Hoover puts moratorium on reparations.
 July 13, German bank crisis.
 Aug 9, Two Berlin police officers were shot and killed during a Communist demonstration.
 Sep 17 Geli Raubal, Hitler’s niece, died in Hitler’s apartment. It was a probable suicide and Hitler’s pistol was used.
 Oct 11, Some 100,000 extreme right Germans formed the "Harzburger Front."
 Dec 7, A report indicated that Nazis would ensure "Nordic dominance" by sterilizing certain races.
 Dec 8, Bruning introduces austerity measures and cuts wages.
1932 Feb 25, German state government of Brunswick, gave Hitler German citizenship.
 Mar 13, Hindenburg won 49.6% of vote in the German presidential election, Hitler won 30.1%.
 Mar 17, German police raided Hitler's Nazi headquarters
 Mar 20, The German dirigible, Graf Zepplin, made the first flight to South America on regular schedule.
 April 10, Paul von Hindenburg reelected President of Germany.
 Apr 14, Germany’s Pres. Hindenburg signed a decree outlawing Nazi SA and SS.
 Apr 24, In German national elections the NSDAP/NAZI won 36.3% in Prussia.
 May 30, Henrich Bruening (Center) leaves office.
June 1, Franz von Papen cabinet
 Jun 3, Von Hindenburg disbanded the German Parliament.
 Jun 16, The ban on Nazi storm troopers was lifted by the von Papen government in Germany.
 June 16 - July 9, Lausanne conference, suspends reparations.
July 20, Von Papen dissolves Prussian government.
 July 31, Reichstag elections where Nazi party becomes the largest party.
 Aug 13, Hitler refused Hindenburg’s offer to serve as Von Papen's vice chancellor, was prepared to hold out "for all or nothing."
 Aug 30, Nazi leader Hermann Goering was elected president of the Reichstag.
 Sep 4, Papen work creation program launched.
 Sep 12, Reichstag under the new chairmanship of Goring gave vote of no confidence to Franz von Papen and his government.
Nov 1, Werner von Braun was named head of German liquid-fuel rocket program.
 Nov 6, Reichstag elections; Nazis lose votes.
 Nov 17, Franz von Papen (Center) leaves office
 Nov 19, Shaft and Thyssen demanded that Hitler become German chancellor.
Dec Gregor and Otto Strasser split with Hitler and leave party.
 Dec 2, Hindenburg appointed Gen. Schleicher as Chancellor.
 Dec 3, Kurt von Schleicher cabinet
 Thuringia was the first German state to elect a Nazi government.
 There was a transport workers’ strike in Berlin in which Communists collaborated with Nazis against Weimar Republic.
1933 Jan Unemployment reaches its highest point.
 Jan 28 Kurt von Schleicher (no party affiliation) leaves office
 Jan 30, Adolf Hitler is sworn in as Chancellor of Germany.
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Feb 1, German Parliament was dissolved and Gen. Ludendorf predicted catastrophe.
 Feb 2, Adolf Hitler dissolved Parliament 2 days after becoming chancellor.
 Feb 2, Reichstag President Herman Goring banned communist meetings and demonstrations in Germany
 Feb 4, German Pres. Von Hindenburg limited freedom of the press.
 Feb 6, Adolf Hitler's Third Reich began to press censorship.
 Feb 7, At a Social-Democrat meeting in Berlin thousands cheered as Marxism was pronounced dead.
 Feb 19, Herman Goring, Nazi Prussian minister, banned all Catholic newspapers.
 Feb 22, Nazi Herman Goring formed SA/SS-police.
 Feb 24, Final demonstration of German communist party in Berlin took place.
 Feb 27, Reichstag, fire.
 Feb 28, Law for the Protection of People and State ("Reichstag Fire Decree"): civil liberties suspended.
 Feb 28, Hitler disallowed the German communist party (KPD).
Mar 3, German Presidential candidate Earnest Thälmann (KPD) was arrested.
 Mar 5, Nazi Party won 44 percent of vote, enabling it to join with Nationalists to gain a slender majority in the Reichstag.
