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ESTILL COUNTY CURRICULUM MAP
10th Grade Biology
WEEKS
2 WEEKS
ESSENTIAL
QUESTIONS
What are the four
characteristics of life?
TOPIC
Biology: The
Study of Life
What are the stages of the
scientific process?
What impact does
scientific research have
on the environment and
society?
What are the limitations
to science?
3 WEEKS
What is a biotic and
abiotic factor?
Ecology
What are the three types
of symbiotic
relationships?
What is an ecosystem?
How does energy flow in
ecosystems?
How do materials cycle in
ecosystems?
How do populations
grown and disperse?
How do populations
evolve?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Control
Hypothesis
Inference
Observation
Data
Experimental group
Scientific Method
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Constant
1.Relate the four characteristics of life to a
living organism.
2. Evaluate the impact of scientific research
on the environment and society.
3. Describe the stages common to scientific
investigations.
4. Distinguish between forming a
hypothesis and making a prediction.
5. Differentiate a control group from an
experimental group and an independent
variable from a dependent variable.
6. Distinguish between quantitative and
qualitative research.
7. Define the word theory as used by a
scientist.
8. Describe the limitations to science.
Ecosystems:
Symbiosis
Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism
10% rule
Matter
Carnivores
Herbivores
Decomposers
Food pyramid
Carrying capacity
Predation
Succession
Communities
Populations
Ecosystems
Diversity
Abiotic factor
Biotic factor
Biome
Biosphere
What is a habitat? What is
a niche?
1 WEEK
CONTENT
(Terminology)
Biology and You:
Ecology
1.Distinguish between biotic and abiotic
factors.
2. Distinguish habitat versus niche.
3. Distinguish the three types of symbiotic
relationships
4. Differentiate between a population,
community, and ecosystem.
5. Distinguish between producers and
consumers.
6. Compare food webs with food chains.
7. Describe why food chains are rarely
longer than three or four links.
8. Summarize the role of plants in the water
cycle.
9. Analyze the flow of energy through the
carbon cycle.
10. Identify the role of bacteria in the
nitrogen cycle.
11. Sequence the process of succession.
Populations:
Biomass
Food web
Climax community
Limiting Community
Primary Succession
Secondary Succession
Estuary
1. Distinguish among the three patterns of
dispersion in a population.
2. Contrast exponential growth and logistic
growth.
3. Differentiate r-strategists from kstrategists.
4. Summarize the Hardy-Weinberg
STANDARDS
ASSESSMENT
A.1.a-f
A.2.a-c
A.3.a-h
A.4.a-d
1. Class discussion
2. Daily work
3. Quiz
4. Lab
5. Exam
F.1.a-m
1. Class discussion
2. Daily work
3. Quiz
4. Lab
5. Exam
F.1.a-m
1. Class discussion
2. Daily work
3. Quiz
4. Lab
1
Extinction
Carrying capacity
Exponential growth
Logistic growth
3 WEEKS
What is the difference
between an atom and an
element?
The Life of a Cell
Chemistry of Life:
l
Atom
Nucleus
Proton
Nucleus
Neutron
Electron
Valence Electrons
Element
Isotope
Compound
Covalent & Ionic bonds
Ion
Chemical reactions
Products
Catalyst
Enzyme
Substrate
Active site
Polar molecule
Hydrogen bonds
Mixture
Solution
Solute
Acid
Base
pH
Buffer
Cell Structure:
How can you distinguish
an acid from a base?
What are the components
of DNA and RNA?
What is the function of
ATP?
3 WEEKS
What do scientists use to
visualize cells?
What are the three parts
of the cell theory?
Why do cells need to be
relatively small?
What are cell membranes
composed of?
What role does a nucleus
play in cellular activities?
Cell
Cell Theory
Plasma membrane
Organelle
Eukaryotic cell
Nucleus
Prokaryotic cells
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Cytoskeleton
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Vacuole
Lysosome
Centriole
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
principle.
5. Describe the five forces that cause
genetic change in a population.
6. Identify why selection against
unfavorable recessive alleles is slow.
7. Contrast directional and stabilizing
selection.
A.5.a-j
1. Class discussion
2. Daily work
3. Quiz
4. Lab
5. Group/Take
home Exam.
