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BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM OVERVIEW
College Prep
NAME:
_______________________________________________________
DATE OF FINAL:
ROOM #:
____________
____________
WHAT TO BRING: All handouts and review packets
Pencils and erasers
TEXTBOOK / CD:
FORMAT:
If you have one, turn it in on the day of
the final or before OR bring a check for
$67.50 payable to HHHS.
200 multiple choice questions
SUGGESTED STUDY METHOD:
1. Collect all your review sheets/outlines. Staple this sheet to the front - this is
everything that will be on the final exam.
2. Review ALL papers in your binder one unit at a time - look through to
refresh your memory.
3. Complete the study guide activities and practice multiple choice questions.
These are NOT the questions on the final - those are more complex.
4. Anything you are unsure about… go back and study more.
5. Study! The final is worth 20% of your final grade!
UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY
Review IV, DV, control and controlled variables with your partner. Describe each in your own words.

IV =
________________________________________________________________

DV =
________________________________________________________________

control = ________________________________________________________________

controlled variables =
______________________________________________________
Apply it: How does the amount of light influence the rate of photosynthesis?

IV =
________________________________________________________________
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DV =
________________________________________________________________
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HYPOTHESIS:
___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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control = ________________________________________________________________
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controlled variables =
______________________________________________________
SCIENCE VS. SUPERSTITION
1.
____ Which word(s) is related to science?
a) belief
b) coincidence
c) cause and effect
THEMES OF LIFE / HOMEOSTASIS
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
____ An organism that lives in a host and hurts the host is a(n)
a) heterotroph
b) autotroph
c) consumer
d) parasite
____ An organism that performs photosynthesis is a(n)
a) heterotroph
b) autotroph
c) consumer
d) parasite
____ An organism that eats food to obtain energy is a(n)
a) heterotroph
b) autotroph
c) consumer
d) parasite
____ Maintaining balance within the body is called
a) response
b) homeostasis
____ What organ controls glucose balance?
a) kidney
b) liver
c) reproduction
d) development
c) PTH and calcitonin
d) ADH
c) brain
____ What hormone(s) control glucose homeostasis?
a) aldosterone
b) insulin and glucagon
____ What is one characteristic of life that not all organisms in a species need to perform?
a) response
b) homeostasis
c) reproduction
d) development
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
9.
____ A hypothesis uses the words if and then.
a) true
b) false
10. ____ A hypothesis is the same thing as a fact.
a) true
b) false
11. ____ A hypothesis should try to predict the answer to the lab question.
a) true
b) false
12. ____ In science, a theory is a guess or prediction.
a) true
b) false
13. ____ In an experiment, the part that is being tested is called the
a) independent variable
b) dependent variable
c) control
14. ____ In an experiment, the results that you are recording are called the
a) independent variable
b) dependent variable
c) control
15. ____ In an experiment, the part of the experiment used to compare your data with is called the
a) independent variable
b) dependent variable
c) control
MICROSCOPE
16. ____ When you switch to high power on a microscope, LESS of the specimen can be seen because the AREA decreases.
a) true
b) false
17. ____ Which type of microscope do we use in class?
a) compound light b) scanning electron
c) transmission electron
18. ____ Which type of microscope produces a 3-D picture in great detail?
a) compound light b) scanning electron
c) transmission electron
19. ____ As magnification INCREASES, so does the resolution.
a) true
b) false
20. ____ The specimen looks the same on the slide as it does through the eyepiece of a microscope.
a) true
b) false
21. ____ The total area of magnification when you are looking through the 40x lens is
a) 40
b) 400
c) 50
d) 4000
22. ____ The PROPER name for the dial used to adjust the light is the light adjustment dial.
a) true
b) false
UNIT 2: BIOCHEMISTRY
With your partner, review the following topics. Write down things you need to remember.