 Mar 12, Hindenburg dropped flag of German Republic and ordered that the swastika and empire banner be flown side by side.
 Mar 12 First Concentration Camp opened at Oranienburg outside Berlin.
 Mar 13, Josef Goebbels became Nazi minister of Information and Propaganda.
 Mar 16, Shacht appointed president of Bank of Germany.
 Mar 21, Hitler, Goering, Prince Ruprecht, Bruning and other top army commanders met in Berlin.
 Mar 21, Special Court established for political crimes.
 Mar 23, Kroll Opera in Berlin opened.
 Mar 23, Reichstag adopted Enabling Act, granted Adolf Hitler dictatorial legislative powers, i.e. power to rule by decree.
 Mar 28, Nazis ordered a ban on all Jews in businesses, professions and schools.
Apr 1, Nazi Germany began persecuting Jews with a boycott of Jewish-owned businesses.
 Apr 1, Heinrich Himmler became Police Commander of Germany (Reichsfuhrer-SS).
 Apr 7, Nazi governors appointed to rule the German states. End of federalism.
 Apr 7, The 1st two Nazi anti-Jewish laws barred Jews from legal and public service.
 Apr 7, Hanussen, Berlin astrologer, illusionist, was murdered.
 Apr 11, Hermann Goering became premier of Prussia.
 Apr 26, German Secret State Police (Gestapo) was established.
 Apr 26, Jewish students were barred from school in Germany.
May 1, New membership of party suspended.
 May 2, Hitler banned trade unions.
 May 10, The Nazis staged massive public book burnings at Opernplatz in Berlin, Germany.
 May 15, Reich hereditary farm law.
 May 17, Hitler's peace speech.
 May 19, Reich Labour trusteees appointed.
 May 23, Hitler visits Kiel Harbor to see the fleet.
 Jun 1, Law for the reduction of Unemployment.
 June 9, SD established.
 Jun 22, Germany became a one political party country as Hitler banned parties other than the Nazis.
Jul 1, German Nazi regime decreed married women should not work.
 Jul 6, At a gathering of high-ranking Nazi officials, Hitler declares the success of the National Socialist, or Nazi, revolution.
 Jul 14, All German political parties except the Nazi Party were outlawed.
 Jul 14, Nazi Germany promulgated Law for the Protection of Hereditary Health.
 Jul 20, Reichskonkordat signed with Holy See. Violations by Germany begin immediately.
 Aug 1, The death penalty was declared for anti fascists in Germany.
 Sep 21, The trial against Marinus der Lubbe opened. He was accused of starting Reichstag fire.
Oct 14, Germany withdraws from the Disarmament Conference at Geneva, Switzerland.
 Oct 17, Einstein renounced his German citizenship and fled to the US.
 Oct 21, Hitler withdraws Germany from the League of Nations.
 Oct, Police records later revealed that 26,000 communists, Social Democrats, and other Reich skeptics had been arrested.
 Nov 12, In Germany 92% of votes went to National Socialists in the First Reichstag elections in the one-party state.
 Dec 1, Rudolf Hess and Earnest Roehm became ministers in Hitler govt.
 Dec 23, Marinus van der Lubbe was sentenced to death for Reichstag "Fire."
 Dec 23, The Pope condemned the Nazi sterilization program.
 British intelligence agents discovered that the Nazis were defying a ban on weapons imposed at Versailles.
1934 Jan 7, Six-thousand pastors in Berlin defied the Nazis insisting that they will not be muzzled.
 Jan 10, Marinus van der Lubbe (24), was executed in Berlin. He had been convicted of torching the Reichstag
 Jan 11, The German police raided the homes of dissident clergy in Berlin.
 Jan 26, Germany signed a 10-year non-aggression pact with Poland, breaking the French alliance system.
 Feb 2, Alfred Rosenberg was made philosophical chief of the Nazi Party.
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Apr 6, 418 Lutheran ministers were arrested in Germany.
Apr 11, Pact of the Deutschland: Hitler persuades the top officials of the army and navy to back his bid to succeed Hindenburg as
president, by promising to "diminish" the SA and greatly expand the regular army and navy.