B.1.a-d
1. Class discussion
2. Daily work
3. Quiz
4. Lab
5. Exam
6. Group Work
1. Differentiate between atoms and
elements.
2. Analyze how compounds are formed.
3. Distinguish between covalent bonds,
hydrogen bonds, and ionic bonds.
4. Analyze the properties of water.
5. Describe how water dissolves substances.
6. Distinguish between acids and bases.
7. Summarize the characteristics of organic
compounds.
8. Compare the structures and function of
different types of biomolecules.
9. Describe the components of DNA and
RNA.
10. State the main role of ATP in cells.
11. Evaluate the importance of energy to
living things.
12. Relate energy and chemical reactions.
13. Describe the role of enzymes in
chemical reactions.
14. Identify the effect of enzymes on food
molecules.
1. Describe how scientists measure the
length of objects.
2. Relate magnification and resolution in
the use of microscopes.
3. Analyze how light microscopes function.
4. Compare light microscopes with electron
microscopes.
5. Describe the scanning tunneling
microscope.
6. List the three parts of the cell theory.
7. Determine why cells must be relatively
small.
8. Compare the structure of prokaryotic
cells with that of eukaryotic cells.
9. Describe the structure of cell membranes.
10. Describe the role of the nucleus in cell
activities.
11. Analyze the role of internal membranes
2
Cell Wall
Cilium
Flagellum
1 WEEK
How does passive
transport differ from
active transport?
Cells and Their
Environment:
Selective permeable
Phospholipid Bilayer
Transport protein
Fluid mosaic model
Diffusion
Osmosis
Dynamic equilibrium
Facilitated Diffusion
Isotonic solution
Hypertonic solution
Hypotonic solution
Active transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
2 WEEKS
How does the metabolism
of autotrophs compare
with that of heterotrophs?
What role does ATP play
in metabolism?
Where does
photosynthesis take place
in plants?
What three environmental
factors can affect the rate
of photosynthesis?
2 WEEKS
What is the difference
between a gene, a DNA
in protein production.
12. Summarize the importance of
mitochondria in eukaryotic cells.
13. Identify three structures in plant cells
that are absent from animal cells.
Chromosomes and Cell
Reproduction:
1. Class discussion
2. Daily work
3. Quiz
4. Lab
5. Exam
B.1.h-i
1. Class discussion
2. Daily work
3. Quiz
4. Lab
5. Exam
B.1.j
1. Class discussion
2. Daily work
1. Relate concentration gradients, diffusion,
and equilibrium.
2. Predict the direction of water movement
into and out of cells.
3. Describe the importance of ion channels
in passive transport.
4. Identify the role of carrier proteins in
facilitated diffusion.
5. Compare active transport with passive
transport.
6. Describe the importance of the sodiumpotassium pump.
7. Distinguish between endocytosis and
exocytosis.
8. Identify three ways that receptor proteins
can change the activity of a cell.
Photosynthesis and
Cellular Respiration:
Chloroplast
Chlorophyll
Thylakoid
Granum
Stroma
Stomata
Pigment
Light-Dependent Reaction
Light-Independent Rea.
NADP+
Calvin Cycle
Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Fermentations
B.1.e-g
1. Analyze the flow of energy through
living systems.
2. Compare the metabolism of autotrophs
with that of heterotrophs.
3. Describe the role of ATP in metabolism.
4. Describe how energy is released from
ATP.
5. Summarize how energy is captured from
sunlight in the first stage of photosynthesis.
6. Analyze the function of electron transport
chains in the second stage of
photosynthesis.
7. Relate the Calvin cycle to carbon
dioxide fixation in the third stage of
photosynthesis.
8. Identify three environmental factors that
affect the rate of photosynthesis.
9. Summarize how glucose is broken down
in the first stage of cellular respiration.
10. Describe how ATP is made in the
second stage of cellular respiration.
11. Identify the role of fermentation in the
second stage of cellular respiration.
12. Evaluate the importance of oxygen in
aerobic respiration.
3
molecule, a chromosome,
and a chromatid?
Cell cycle
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Chromosomes
Chromatin
Chromatid
Centromere
Centrosome
Prophase
Anaphase
Metaphase
Telophase
Cleavage Furrow
Cell Plate
Cancer
Tumor
How do haploid and
diploid cells differ?
