Download Energy Forms Notes

Energy Forms Notes
Physics is the study of matter & energy.
We look for patterns to make predictions.
This unit we will focus on ENERGY.
What is energy?
“Something” that can change the
condition of matter or the system
Is only seen when it is being transformed
(changed) from one form to another
The ability to do WORK
WORK is…when something is
pushed/pulled and it moves or is changed
We notice energy when
we observe a CHANGE in
the system
This means the INITIAL STATE is
different from the FINAL STATE for our
system
SYSTEM- the object(s) we are looking at
(what you drew a sketch of at each lab
station was the system for that station)
INITIAL STATE
-how the SYSTEM is at the beginning; a
snapshot in time
FINAL STATE
-how the SYSTEM is at the end, once a
change has happened; also a snapshot
in time
For the remaining notes, set
up this table in your lab book
(on right side). It will
probably require 2 pages.
Form of Definition/details Real life/Lab
Energy
examples
MECHANICAL ENERGY
Energy of moving objects we can see or
objects with energy stored for later
motion
DISCUSS: What 2 factors determine an
object’
’s mechanical energy?
Mass & velocity
Is calculated by
KM = ½ mv2
Lab Examples…
RADIANT/LIGHT ENERGY
Energy from electrons moving from high
to lower energy levels within the atom
Not all light is visible- waves such as
radio, gamma and x-rays
Falls under electromagnetism category
Lab Examples…
SOUND ENERGY
Energy of vibrating particles
Sound waves must have a medium to
move through like air or water or walls
Ultrasounds & SONAR are sound waves
Examples from lab…
THERMAL ENERGY
Energy from moving atoms/molecules in
an object
the faster they move, the more thermal
energy
Related to HEAT & Temperature
Friction causes more thermal energy
Lab Examples…
Look for …
a change in the temperature
of an object
or
a friction force
causing the thermal energy
to increase.
ELECTRIC/
ELECTROMAGNETIC
ENERGY
Energy of moving electrons (electricity)
Valence electrons(electrons furthest from
the nucleus) move from one atom to the
other
Also includes magnetism & falls under
electromagnetism category
Lab Examples…
What kinds of appliances are
the biggest electric energy
users????
1. Things with moving parts like fans and
clothes washers
2. Things that make sound like
entertainment systems
3. Thing that make heat like irons,
dryers, heaters
CHEMICAL ENERGY
Energy stored in the chemical bonds of
substances
Is transformed when a chemical change
takes place
Food, fuel, batteries all have chemical
energy stored in them that we use
Lab Examples…
GRAVITATIONAL ENERGY
Energy stored in an object due to its
height above a surface
DISCUSS: What 3 factors determine
how much gravitational energy an object
has?
Mass, height above surface, gravity
Is calculated by
PG = m*g*h
Lab Examples…
The higher that an
object is elevated,
the greater the
gravitational
energy
(note, we took multiple pictures
of the ball as it fell to the
ground in this diagram)
The ball has
the most
gravitational
energy up here
If the ball is on the ground (or
it’
’s as low as it can go), it has
no gravitational energy.
ELASTIC ENERGY
Energy stored in a stretched or compressed
object that will go back to its original shape
Things that are springy have this energy stored
in them when they are stretched or pressed
Springs, rubber bands, muscles all can store
elastic energy
Lab Examples…
A Bouncy Ball stores elastic energy!
So does a Water
Balloon!
Tennis Balls store
elastic energy!
Golf Balls store
elastic energy!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=00I2uXDxbaE
NUCLEAR ENERGY
Energy stored in the nucleus (center) of an atom
Is transformed into other energy types through
fission (splitting the nucleus) or fusion
(combining 2 nuclei) reactions
Examples- the Sun, cancer treatment,
MU Research Reactor, Calloway Power Plant
NUCLEAR ENERGY
All matter has this energy regardless if work
is being done or not SO IS ALSO CALLED
REST ENERGY because we don’t tap into it
for most processes & practical purposes
Is determined by Einstein’s famous equation
E=
2
mc
c = speed of light = 3 x 108 m/s
m = mass in kg
KINETIC ENERGY
Energy of motion & change
Energy used to do work
MOVING ENERGY
POTENTIAL ENERGY
STORED ENERGY
Energy that is saved to do work later
Objects that have potential energy
have the potential to move or
change
1. Label each form of
energy as either kinetic or
potential IN YOUR NOTES
2. Highlight all the kinetic
energies in one color and
the potential energies in a
different color IN YOUR
NOTES
How does a coal
powerplant work
http://www.citizentimes.com/videos/news/local/2015/05/22/
27798035/
Watch the video from the above link
List the general steps to go from coal to
electricity. REMEMBER the parts of a
generator. You may want to sketch a
picture to go with your steps.
END OF NOTES FOR
TODAY