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Apr 18, Hitler named Joachim von Ribbentrop, ambassador for disarmament.
 Apr 22, Heydrich the head of the Gestapo
May 2, Nazi Germany began "People's court."
 May 2, Chancellery meeting took place between Adolph Hitler and General Motors Corp. and its German division (Opel).
 May 5 The 1932 non-aggression pact betwen the Soviet Union and Poland is extended to the end of 1945.
 May 16, German officer corps endorses Hitler to succeed the ailing President Hindenburg.
 Jun 28, Hitler flew to Essen.
 Jun 30, (Night of Long Knifes) Adolf Hitler began his "blood purge" of political and military leaders in Germany.
 Jul 9, Himmler assumed command of German Concentration Camps.
Aug 2, Hindenburg dies. Hitler announced a law that made him Reichsfuhrer,
 Aug 3, Army swear oath to Hitler.
 Aug 19, Hitler combines the offices of president and chancellor and assumes the title of Führer.
 Sep 5, In Nuremberg, Alex Izso proclaims the advent of a Thousand Year Reich.
 Sep 16, Anti-Nazi Lutherans staged a protest in Munich.
 Oct 1, Adolph Hitler expanded the German army and navy and created an air force, violating Treaty of Versailles.
 Nov 26, German theologian Karl Barth surrendered to Nazis.
 Nov 28, Churchill made a speech in Parliament and warned of German aircraft bombing London.
 The German propaganda documentary film "Triumph of the Will" was made by Leni Riefenstahl.
1935 Jan 13 In a plebiscite, the Saar region decides to unite with Germany.
 Feb 26, Germany began Luftwaffe operations under Reichsmarshal H. Goering.
Mar 1, Return of the Saar Basin to the Reich.
 Mar 1, Germany officially established the Luftwaffe.
 Mar 7, Saar was incorporated into Germany.
 Mar 9, Hermann Goering announced the existence of the German Luftwaffe (air force).
 Mar 15, Joseph Goebbels, German Minister of Propaganda banned four Berlin newspapers.
 Mar 16, Adolf Hitler ordered a German rearmament in violation of the Versailles Treaty.
 Mar 17, Hitler reviewed the military parade in Berlin.
 Mar 23, France, Italy and Britain agreed to present a unified front in response to Germany.
 Mar 25, Hitler declared that the Soviets endangered peace in Europe.
 Mar 30, Britain and Russia agreed on treaties intended to curb the power of the Reich.
Apr 11, Stresa front meeting, British, French and Italians
 Apr 12, Germany prohibited the publishing of "not-Aryan" writers.
 May 21, Hitler gave another peace speech at Reichstag.
 May 22, Stanley Baldwin, Britain’s former PM, admitted that his estimation of Germany’s Luftwaffe strength was wrong.
 May 25 Adolf Hitler agrees to not intevene in Austria or add Austria to the German Reich.
 June 18 Anglo-German Naval Agreement is signed, limiting the German surface fleet
 Jul 13, Richard Strauss resigned as chairman of the Nazi Reichskulturkammer.
 Aug 11, There was a Nazi mass demonstration against German Jews.
 Sep 15, The Nuremberg Laws
 Oct 3, Mussolini invades Abyssinia.
 Oct 7, Himmler, Hess and Reinhard Heydrich agreed to build a concentration camp at Dachau.
Nov 14, Reich citizenship law.
 Nov 28, The German Reich declared all men ages 18 to 45 as army reservists.
 Nov 30, Non-belief in Nazism was proclaimed grounds for divorce in Germany.
1936 Jan 2, Nazi officials claimed that their treatment of the Jews was not any of the League of Nation's business.
 Feb 6, Adolf Hitler opened the Fourth Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.
 Feb 10 Gestapo is placed above German Law.
 Feb 11, The Reich arrested 150 Catholic youth leaders in Berlin.
Mar 7, German troops to march into Rhineland.
 Mar 9, The German press warned that all Jews who voted in the upcoming elections would be arrested.
 Mar 14, Hitler told a crowd of 300,000 that Germany's only judge is God and itself.