EQUATION for cellular respiration:

Cellular Respiration (ATP / ADP cycle) - explain how it works

How an enzyme works
___________________________________________
23. ____ The four major elements in the human body are nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen and
a) calcium
b) sodium
c) carbon
d) boron
24. ____ Water is
a) polar
b) nonpolar
c) unevenly charged
d) a and b
e) a and c
25. ____ Water sticks to itself using _______ bonds in a process called _______.
a) covalent, adhesion
b) hydrogen, cohesion
c) hydrogen, adhesion
26. ____ When water sticks together on the surface of a body of water, it is called
a) surface tension
b) capillary action
27. ____ Acids on the pH scale register from 7-14.
a) true
b) false
28. ____ Bases contain many ________ ions.
a) hydrogen (H+)
b) hydroxide (OH-)
29. ____ What is the name of a chemical that changes colors in the presence of acids or bases?
a) buffer
b) indicator
c) enzyme
30. ____ pH in the stomach is
a) between 1-3
b) between 4-5
c) around 7
31. ____ Which of the following substances is most basic?
a) ammonia
b) vinegar
c) water
d) above seven
d) milk
32. ____ Which of the following provides living things with energy?
a) water
b) soil
c) sugar
d) oxygen
e) electrolytes
33. ____ Proteins are made of
a) glucose
d) amino acids
b) fatty acids and glycerol
c) nucleotides
34. ____ Carbohydrates include fats, oils and waxes.
a) true
b) false
35. ____ Molecules that speed up chemical reactions in the body by lowering the activation energy are called
a) buffers
b) substrates
c) enzymes
d) catalysts
e) c and d
36. ____ If an enzyme’s shape changes (it is denatured), it cannot cause a chemical reaction anymore.
a)
true
b) false
37. ____ The lock and key characteristic of enzymes is called
a) catalytic fit
b) speciality
c) specificity
38. ____ Most times, you can tell if a substance is an enzyme because its name ends in
a) –ose
b) –ase
c) –in
d) –exo
39. ____ What is the name of the enzyme in liver that breaks down hydrogen peroxide?
a) maltase
b) lactase
c) peroxidase
d) amylase
40. ____ The conversion of the energy in sugar into ATP molecules is MOST SPECIFICALLY called
a) breathing
b) respiration
c) metabolism
d) anabolism
41. ____ Adding a phosphate, some energy to make a bond, and ADP creates ATP.
a) true
b) false
42. ____ The sum of all the chemical reactions in the body is called
a) anabolism
b) catabolism
c) metabolism
43. ____ The molecule that reacts with an enzyme is called a
a) superstrate
b) substrate
c) product
d) catalyst
UNIT 3: THE CELL
With your partner, review the following topics. Write down things you need to remember.

The theme Correlation of Structure and Function means:
__________
______________________________________________________________________

Give a few examples of this theme.

Find the picture of the cell you drew and labeled. Quiz each other on the functions of the parts.