What are the five phases
of the cell cycle?
What are the four stages
of mitosis?
2 WEEKS
What are the stages of
meiosis?
What is the difference
between asexual and
sexual reproduction?
Principles of
Genetics
1. Identify four examples of cell division in
eukaryotes and one example in prokaryotes.
2. Differentiate between a gene, a DNA
molecule, a chromosome, and a chromatid.
3. Differentiate between homologous
chromosomes, autosomes, and sex
chromosomes.
4. Compare haploid and diploid cells.
5. Predict how changes in chromosome
number of structure can affect development.
6. Identify the major events that
characterize each of the five phases of the
cell cycle.
7. Describe how the cell cycle is controlled
in eukaryotic cells.
8. Relate the role of the cell cycle to the
onset of cancer.
9. Describe the structure and function of the
spindle during mitosis.
10. Summarize the events of the four stages
of mitosis.
11. Differentiate cytokinesis in animal and
plant cells.
Meiosis and Sexual
Reproduction:
GAMETE
ZYGOTE
DIPLOID
HAPLOID
HOMOLOGOUS
CHROMOSOMES
CROSSING-OVER
INDEPENDENT
ASSORTMENT
FERTILIZATION
LIFE CYCLE
SPERM
EGG
SEXUAL
PARTHENOGENESIS
SOMATIC CELLS
GERM CELLS
AUTOSOMES
SEX CHROMOSOMES
VARIATION
MEIOSIS I
MEIOSIS II
PROPHASE I
METAPHASE I
ANAPHASE I
TELOPHASE I
PROPHASE II
METAPHASE II
ANAPHASE II
3. Quiz
4. Lab
5. Exam
C.1.f
1. Summarize the events that occur during
meiosis.
2. Relate crossing-over, independent
assortment, and random fertilization to
genetic variation.
3. Compare spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
4. Differentiate between asexual and sexual
reproduction.
5. Identify three types of asexual
reproduction.
6. Evaluate the relative genetic and
evolutionary advantages and disadvantages
of asexual and sexual reproduction.
7. Differentiate between the three major
sexual life cycles found in eukaryotes.
1. Class discussion
2. Daily work
3. Quiz
4. Lab
5. Exam
4
TELOPHASE II
REDUCTION DIVISION
TETRAD
INTERPHASE
3 WEEKS
Who is the father of
heredity?
Why is a garden pea a
good subject for genetic
study?
What is the difference
between a Punnett square
and a test cross?
What five factors
influence patterns of
heredity?
Why do mutations cause
genetic disorders?
Mendel and Heredity:
Trait
Phenotype
Genetics
Genotype
Purebred
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Dominant
Recessive
Law of segregation
Independent Assortment
Probability
Test cross
Genetic linkage
Carrier
Sex-linked
Pedigree
What are some examples
of genetic disorders?
2 WEEKS
What is the basic building
block of DNA?
What three components
make up a nucleotide?
How does DNA
replicate?
1. Class discussion
2. Daily work
3. Quiz
4. Lab
5. Exam
C.1.b
1. Class discussion
2. Daily work
3. Quiz
4. Lab
5. Exam
1. Identify the investigator whose studies
formed the basis of modern genetics.
2. List characteristics that make the garden
pea a good subject for genetic study.
3. Summarize the three major steps of
Gregor Mendel’s garden pea experiment.
4. Relate the ratios that Mendel observed in
his crosses to his data.
5. Describe the four major hypotheses
Mendel developed.
6. Define the terms homozygous,
heterozygous, genotype, and phenotype.
7. Compare Mendel’s two laws of heredity.
8. Predict the results of monohybrid genetic
crosses by using Punnett squares.
9. Apply a test cross to determine the
genotype of an organism with a dominant
phenotype.
10. Predict the results of monohybrid
genetic crosses by using probabilities.
11. Analyze a simple pedigree.
12. Identify five factors that influence
patterns of heredity.
13. Describe how mutations can cause
genetic disorders.
14. List two genetic disorders, and describe
their causes and symptoms.
15. Evaluate the benefits of genetic
counseling.