 Mar 29, Nazi propaganda claimed 99% of Germans voted for Nazi candidates.
 Jun 16, All German police placed under Himmler.
 Jun 19, Max Schmeling of Germany knocked out Joe Louis in their first fight in NYC.
 Jul 4, The Reich Government decided to build a separate plant for the new Volkswagen, the Volkswagenwerk.
 July 16,Spanish civil war starts.
 Aug 1, The 11th Olympic games, dubbed "The Nazi Games," opened in Berlin
 Aug 5, Jesse Owens won his 3rd Olympic medal (200m sprint) at the Berlin Olympics.
 Aug 16, The 11th Olympic games closed in Berlin.
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 Sep 21, The German army held its largest maneuvers since 1914.
 Oct 19, Goring becomes head of Four Year Plan.
Nov 1, Mussolini described alliance between his country and Nazi Germany as an "axis" running between Rome and Berlin
 Nov 15, Nazi Germany and Japan signed the Anti-Komintern pact.
 Nov 16, German Luftwaffe began bombing Madrid.
 Nov 18, Germany and Italy recognized the Spanish government of Francisco Franco.
 Nov 23 Germany signs an Anti-Comintern Pact with Japan,
 Nov 27, Great Britain’s Anthony Eden warned Hitler that Britain would fight to protect Belgium.
 German documentary film "Olympia" was made by Leni Riefenstahl.
 The 76,000 seat Berlin Olympic Stadium was designed by Albert Speer.
1937 Mar 14, The encyclical "With Burning Sorrow" was smuggled into Germany.
 Apr 26, German Condor Legion--sent to Spain
 Apr 27, German bombers of the Condor Legion conducted follow up raids at Guernica, Spain. [see Apr 26]
 May 31, German battleships shelled Almeria, Spain.
 June 29 Canada's Prime Minister William King meets with German chancellor Adolf Hitler in Berlin.
 Jul 1, Rev. Martin Niemoeller (Bekennende Kirche) was arrested in Germany.
 Aug 1, Buchenwald concentration camp became operational.
 Sep 15, Chamberlain flew to Germany to discuss the future of Czechoslovakia with Adolf Hitler.
 Sep 25, Hitler met with Mussolini in Munich.
 Oct 13 German Government pledges to respect the neutrality and territorial integrity of Belgium.
 Nov 5, Hossbach conference, Hitler told his military advisors of his intentions of going to war.
 Nov 06 Italy signs the Anti-Cominterm Pact, joining Germany and Japan.
 Nov 17, Britain's Lord Halifax visited Germany and marked the beginning of appeasement.
 Dec 21 German General Staff's strategy plan, Plan Green, is completed, anticipating an aggressive war with Czechoslovakia.
 Dr. Ferdinand Sauerbruch, Hitler’s personal physician, said that Hitler was showing signs of growing megalomania and "was a
border case between genius and insanity… (potentially) the craziest criminal the world ever saw."
 Mercedes- Benz developed an all-wheel-drive car, largely for military purposes.
1938 Jan, Blomberg marriage scandal.
 Jan 25, Fritsch scandal forced to resign,
 Feb 4, Hitler seized control of German army and put Nazis in key posts.
 Feb 11 Austrian Chancellor Schuschnigg meets with Adolf Hitler in Berchtesgaden, Bavaria.
 Feb 20, Hitler demanded self-determination for Germans in Austria and Czechoslovakia.
Mar 9, Schuschnigg calls for public vote to decide if the country should remain independent, or join Germany.
 March 10 Hitler orders a plan for the military occupation of Austria.
 March 11 Hitler issues Directive No. 1 for occupation of Austria and Directive No. 2 for bloodless invasion of Austria.
 Austrian Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg resigns.
 Mar 12, Germany announces "Anschluss" (Union) with Austria, as German forces cross the border.
 Mar 26, Herman Goering warned all Jews to leave Austria.
 March 26 An order is issued that forces all Jews to declare fortunes above 5.000 Reichsmarks.
May 3, The concentration camp at Flossenburg opened.