List the two types of transport (include the processes that fall under each).
BASICS OF CELLS
44. ____ Unicellular organisms have to perform all of life’s functions by themselves. Therefore, they LACK
a) homeostasis
b) specialization
c) reproduction
45. ____ As cell size increases, its surface area doesn’t increase proportionately to its volume. This causes a problem because
____________ of needed materials into and out of the cell cannot occur quick enough.
a) diffusion
b) active transport
46. ____ A cell that has a cell wall, a large vacuole and chloroplasts might be
a) an animal cell
b) a plant cell
47. ____ Which type of cell doesn’t have a true nucleus?
a) prokaryotic
b) eukaryotic
48. ____ What is the only kingdom that is prokaryotic?
a) animal
b) plant
c) moneran
d) protist
e) fungi
ORGANELLES
49. ____ The jelly-like fluid that fills the cell is called chromoplasm.
a) true
b) false
50. ____ Which organelle transports proteins and lipids?
a) ribosomes
b) ER
c) Golgi bodies
51. ____ Which organelle performs cellular respiration?
a) lysosome
b) mitochondria c) chloroplast
52. ____ Which organelle produces proteins?
a) chloroplast
b) ribosome
c) lysosome
53. ____ Chloroplasts are plastids that make carbohydrates.(Photosynthesis makes sugars=carbs)
a) true
b) false
54. ____ Leucoplasts store
a) starch b) chlorophyll
CELL MEMBRANE
c) carotenoids
55. ____ The main molecule of the cell membrane is
a) protein
b) lipid
c) carbohydrate
56. ____ The membrane is fluid, which means it is flexible and can move.
a) true
b) false
57. ____ The cell membrane is most flexible if it contains lots of
a) unsaturated fatty acids
b) saturated fatty acids
58. ____ Since a cell membrane is selectively permeable, it can maintain
a) respiration
b) metabolism c) homeostasis
59. ____ The cell membrane is
a) polar
b) nonpolar
60. ____ The spreading out of material from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration is called.
a) active transport b) diffusion
c) endocytosis
61. ____ After diffusion, a concentration gradient no longer exists. The material is now in a state of dynamic motion.
a) true
b) false
62. ____ The random motion of molecules is called
a) erratic motion
b) Brownian motion
c) Whitian motion
63. ____ The diffusion of water is specifically called
a) diffusion
b) osmosis
c) facilitated diffusion
d) chemical motion
d) active transport
64. ____ Oxygen and carbon dioxide move between the lungs and the body cells by facilitated diffusion.
a) true
b) false
65. ____ Putting salt on a cell will cause it to
a) expand
b) shrink
c) stay the same (have no effect)
66. ____ In which type of solution does water move INTO the cell?
a) hypotonic
b) hypertonic
c) isotonic
67. ____ Water pressure in plants is scientifically called
a) water pressure b) osmotic pressure
c) turgor pressure
68. ____ Which type of transport requires energy to move molecules across the cell membrane?
a) passive transport b) active transport
69. ____ Facilitated diffusion is a type of active transport.
a) true
b) false
70. ____ The active movement of huge molecules into the cell is called
a) facilitated diffusion
b) endocytosis c) exocytosis
71. ____ The two characteristics that will determine where/how a molecule will get into or out of a cell are size and charge.
a) true
b) false
72. ____ When a molecule enters a cell through a protein channel without using energy, it is moving by
a) active transport b) endocytosis c) facilitated diffusion
d) diffusion
73. ____ Where do oxygen, carbon dioxide and water cross the membrane?
a) bilayer
b) protein channels
c) endocytosis
74. ____ Where do ions and amino acids cross the membrane?
a) bilayer
b) protein channels
c) endocytosis
UNIT 4: THE NUCLEUS
With your partner, review the following topics. Write down things you need to remember.

What is gene expression? State the two general steps and then explain exactly what happens during each.