DNA: The Genetic
Material:
Nucleotide
Double helix
Base pair
Replication
DNA polymerase
Central dogma
Mutation
Helicase
C.1.g-n
1. Relate Griffith’s conclusions to the
observations he made during the
transformation experiments.
2. Summarize the steps involved in Avery’s
transformation experiments, and state the
results.
3. Evaluate the results of the Hershey and
Chase experiment.
4. Describe the three components of a
nucleotide.
5. Develop a model of the structure of a
DNA molecule.
6. Evaluate the contributions of Chargaff,
Franklin, and Wilkins in helping Watson
and Crick determine the double-helical
5
structure of DNA.
7. Relate the role of the base-pairing rules
to the structure of DNA.
8. Summarize the process of DNA
replication.
9. Describe how errors are corrected during
DNA replication.
10. Compare the number of replication
forks in prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA.
1 WEEK
How Proteins Are Made:
Transcription
Translation
Codon
Anti-Codon
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Ribosome
Protein Synthesis
Nucleolus
2 WEEKS
How can the Earth’s age
be determined?
What is the difference
between unicellularity
and multicellularity?
How do prokaryotes
differ from eukaryotes?
Principles of
Evolution
How have mass
extinctions affected the
evolution of life on land?
Which animals lived on
land first?
1 WEEK
What observations led
Darwin to conclude that
The Theory of Evolution:
1. Class discussion
2. Daily work
3. Quiz
4. Lab
5. Exam
D.1.a-f
1. Class discussion
2. Daily work
3. Quiz
4. Lab
5. Exam
D.1.g-n
1. Class discussion
2. Daily work
1. Compare the structure of RNA with that
of DNA.
2. Summarize the process of transcription.
3. Relate the role of codons to the sequence
of amino acids that results after translation.
4. Outline the major steps of translation.
5. Discuss the evolutionary significance of
the genetic code.
6. Describe how the lac operon is turned on
or off.
7. Summarize the role of transcription
factors in regulating eukaryotic gene
expression.
8. Describe how eukaryotic genes are
organized.
9. Evaluate three ways that point mutations
can alter genetic material.
History of Life on Earth:
Adaption
Variation
Fitness
Artificial selection
Natural selection
Vestigial structure
Analogous structure
C.1.a,c-e
1. Summarize how radioisotopes can be
used in determining Earth’s age.
2. Compare two models that describe how
the chemicals of life originated.
3. Describe how cellular organization might
have begun.
4. Recognize the importance that a
mechanism for heredity has to the
development of life.
5. Distinguish between the two groups of
prokaryotes.
6. Describe the evolution of eukaryotes.
7. Recognize an evolutionary advance first
seen in protists.
8. Summarize how mass extinctions have
affected the evolution of life on Earth.
9. Relate the development of ozone to the
adaptation of life to the land.
10. Identify the first multicellular organisms
to live on land.
11. Name the first animals to live on land.
12. List the first vertebrates to leave the
oceans.
6
species evolve?
What is natural selection?
2 WEEKS
Who is Carl Linnaeus?
What are the seven levels
of biological
classification?
What characteristics do
biologist use to classify
organisms?
Cyanobacteria
Endosymbiosis
Microevolution
Macroevolution
Gene flow
Coevolution
1. Identify several observations that led
Darwin to conclude that species evolve.
2. Relate the process of natural selection to
its outcome.
3. Summarize the main points of Darwin’s
theory of evolution by natural selection as it
is stated today.
4. Contrast the gradualism and punctuated
equilibrium models of evolution.
5. Describe how the fossil record supports
evolution.
6. Summarize how biological molecules
such as proteins and DNA are used as
evidence of evolution.
7. Infer how comparing the anatomy and
development of living species provided
evidence of evolution.
8. Identify four elements in the process of
natural selection.
9. Describe how natural selection has
affected the bacteria that cause tuberculosis.
10. Relate natural selection to the beak size
of finches.
11. Summarize the process of species
formation.
Classification of
Organisms:
Binominal nomenclature
Classification
Division
Order
Phylum
Taxon
Character
Cladogram
Phylogeny
Archaea
Eubacteria
Domain
3. Quiz
4. Lab
5. Exam
E.3.a-g
1. Describe Linnaeus’s role in developing
the modern system of naming organisms.
