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Lecture 06: The Roman Republic and Julius Caesar 753 – 31 B.C. (pp. 96-103) The Founding of Rome, 753 B.C. Romulus & Remus Birth of the Republic 509 B.C. Rēs Publica = Things Public (Public Realm) Complex constitution, shared powers “No one could say for certain, not even a native, whether the constitution as a whole were an aristocracy or democracy or despotism.” Polybius, 203? – 123 B.C. Roman Republic After 287 BC Italy by 265 B.C. Expansion of Roman Control into an Empire The Gracchi, Tiberius & Gaius Gaius Marius, 157 – 86 B.C. Lucius Cornelius Sulla, 138 – 78 B.C. Cursus Honorum Marcus Porcius Cato (The Younger) 95 – 46 B.C. Julius Caesar & Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, Co-Consuls for 59 B.C. First Triumvirate: Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus Vercingetorix the Gaul Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony), 83 – 30 B.C. Caesar and the Civil War, 50 – 45 B.C. The Assassination of Caesar, 15 March 44 B.C. Second Triumvirate: Mark Antony, Gaius Octavius Thurinus (Octavian), Marcus Aemilius Lepidus Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus First Emperor of Rome, 27 B.C. – 14 A.D.