 May 20 Czechoslovakia begins to mobilise its armed forces.
 May 26, Hitler launches Volkswagan project.
 May 30 Adolf Hitler issues a directive for Fall Grün (Case Green), for the occupation of Czechoslovakia.
Jun 3, The German Reich voted to confiscate so-called "degenerate art."
 Jun 22, Joe Louis knocked out Max Schmeling in the first round of rematch at Yankee Stadium.
 July 6, Delegates from thirty-two countries met for 9 days in France to discuss Jewish refugees from Germany and Austria.
 Jul 22, The Third Reich issued special identity cards for Jewish Germans.
Sep 12, Hitler demanded self-determination for the Sudeten Germans in Czechoslovakia.
 Sep 15, There was a conference at Berchtesgaden between Adolf Hitler and British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain.
 Sep 21, Winston Churchill condemned Hitler's annexation of Czechoslovakia.
 Sep 26, Hitler issued his ultimatum to Czech government, demanding Sudetenland.
 Sep 27, Jewish lawyers were forbidden to practice in Germany.
 Sep 29, Munich Conference - British, French, German and Italian leaders signed the Munich Agreement,
Oct 1, Germany annexed Sudetenland (1/3 of Czech Republic).
 Oct 7, Germany demanded all Jewish passports stamped with letter J.
 Oct 10, Germany completed its annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland.
 Oct 14, Nazis planned Jewish ghettos for all major cities.
 Oct 21, Secret orders to "liquidate rump of Czechoslovakia"
Nov 1, German colonel-general Gerd von Runstedt retired.
 Nov 2, Germany gave southern Slovakia to Hungary.
 Nov 9, Maurice Bavaud (25), a Swiss theology student, failed in his attempt to shoot Hitler at a Nazi parade in Munich.
 Nov 9 murder of German diplomat Ernst vom Rath, by Herschel Grynszpan a French Jew in the German Embassy in Paris.
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 Nazi authorities orchestrate a nationwide pogrom against the Jews in Germany and Austria. Kristallnacht .
 Nov 10 Adolf Hitler set the press the task of preparing the german people for war.
 Nov 11, German and Austrian Jews suffered 1 billion Mark damage in Kristallnacht; Jews forced to wear Star of David.
 Nov 12, Hermann Goering announced he favored Madagascar as a Jewish homeland.
 Nov 21, Nazi forces occupied western Czechoslovakia and declared its people German citizens.
 Nov 28 Laws announced that prevent Jews from obtaining driving licences or visiting theatres, concerts and cinemas.
 Nov 30, Germany banned Jews from being lawyers.
 Dec 6, France and Germany signed a treaty of friendship.
1939 Jan 4, Hermann Goering appointed Reinhard Heydrich as head of Jewish Emigration.
 Jan 6 Naturwissenschaften publishes evidence that nuclear fission has been achieved by Otto Hahn.
 Jan 17, Reich issued an order forbidding Jews to practice as dentists, veterinarians and chemists.
 Jan 20, Hitler proclaimed to German parliament his intention to exterminate all European Jews.
 Jan 22, A Nazi order erased the old officer caste, tying the army directly to the Party.
 Jan 23 "Dutch War Scare": Admiral Canaris leaks misinformation Germany plans to invade the Netherlands in February,
 Jan 24 SS leader Reinhard Heydrich is ordered by Göring to speed up emigration of Jews.
 Jan 26 Spanish Civil War: Spanish Nationalist troops, aided by Italy, take Barcelona.
 In Paris, French Foreign Minister Bonnet, gives a speech highlighting his government's commitment to the cordon sanitaire.
 Jan 27 Hitler orders Plan Z, a 5-year naval expansion program
 Jan 30 Hitler gives a speech before Reichstag calling for an "export battle" to increase German foreign exchange holdings.
 The same speech also sees Hitler's "prophecy" where he warns that if "Jewish financers" start a war against Germany, the...result
will be the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe".
February 2 Hungary joins the Anti-Comintern Pact.
 Feb 6 Chamberlain states in Commons that any German attack on France will be automatically considered an attack on Britain.
