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EINSTEIN’S MIRACULOUS YEAR VOCABULARY Photoelectric Effect Atomic Theory Photoelectric effect – when light hits a metal Molecule – two or more atoms bonded surface, an electron is released together Matter – anything that has mass and takes up Brownian motion – the random motion of space (volume). Energy is not matter. particles as they spread out in a fluid (like Metal – elements on the left and center of the water or air) periodic table. Metals are shiny, conduct heat Microscopic – refers to events and substances and electricity well, and lose electrons easily at the particle level Atom – a particle of matter often thought of as Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity a small, hard sphere Vacuum – a container that is empty of Electron – one of the parts that makes up an atom. Electrons have a negative (-) charge and everything, including air! surround the nucleus. Gravity – a force of attraction between objects Light – a form of energy; it is both a particle Black hole – a region of space where nothing and a wave can escape, even light! Frequency – the number of light waves that Big Bang theory – a theory that explains the passes a point in one second (cycles/sec = beginning of the universe as a large explosion Hertz) Atomic theory – the theory that all matter is Electromagnetic spectrum – A diagram that made of tiny particles called atoms which are shows all the different forms of light in order the smallest unit that can have properties of a of increasing energy substance Intensity (of light) – brightness Quantum mechanical model of the atom – the modern view of the atom in which electrons Threshold frequency – the minimum are found in 3-D regions instead of rings frequency needed for the photoelectric effect to work. Every metal has a minimum Special relativity – Einstein’s explanation of frequency. space and time Photon – a packet (particle) of light