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Animals Chapter 4 Birds • Endotherms (warm-blooded) • Egg-laying vertebrates • 4 types -perching birds – sparrows, robins etc. -bird of prey- owls, hawks etc. -waterfowl – ducks, geese etc. -flightless- penguins, ostrich etc. Feathers • Adapted for flight • Contour feathers – large, broad • Down – small, used for insulation • Not all birds fly Respiration • Air sacs - give constant oxygen (fuel) - give enough energy for flight • Lungs Circulation • Double-loop circulatory system keeps oxygenated blood separate from de-oxygenated blood Bones • Birds have “hollow” bone that makes them lightweight • Have trusses inside bone for strength Complex Behaviors • Song - protects territory - mating - calling • Migrate Flight adaptations • Feathers and wings • Hollow bones • Keel and strong flight muscles • Large eyes • Increased heart rate • Increased respiration • High body temperature Mammals Characteristics of all Mammals • Hair • Mammary Glands and a diaphragm • Most Sweat • Endothermic Three Classes -Based on how the animals reproduce • Monotremes • Marsupials • Placental Monotremes- Echidnas and duck billed platypus • Egg laying – leathery eggs • “furred reptiles” - Babies lick milk from mother’s fur Marsupials • Pouched • Inside pouches are mammary glands • Infants are born not fully developed and move to pouch to finish development • Different age babies can live in pouch at the same time • Live mostly in Australia, New Guinea, and South America • Kangaroos, opossums, koalas, Tasmanian devils, wallabies Placental • Most mammals are placental • Embryos stay inside mother until fully developed • Babies are born like smaller adults • Placenta are special attachments from embryo to uterus • Placenta supplies food and oxygen • Placenta also removes waste • Gestation period is the time it takes for an embryo to develop • Gestation ranges from a few weeks to almost 2 years depending on the species Primates • Binocular vision • Opposable thumbs • Color vision • Flattened nails • Specialized teeth for omnivore diet • Small noses so vision is very important
