Download infection controlinfection control

Infection Control
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I can explain the importance of health care team members understanding and practicing infection
control measures and terminology related
I can explain standard precautions, transmission based precautions, blood borne pathogen standard,
needle safety act and the biohazard symbol
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I can describe OSHA and what it looks like in healthcare
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I can list and describe the different types of microorganisms
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I can explain the difference in a pathogen vs a non pathogen
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I can list 1-2 examples of different common illnesses and the type of transmission based precautions
required
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I can give examples of person most at risk for infection
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I can explain disinfection and sterilization
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I can explain an opportunistic infection and nosocomial infection
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I can explain what Candid albicans and C.Diff is caused by related to use of antibiotics
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I can differentiate in a local and systemic infection
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I can differentiate in Medical vs Surgical Technique
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I can list most common Blood borne illnesses
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I can demonstrate donning and doffing PPE
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I can perform aseptic hand hygiene
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An infection is a disease state resulting from
the invasion and growth of microbes in the
body.
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Infection is a major safety and health hazard.
The health team follows certain practices and
procedures to prevent the spread of infection
(infection control).
Minor infections cause short illnesses. Some
infections are serious and can cause death.
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A microorganism (microbe) is a small living
plant or animal.
◦ It is seen only with a microscope.
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Microbes are everywhere.
◦ Pathogens are harmful and can cause infections.
◦ Non-pathogens are microbes that do not usually
cause an infection.
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mouth
nose
respiratory tract
stomach
intestines
skin
Everywhere
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air
soil
water
food
animals,
clothing
furniture
Everywhere
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◦ often called germs
◦ One cell
◦ They can cause an infection in any body system.
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Classified by shape
◦ Cocci
◦ Bacilli
◦ Spirilla
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Antibiotics are used to kill bacteria,
although they can become resistant
Some are harmful, some are helpful
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What statement about bacteria is true?
All bacteria are harmful
All bacteria are round
All bacteria are single-celled organisms
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◦ are one-celled animals that can infect the blood,
brain, intestines, and other body areas.
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One-celled animal-like
Many contain flagella which allows
movement
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◦ found in fleas, lice, ticks, and other insects.
◦ Rocky Mountain spotted fever is an example. The
person has fever, chills, headache, rash, and other
signs and symptoms.
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A man died from an infection caused by a
rickettsiae. The infection was MOST LIKELY
transmitted by:
Walking barefoot in a locker room.
A blood transfusion.
The bite of a tick.
Breathing in contaminated air.
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◦ are plants that live on other plants or animals
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Plantlike organisms
Yeasts and molds are two common forms
Antifungal medications used for treatment
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Common yeast microorganism
remains as part of a normal human’s
microflora.
The overgrowth of C. albicans leads to
symptoms of disease, and it occurs when
there are imbalances
Taking antibiotics can cause overgrowth
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an infection of the colon by the bacterium
Caused by long-term treatment with
antibiotics, which kill off other intestinal
bacteria that keep C. diff in check.
C. difficile causes colitis by producing toxins
that damage the lining of the colon.
The symptoms of C. difficile colitis are fever,
diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
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Smallest microorganisms
Visible only with electron microscope
Spread by blood and body secretions
Not affected by antibiotics
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Common Viruses
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◦ Flu (influenza)
◦ Common Cold
◦ RSV
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a reservoir (host) to live and grow.
water and nourishment from the reservoir.
Most need oxygen to live.—not all
warm and dark environment is needed.
grow best at body temperature.
are destroyed by heat and light.
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Aerobic-must have oxygen to live
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Anaerobic-no oxygen to live
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An infection is a disease state resulting from
the invasion and growth of microbes in the
body.
◦ A local infection is in a body part.
◦ A systemic infection involves the whole body.
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Nosocomial-any disease contracted by a
patient while under medical care.
Communicable- diseases easily transmitted
from one person to another person
Opportunistic-occur more frequently and are
more severe in individuals with weakened
immune systems
◦ Very young and old
◦ Suppressed immune systems (cancer and transplant
patients)
◦ Chronic lung disorders
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An infection that develops when the body’s
normal defenses are not working properly is
a/an:
A.
Mutant infection.
B.
Nonpathogenic infection.
C.
Opportunistic infection.
D.
Recessive infection.
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Albert has a yeast infection under his arm.
It should be treated with a/an:
A.
Antifungal cream.
B.
