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Biology
2013 Spring Exam Review
Per ____
1.
Name _____________
Date ______________
The symbol 1N is used to identify the number of chromosomes in
_________________________.
2.
If an organism’s diploid number is 16, what is its haploid number? ____________
3.
Compare gamete chromosomes to that of body cell chromosomes. ____________
__________________________________________________________________
4.
Which process produces gametes? ______________________________________
5.
Which process is occurring in Figure 11-16 on pg. 276? ____________________
6.
Compare the end results of mitosis and meiosis. ___________________________
__________________________________________________________________
7.
List the parts of a nucleotide found in DNA.
__________________________________________________________________
8.
DNA is copied during what process? ____________________________________
9.
Where is DNA found in eukaryotes? ____________________________________
10.
What is paired in DNA that allows DNA to be copied? _____________________
11.
How are RNA and DNA different?
__________________________________________________________________
12.
List the different types of RNA.
__________________________________________________________________
13.
What does the Principle of Complementary state?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
14.
List each nitrogen-containing base and it’s complementary pair.
__________________________________________________________________
15.
What is the nitrogen-containing base that is only found in RNA? _____________
16.
Define the following terms:
a. Transcription - __________________________________________________
b. Translation - ____________________________________________________
17.
Write the strand of DNA from which this mRNA strand was made.
a. CUCAAGUGCUUC
b. _______________________________________________________________
18.
What is the ultimate source of genetic variability? _________________________
19.
What type of chromosomes can you see in a karyotype.
__________________________________________________________________
20.
What is the approximate probability that a human offspring will be a
female? ___________ male? __________
21.
What combination of sex chromosomes represents a female? ________
male?
__________
22.
How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype? ___________
23.
Sex-linked chromosomes are located on the __________________ chromosome.
24.
What is the Human Genome Project?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
25.
Define the following terms:
a. Carrier - _______________________________________________________
b. Sex chromosomes - ______________________________________________
c. Autosomes - ____________________________________________________
26.
If the half-life of a radioisotope is 1,000 years, what portion of the radioisotope in
a specimen will be left after 2,000 years? ________________________________
27.
Define natural selection - _____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
28.
Describe survival of the fittest. _________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
29.
According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to
survive are those that have ____________________________________________
30.
What influenced Darwin’s concept of evolution?
__________________________________________________________________
31.
The number and location of bones in many fossil vertebrates is similar to living
vertebrates. How would biologist explain this fact?
__________________________________________________________________
32.
Organisms that have similar structures suggest that organisms have common
___________________________.
33.
Where does evidence that supports evolution come from? __________________
34.
Homologous structures are inherited from a common ______________________.
35.
Define evolution - __________________________________________________
36.
Darwin proposed that natural selection takes place when individuals best suited to
the environment _________________________ and _______________________.
37.
If an allele makes up one fourth of a population’s allele for a given trait, its
relative frequency is ________________________________________________.
38.
What are most heritable differences due to?
__________________________________________________________________
39.
Which of the following are ways in which natural selection affects the distribution
of phenotypes?
a. Directional selection
b. Stabilizing selection
c. Disruptive selection
d. Chance events
40.
A single-gene trait that has two alleles and that shows a simple dominantrecessive pattern will result in _______________________ phenotypes.
41.
What type of populations does genetic drift tend to occur in?
__________________________________________________________________
42.
Define gene pool - __________________________________________________
43.
Define mutation - ___________________________________________________
44.
What are the two main sources of genetic variation? _______________________
__________________________________________________________________
45.
Describe geographic isolation? ________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
46.
Define taxonomy - __________________________________________________
47.
Which kingdom was once grouped with plants? ___________________________
48.
What are the characteristics of a mammal? _______________________________
__________________________________________________________________
49.
Organisms with a common ancestry usually have similar ___________________.
50.
What domain contains unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments?
__________________________________________________________________
51.
What language is used for scientific names? ______________________________
52.
In taxonomy, classes are grouped into __________________________________.
53.
Similar species are grouped into _______________________________________.
54.
Define molecular clock - _____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
55.
Define binomial nomenclature - _______________________________________.
56.
What are the two smallest categories in Linnaeus’s system of classification?
__________________________________________________________________
57.
What is gram staining used to identify in cells? ___________________________
58.
List human uses for bacteria. __________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
59.
What are viruses made up of? _________________________________________
60.
How do bacteria cause disease? ________________________________________
61.
Bacteria that cause disease are called ___________________________________.
62.
How do viruses cause disease? ________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
63.
Define phytoplankton - ______________________________________________
64.
List products derived from algae. ______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
65.
How do fungus-like protests get nutrients? _______________________________
66.
List the characteristics of protests. _____________________________________
67.
Describe an algal bloom. _____________________________________________
68.
Define alternation of generations - _____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
69.
How is malaria spread? ______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
70.
What do protests in the phylum Sarcodina use for movement and feeding?
_________________________________________________________________
71.
Through what process do algae provide much of the Earth’s oxygen?
__________________________________________________________________
72.
Chlorophyll and accessory pigments allow algae to use the energy of
_______________________________ to carryout photosynthesis.
73.
List the characteristics of all fungi. _____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
74.
Describe mold. _____________________________________________________
75.
How is Penicillium useful to humans? ___________________________________
76.
How are fungi helpful to an ecosystem? _________________________________
77.
What causes ringworm? ______________________________________________
78.
Describe lichens. ___________________________________________________
79.
What causes bread to rise? ___________________________________________
80.
What type of carbohydrate makes up the cell walls for fungi? ________________
81.
Fungi break down complex organic matter by releasing digestive
____________________________________________________.
82.
What type of reproduction takes place when hyphae break off a fungus and begin
to grow? _________________________________________________________
83.
List the characteristics of plants. ______________________________________
84.
What source of energy do plants use to carry out photosynthesis?
_________________________________________________________________
85.
What is the difference between annuals and perennials?
__________________________________________________________________
86.
What anchors seed plants to the ground? _________________________________
87.
What is vascular tissue in plants made of? _______________________________
88.
What does the outer covering of a plant consist of? ________________________
89.
What tissue produces new plant cells? __________________________________
90.
How do oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse in and out of a leaf?
__________________________________________________________________
91.
Define tropisms - ___________________________________________________
92.
What causes a plant to bend toward the light? ____________________________