2. Summarize the scientific system for
naming a species.
3. List the seven levels of biological
classification.
4. List the characteristics that biologists use
to classify organisms.
5. Summarize the biological species
concept.
6. Relate analogous structures to convergent
evolution.
7. Describe how biologists use cladograms
to determine evolutionary histories.
1. Class discussion
2. Daily work
3. Quiz
4. Lab
5. Exam
7
1 WEEK
What do plants need to
survive?
Plant Systems
Cuticle
Spore
Sporophyte
Gametophyte
Archegonium
Antheridium
Sporangium
Rhizome
Frond
Sorus
Gymnosperm
Angiosperm
Ovule
Seed
Pollen Grain
Pollination
Monocot
Cotyledon
Dicot
Stamen
Anther
Pistil
Fruit
Dermal Tissue
Vascular Tissue
Ground Tissue
Stoma
Guard Cell
Xylem
Phloem
How did plants adapt to
life on land?
What features defines
most plant life cycles?
What are the
characteristics of green
algae?
Why is vascular tissue
important?
What adaptations allow
seed plants to reproduce
without standing water?
What are key features of
angiosperm?
1 WEEKS
How do viruses cause
disease?
How do viruses
reproduce?
What happens after a
virus infects a cell?
Plant Systems:
Microbes
Viruses:
Virus
Capsid
Bacteriophage
Lytic Infection
Lysogenic Infection
Prophage
Retrovirus
Prion
Vaccine
1. Describe the basic mechanics of plant
processes, especially the movement of
material in plant reproduction.
2. Explain the functions of unique plant
structures.
3. Explain the interaction between
pigments, absorption of light, and reflection
of light.
4. Design and conduct an experiment
demonstrating the effects of environmental
factors on a plant.
1.
2.
3.
Distinguish between and among
viruses, bacteria, and protest,
and give examples of each
Summarize, represent, and
interpret data, and compare and
contrast findings related to
viruses and prokaryotes.
Use models to demonstrate how
the structures of viruses, protist,
fungi, and prokaryotes affect
their function
E.2.a-c,f
1. Class discussion
2. Daily work
3. Quiz
4. Lab
5. Exam
E.3.e
LS1.A
1. Class discussion
2. Daily work
3. Quiz
4. Lab
5. Exam
8
1 WEEK
How do bacteria cause
disease?
Why are emerging
diseases particularly
threatening to human
health?
What roles do
prokaryotes play in the
living world?
Bacteria:
1.
Prokaryote
Bacillus
Coccus
Spirillum
Binary Fission
Endospore
Conjugation
Pathogen
Antibiotic
2.
Protista and Fungi:
1.
3.
4.
How do prokaryotes vary
in their structure and
function?
1 WEEK
How are prokaryotes
classified?
What are the basic
characteristics of fungi?
How do fungi affect
homeostasis in other
organism and the
environment?
What are the ecological
significance of
photosynthetic protists?
What types of symbiotic
relationships involve
protists?
Pseudopod
Flagellum
Spore
Sporangium
Algal Bloom
Plasmodium
Chitin
Hypha
Fruiting Body
Mycelium
Lichen
Mycorrhiza
2.
3.
Discuss the role of beneficial
bacteria.
Distinguish between and among
viruses, bacteria, and protest,
and give examples of each.
Summarize, represent, and
interpret data, and compare and
contrast findings related to
viruses and prokaryotes.
Use models to demonstrate how
the structures of viruses, protist,
fungi, and prokaryotes affect
their function
E.3.e
F.1.c
LS1.A
1. Class discussion
2. Daily work
3. Quiz
4. Lab
5. Exam
Distinguish between and among
viruses, bacteria, and protest,
and give examples of each
Explain classification criteria for
fungi.
Use models to demonstrate how
the structures of viruses, protist,
fungi, and prokaryotes affect
their function
E.3.e-f
LS1.A
1. Class discussion
2. Daily work
3. Quiz
4. Lab
5. Exam
How do heterotrophic
protest obtain food?
How are protists related
to other eukaryotes?
Key
1st Trimester
2nd Trimester
3rd Trimester
9