Antibiotic ointment.
C.
Vaccination.
D.
Hot compress.
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The ability to resist infection relates to:
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Age
Nutrition
Stress
Fatigue
Health
Drugs
Disease and injury
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Asepsis is being free of disease-producing
microbes.
Measures are needed to achieve asepsis.
◦ Medical asepsis (clean technique)
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asepsis is the practices used to:
◦ Remove or destroy pathogens. The number of
pathogens is reduced.
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is the process of becoming unclean
When something unclean touches something
clean
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What could be found on the surface of a
sterile instrument?
A.
Viruses
B.
Spores
C.
Microbes
D.
Nothing
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◦ Disinfection is the process of destroying pathogens.
◦ Germicides are disinfectants applied to skin,
tissues, and non-living objects.
◦ Chemical disinfectants are used to clean surfaces
and reusable items.
◦ Sterilization destroys all non-pathogens and
pathogens, including spores.
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Hand hygiene, cleaning, disinfection, and
sterilization are important aseptic measures.
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You are cleaning a patient’s dentures
when some of the soaking solution splashes
into your eye. What should you do FIRST?
A.
Flush your eyes with water.
B.
Call 911.
C.
Notify your supervisor.
D.
Complete an incident report.
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Surgical asepsis (sterile technique)
Sterilization is the process of destroying all
microbes, spores and viruses
Autoclave
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The Bloodborne Pathogen Standard is:
◦ Intended to protect the health team from
exposure to blood and other potentially
infectious materials (OPIM)
◦ A regulation of the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA)
◦ All work places must have a plan and do training
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HIV and HBV (hep B and C) are bloodborne
pathogens.
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What does OSHA require health facilities to
provide for all employees who come in
contact with patients?
A.
Health insurance
B.
PPE
C.
Annual chest x-rays
D.
A watch with a second hand
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What is an example of a bloodborne
pathogen?
Hepatitis C
Sleeping sickness
Yeast
Vitamin A
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◦ Written exposure control plan, updated annually
◦ Provide hepatitis B vaccine free of charge to all
employees with occupational exposure
◦ Provide personal protective equipment (PPE)
◦ Provide adequate handwashing facilities and
supplies
◦ Provide appropriate containers for sharps and
biohazardous waste
◦ Provide training at no cost during work hours
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 Congressional act based on CDC needlestick
data
 Identify and use safer medical devices
 Maintain a sharps injury log
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Standard precautions are rules developed
by the CDC
Use when healthcare providers may come
in contact with blood, body fluids, mucous
membranes, nonintact skin or tissue/cell
specimens.
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Handwashing
Gloves
Gowns
Masks and eye protection
Sharps
Spills or splashes
Resuscitation devices
Waste and linen disposal
Injuries
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 Handwashing MOST IMPORTANT and easiest
practice for aseptic technique
 Regular handwashing
◦ Routine cleansing or when visibly soiled
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Antimicrobial soap and water
 Antiseptic hand rubs
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Alcohol-based handrub when hands not
visibly soiled
Rub until dry
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When arriving at and before leaving facility
Before and after every patient contact
Before moving from a contaminated body site to a clean
body site
Any time hands become contaminated during a
procedure
Before applying and immediately after removing gloves
Any time gloves are torn or punctured
Before and after handling specimens
After picking up an item off the floor
After personal use of the bathroom
After you cough, sneeze or use a tissue
Before and after any contact with your mouth or mucous
membrane (eating, drinking, inserting contacts, etc.)
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Method of caring for patients who have
communicable diseases
Airborne precautions
Droplet precautions
Contact precautions
Protective or reverse isolation
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Understanding how certain infections are
spread helps you understand the types of
Transmission-Based Precautions.
PPE—When?
◦ Lets make a list
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A dental assistant tears a glove when
assisting a dentist with a patient who is HIV
positive. What should the assistant do FIRST?
Notify OSHA
Report the incident to the CDC
Remove the gloves and wash hands
Put on a new pair of gloves
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A patient has an infection and is on airborne
precautions. If the patient must be
transported to physical therapy, what should
the patient wear?
A.
A mask
B.
Goggles
C.
Gloves
D.
A gown
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What should you place in a red bag with the
words “Biohazardous Waste” on the front of
the bag?
A.
Soiled bed linens
B.
Patient’s clothes that are stained
with blood
C.
A soiled dressing from a wound
D.
A wet disposable baby diaper
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