Review the meaning of benign, malignant, cancer, metastasis, contact inhibition, hyperplasia as they
relate to having cancer (or not).
STRUCTURE OF DNA
75. ____ DNA is made of
a) nucleic acids
b) nucleotides
c) amino acids
d) fatty acids and glycerol
76. ____ The backbone of DNA is made of
a) sugars and bases
b) sugars and phosphates
c) bases and phosphates
77. ____ Nucleotides consist of a sugar, a base and a phosphate molecule.
a) true
b) false
78. ____ In DNA, adenine matches with
a) guanine
b) cytosine
c) uracil
d) thymine
79. ____ Every organism has DNA.
a) true
b) false
80. ____ In a person, the DNA of each cell is approximately identical (except for where there is a mutation).
a) true
b) false
81. ____ Every organism has the same structure of DNA, it is the sequence of the _______ that make organisms different.
a) phosphates
b) bases
c) sugars
82. ____ RNA is different from DNA because
a) it is single stranded
b) it contains a different sugar
c) it has U instead of T
83. ____ A gene is a segment of DNA that controls the production of ____ in a cell.
a) lipids
b) sugars
c) proteins
d) chromosomes
84. ____ Genes are located (Both)
a) in DNA
b) in the cytoplasm of the cell
TRANSCRIPTION / TRANSLATION & REPLICATION
c) on chromosomes
85. ____ What is the process called that duplicates the DNA before cell division?
a) transcription
b) translation
c) replication
d) a, b, & c
86. ____ When mRNA is copying the code in DNA, wherever there is an A in DNA, a ____ is added to mRNA.
a) T
b) A
c) U
d) G
87. ____ Which process makes an mRNA copy of a gene?
a) transcription
b) translation
c) replication
88. ____ Which process builds a protein based on the mRNA code?
a) transcription
b) translation
c) replication
89. ____ Which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome to build a protein?
a) mRNA
b) tRNA
c) rRNA
d) DNA
90. ____ What enzyme makes mRNA based on the DNA code?
a) peroxidase
b) RNA polymerase
c) DNA polymerase
91. ____ Where in the cell does translation occur?
a) Golgi bodies
b) ribosome
c) mitochondria
d) amylase
d) nucleus
92. ____ A series of three bases (either in DNA or in mRNA) is called a
a) codon
b) triplet
c) tricodon
CELL CYCLE / MITOSIS
93. ____ What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
a) interphase
b) prophase
c) metaphase
d) anaphase
e) telophase
d) anaphase
e) telophase
96. ____ The chromosomes line up on the middle of the cell during
a) interphase
b) prophase
c) metaphase
d) anaphase
e) telophase
97. ____ Sister chromatids separate during
a) interphase
b) prophase
c) metaphase
d) anaphase
e) telophase
98. ____ The cell membrane pinches in during
a) interphase
b) prophase
c) metaphase
d) anaphase
e) telophase
94. ____ Transcription and translation occur during prophase
a) true
b) false
95. ____ The chromosomes coil during
a) interphase
b) prophase
c) metaphase
99. ____ The same number of chromosomes are present after mitosis as there were before mitosis.
a) true
b) false
100. ____ A cell containing a full set of chromosomes is called a ___ cell.
a) diploid
c) haploid
d) gamete
101. ____ Unwound DNA is called
a) chromosomes
b) chromatids
c) chromatin
MEIOSIS
102. ____ Egg and sperm
a) have half the number of chromosomes
b) are diploid
c) are haploid
103. ____ During mitosis or meiosis, the chromosomes are separated by the
a) centromeres
b) centrioles and spindle fibers
c) pulling rods
d) a & c
d) cell wall
104. ____ How many cells form as a result of meiosis?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
105. ____ Meiosis makes
a) diploid cells
b) haploid cells
c) somatic cells
d) gametes
e) b & d
106. ____ When chromosomes exchange pieces it is called crossing over.
a) true
b) false
107. ____ When the homologous chromosomes pair up in prophase I of meiosis they are called a
a) codon b) tetrad
c) synapsis
108. ____ A chart showing the homologous pairs of chromosomes is called a pedigree. (Karyotype)
a) true
b) false
MUTATIONS
109. ____ A mutation that involves a change in a chromosome is a ____ mutation.
a) gene
b) chromosomal
c) point
110. ____ The absence of contact inhibition could lead to cancer.
a) true
b) false
f) a & c
UNIT 5: GENETICS
With your partner, review the following topics. Write down things you need to remember.

Review the following: law of segregation, law of independent assortment, rule of dominance, rule of unit
factors

Review how to do the following: monohybrid cross, testcross, codominance, incomplete dominance, sexlinked heredity, multiple allelic (blood types).