 Feb 10 Spanish Nationalists complete their offensive in Catalonia.
 Feb 14, The Reich launched the battleship Bismarck.
 Feb 21 Nazis force Jews to hand over all gold and silver items.
 Feb 24, Hungary signed an anti-Communist pact with Italy, Germany and Japan.
 Feb 27 The United Kingdom and France recognize Franco's government.
March 13 Hitler advises Jozef Tiso to declare Slovakia's independence in order to prevent its partition by Hungary and Poland.
 Mar 14 Czech president Emil Hacha accepts Adolf Hitler making Bohemia-Moravia a German protectorate.
 Mar 15, Germany occupied Bohemia and Moravia, Czechoslovakia. Slovakia became independent
 Mar 16, Germany occupied the rest Czechoslovakia.
 March 16o Hungary invades Carpatho-Ukraine; final resistance ends on March 18.
 March 17 Chamberlain gives a speech in Birmingham, Britain will oppose any effort at world domination on the part of Germany.
 March 18 "Romanian War Scare": Romanian Minister in London, spreads false rumours Romania is on verge of a German attack.
 March 20 French Foreign Minister Bonnet suggests to Lord Halifax that state for saving Romania from a German attack is Poland.
 Mar 21, Nazi Germany demanded Gdansk (Danzig) from Poland.
 Mar 21, Ghandi called on the world to disarm, thinking that Hitler would follow.
 Mar 23 German troops occupy the city of Memel, on the border of East Prussia and Lithuania.
 March 23 – The Slovak-Hungarian War begins.
 March 28 – Dictator Francisco Franco assumes power in Madrid.
 Mar 31, Britain and France agreed to support Poland if Germany threatened to invade.
 Mar, In Slovakia Germany set up a puppet regime.
Apr 1 Franco declares the end of the Civil War in Spain.
 Apr 3 Hitler issues a directive to Army High Command for an attack on Poland, code named Fall Weiss (Case White),
 April 4 Slovak-Hungarian War ends with Slovakia ceding eastern territories to Hungary.
 Apr 5, Membership in Hitler Youth became obligatory.
 Apr 6 Britain and Poland sign a mutual-assistance pact.
 Apr 7 Mussolini, sends his troops into Albania
 April 11 Hungary leaves the League of Nations.
 April 13 Britain offers a "guarantee" to Romania and Greece.
 Apr 16, Stalin requested a British, French and Russian anti-Nazi pact.
 Apr 18, Franz von Papen became German ambassador in Turkey.
 Apr 19 Slovakia passes its own anti-Jewish version of the Nuremberg Laws.
 Apr 20, The Eagle’s Nest, near Berchtesgaden, was given to Adolf Hitler as a 50th birthday present.
 Apr 28, Hitler claimed the German-Polish non-attack treaty to be still in effect.
 Apr 30 Jews lose rights as tenants and are relocated into Jewish houses.
May 7, Germany and Italy announced a military and political alliance known as the Rome-Berlin Axis.
 May 9 Spain leaves the League of Nations.
 May 13, The SS St Louis departed Hamburg with some 937 passengers including over 900 Jewish refugees.
 May 17 British government issues the White Paper of 1939, sharply restricting Jewish immigration to the Palestine Mandate.
 o Sweden, Norway, and Finland refuse Germany's offer of non-aggression pacts.
10
 May 22 Germany and Italy sign the Pact of Steel.
 May 23, Hitler proclaimed he wants to move into Poland.
 May, Ravensbruck concentration camp opened in northern Germany.
 May 29 Albanian fascist leader Tefik Mborja is appointed as member of the Italian Chamber of Fasces and Corporations.
Jun 4, "Voyage of the Damned," the SS St. Louis, carrying 907 Jewish refugees from Germany, was turned away from the Florida
 Jun 16-20, Jewish refugees began to disembark the SS St. Louis back in Europe.
 Jun 28, Richard Meinertzhagen a British army colonel, met with Adolf Hitler to plead on behalf of the Jews in Germany.
July 4 German Jews denied the right to hold government jobs.
