Download Lower Limb 1 : Femur and Superficial structures

歐陽品教 授 11/25/2015
Lower Limb 1 : Femur and Superficial structures Margin of the lower limb
Regions of the lower limb
Functions of the lower limb
1. Support the body weight
2. locomotion
Bones and joints of the lower limb
Nerves of the lower limb
Arteries of the lower limb
Femur: : the longest bone in the body, being a quarter of the length of an
individual
1. proximal end: inclination angle of 125o
head
neck
intertrochanteric line : attachment of iliofemoral ligament
lesser trochanter : attachment of iliopsoas m.
greater trochanter : 10 cm below the tubercle on the iliac crest
insertion of five muscles : gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, piriformis,
obturator internus, gemelli
quadrate tubercle: insertion of quadratus femoris m.
trochanteric fossa: insertion of obturator externus m.
gluteal tuberosity: insertion of gluteus maximus m.
2. body
linea aspera
3. distal end
medial and lateral condyles
intercondylar fossa
epicondyle : attachment of medial
and lateral ligaments of knee joint patellar surface
adductor tubercle
Femoral fractures
Fascia compartments of thigh and leg : caused by intermuscular septa of the fascia lata
Superficial structures of lower limb
1. superficial fascia
2. deep fascia (fascial lata)
iliotibial tract : conjoint aponeurosis of tensor of the fasciae latae m. and gluteus maximus m., extending from iliac tubercle to anterolateral tibial tubercle
3. superficial veins
great saphenous vein : join femoral vein 4 cm inferolateral to the pubic tubercle,
anastomose with small saphenous vein inferior to the knee, receive superficial
veins, e.g. external pudendal v, superficial epigastricl v. and superficial
circumflex iliac v.
small saphenous vein
Small saphenous vein and musculovenous pump
4. lymph node: efferent vessels converge to external iliac nodes
a. inguinal nodes
i. superficial superior horizontal group
ii. superficial inferior vertical group lymph vessels accompanying great saphenous vain
iii. deep node : within femoral canal
b. knee (popliteal) node lymph vessels accompanying
small saphenous vein
5. cutaneous nerve : vertral rami of L 1, 2, 3, 4
lateral and posterior cutaneous n. of thigh
anterior cutaneous br. of femoral n.
saphenous nerve. (br. of femoral nerve)
sural n. (br. of tibial n.)
lateral sural cutaneous n. (br. of common fibular n.)
innervation for skin inferior to inguinal ligament: ilioinguinal n, femoral br. of genitofemoral n. and obturator n.
6. saphenous opening : oval shape hitus in the fascia lata through which the great saphenous v. passes to join the femoral v., which lies within the femoral sheath
Falciform margin
Femoral triangle : apex 10 cm below inguinal ligament
1. borders
inguinal ligament
sartorius m.
adductor longus m.
2. floor : a trough with sloping medial and lateral walls
medial wall: pectinus and adductor longus m.
lateral wall: iliopsoas and sartorius m. (innervated by femoral n. )
3. Contents
Femoral n. and its br.
femoral sheath : prolongation of the extraperitoneal areolar tissue that envelops the external iliac vessels in the abdomen, contains; a. femoral artery (lateral compartment)
b. femoral vein (intermediate compartment)
c. femoral canal (medial compartment); occupied by deep node
femoral ring: boundaries are femoral vein (lateral), pectineus m. (posterior), lacunar ligament (medial) and inguinal ligament (anterior) femoral hernia
Femoral hernia