Review your Genetic Engineering Journals for each process, benefits and disadvantages.
BASIC GENETICS CONCEPTS
111. ____ The appearance of an organism is its
a) genotype
b) phenotype
112. ____ The different versions of genes are called
a) centromeres
b) centrioles
c) tetrads
d) alleles
113. ____ A homozygous dominant genotypes is shown by
a) AA
b) Aa c) aa
114. ____ In a pedigree, the recessive trait is shaded.
a) true
b) false
115. ____ If HH is crossed with hh, all the offspring will be
a) HH
b) hh
c) Hh
116. ____ Crossing two heterozygous organisms (Hh x Hh) will give you a GENOTYPIC ratio of
a) 2:2
b) 3:1 c) 4:0 d) 1:2:1
117. ____ In a testcross, the unknown dominant organism is crossed with a
a) homozygous dominant organism b) heterozygous organism c) homozygous recessive organism
118. ____ Cystic fibrosis is a _____________ disorder.
a) dominant
b) recessive
119. ____ Down syndrome results from
a) a missing X chromosome b) an extra 21st chromosome
c) a point mutation
120. ____ In a dihybrid cross, if both parents are heterozygous for both traits, the phenotypic ratio will be
a) 4:4:4:4
b) 16:0
c) 9:3:3:1
d) 3:1
e) 4:0
PATTERNS OF HEREDITY
121. ____ If two traits BLEND, then the alleles controlling these traits are
a) codominant
b) incompletely dominant
c) completely dominant
122. ____ If two traits show together, then the alleles controlling these traits are
a) codominant
b) incompletely dominant
c) completely dominant
123. ____ Which trait is controlled by multiple alleles?
a) cystic fibrosis
b) malaria
c) sickle-cell anemia
124. ____ More ____ get a sex-linked trait.
a) males b) females
125. ____ If a trait is X-linked, fathers can pass the X-linked allele to their
a) daughters
b) sons
c) sons and daughters
d) human blood type
UNIT 6: EVOLUTION & CLASSIFICATION
With your partner, review the following topics. Write down things you need to remember.

Difference between microevolution and macroevolution

4 steps of natural selection
What qualifies organisms as part of TWO DIFFERENT species? How does one species turn into two or
more?
DARWIN AND THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION
126. ____ Creationism is a scientific explanation for the origin of life on Earth.
a) true
b) false
127. ____ Which of the following is believed to have been the earliest to evolve?
a) land plants
b) bacteria
c) aquatic dinosaurs
d) mammals
128. ____ The founder of modern evolution theory is considered to be
a) Darwin
b) Hooke
c) Boveri
d) Mendel
129. ____ The process of evolution is called natural speciation.
a) true
b) false
130. ____ Evolution is based on mutation.
a) true
b) false
131. ____ Any structure or behavior that allows an organism to survive in its environment is called a(n)
a) mutation
b) adaptation
c) homology
132. ____ The ability of an organism to blend in with its surroundings is called
a) camouflage
b) mimicry
MICROEVOLUTION
133. ____ A change WITHIN the allele frequencies of one species is called
a) microevolution b) macroevolution
134. ____ When natural selection selects for the heterozygote, it is
a) directional selection
b) balancing selection
135. ____ A chance event effects the genetic diversity of a population
a) genetic drift
b) non-random mating
c) gene flow
EVIDENCE FOR MACROEVOLUTION
136. ____ “Left-over” organs resulting from evolution are called ____ structures
a) homologous
b) analogous
c) vestigial
137. ____ Evolutionists use which of the following pieces of evidence as support?
a) fossils b) DNA comparisons
c) embryo similarities
d) all of these
138. ____ Structures that have a similar embryological origin and structure but are adapted for different purposes, such as a bat
wing and a human arm, are called
a) homologous structures
b) analogous structures
139. ____ The slow change of organisms over time in the fossil record is called
a) punctuated equilibrium
b) gradualism
140. ____ Which of the following is NOT a form of reproductive isolation?
a) Timing
b) Behavior
c) Geographical separation
d) Different niche (habitat)
e) Incompatibility
CLASSIFICATION
141. ____ In the name Homo sapien, Homo is the ____ name.
a) genus b) species
c) kingdom
142. ____ A system for naming species in which two words are used to name an organism is
a) binomial nomenclature
b) dichotomous nomenclature
c) cladistics
143. ____ Which of the following sciences studies classification?
a) anatomy
b) physiology
c) physics
scientist section
List the contributions of each of the following scientists
1. Hooke
2. Schleiden
3. Schwann
4. Leeuwenhoek
5. Hershey and Chase
6. Mendel
7. Watson and Crick
8. Darwin
d) taxonomy