 July 4 The Neuengamme concentration camp becomes autonomous.
 Jul 6, Nazis closed the last Jewish enterprises.
 July 21 Adolf Eichmann is appointed director of the Prague Office of Jewish Emigration.
 July 23 Gandhi writes a personal letter to Adolf Hitler addressing him "My friend", requesting to prevent any possible war.
Aug 2 Einstein writes to Roosevelt about developing the atomic bomb using uranium.
 August 4 – Neville Chamberlain dismisses Parliament until October 3.
 Aug 12 Ciano meets Hitler at Berchtesgaden
 Aug 19 Germany and Russia sign a trade treaty. 14 German U-boats are sent to patrol the North Atlantic Ocean.
 Aug 20 Hitler sends personal letter to Stalin
 Aug 20 Zhukov deliver a decisive defeat to Japanese in the Japanese-Soviet border war in Inner Mongolia.
 Aug 21 German pocket-battleship Admiral Graf Spee slips through the North Sea, unobserved by the British. .
 Aug 22 Hitler authorizes the killing "without pity or mercy, all men, women and children of Polish descent or language."
 Aug 23, Ribbentrop and Molotov signed a Treaty of Non-Aggression,
 Aug 25 Polish-British Common Defense Pact against Germany is signed.
 Mussolini complains to Hitler that he is not yet ready for war.
 Aug 26 Hitler cancels the order for the invasion of Poland on this day. He sets a new date of the 1st Sep.
 Aug 26 Kriegsmarine orders all German-flagged merchant ships to head to German ports
 Aug 27, Nazi Germany demanded Danzig and Polish corridor.
 August 30 – Poland begins a mobilization against Nazi Germany.
 August 31 Incident faked on Polish border
Sep, 1, At 4:40 a.m., World War II began. The Germans attacked Poland
 Sep 1, Hitler ordered the extermination of mentally ill.
 Sep 1, US Sen. William Borah of Idaho said 'Lord, if only I could have talked to Hitler, all of this might have been avoided.'
o Norway, Finland, Sweden, and Switzerland declare their neutrality.
 Sep 2 Danzig annexed to Nazi Germany. Spain and Ireland declare their neutrality.
 Sep 3, British envoy Sir Neville Henderson delivered Britain’s final ultimatum to the Reich’s Foreign Ministry.
 Sep 3, Britain and France declared war on Germany, two days after the Nazi invasion of Poland.
 Sep 3, British passenger ship Athenia was sunk by a German submarine in the Atlantic, with 30 Americans among those killed.
 Sep 4, German troops stormed into Danzig (Gdansk).
 Sep 4, The Nazis marched into Czestochowa, Poland, two days after they invaded Poland.
 Sep 4, The Polish ghetto of Mir was exterminated.
 Sep 5, Czestochowa, Poland, 150 Jews were shot dead by the Germans. The day was remembered as “Bloody Monday.”
 Sep 5 United States declares its neutrality in the war.
 Sep 6 South Africa declares war on Germany.
 Sep 6, The 1st WW II German air attack on Great Britain took place.
 Sep 8, Gen. Von Reichenau's panzer division reached the suburbs of Warsaw.
 Sep 10 Canada declares war on Germany.
 Sep 15 Wehrmacht surround Warsaw and demand its surrender. The Poles refuse and the siege begins in earnest.
 Sep 16 A ceasefire ends undeclared Border War between The Soviet Union (and Mongolian allies) and Japan.
 Sep 17 The Soviet Union invades Poland and then occupies eastern Polish territories.
 Sep 19, Lord Haw-Haw became the radio host of Reichsrundfunk Berlin.
 Sep 19, Wehrmacht (German regular army) murdered 100 Jews in Lukov, Poland.
 Sep 19 Poznan pocket collapses,
 Sep 21, Reinhard Heydrich met in Berlin to discuss final solution of Jews
 Sep 22 Joint victory parade of Wehrmacht and Red Army in Brest-Litovsk at the end of the Invasion of Poland.
 Sep 28 Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union agree on a division of Poland after their invasion.

o Warsaw surrenders to Germany