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Earth Science
Essential Knowledge
Questions
To be use with the review and study guide for the
Virginia End of Course Standards of Learning
Assessment for Earth Science
Earth Science SOL Essential Knowledge Questions
The following questions reflect the knowledge you should have regarding Earth Science topics. Choose the best
answer for each question and record it in the ‘Answer’ column.
Unit
Ans.
#
1
Scientific Investigation
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Mapping the Earth
9
10
Newton mathematically described the motion of
masses in the Universe. Which of these is
correct?
Marcus wanted to compare highlighters. He
decided to find out how many lines he could
highlight in his notes before the fluid ran dry. In
this experiment, the ___ is the number of lines.
In the experiment above, the ____ is the type of
highlighters tested.
In the experiment above, the ___ is the notes he
used.
In the experiment above, an example of a ___
would be to use the same color of highlighter.
Which coordinate pair is correctly shown?
14
When contour lines are close together, it means
that the slope is ___.
Streams are indicated on a topographic map
where V’s point to ___ elevation.
Use a GPS unit to find all of the following except
___.
The increase in elevation between 2 adjacent
contour lines is the ___.
A mineral must be
15
The basic building blocks of all minerals are
16
19
Matt uses a knife to scratch a piece of mica. He
is testing its
Kayla uses an unglazed porcelain tile to rub a
mineral against. She is testing the mineral's
Tamara notices that a piece of galena shines
with a bright reflection similar to polished steel.
She is noticing the galena’s
Rocks are made of one or more
20
Major rock-forming minerals include
21
Ore minerals include
22
Silicate minerals are made of
23
Rock that forms from a molten mass is
24
Sedimentary rocks form from
25
Metamorphic rocks form when
26
When a batholith touches surrounding rock it
11
12
13
17
18
Minerals and Rocks
Question
A rock is found to have a mass of 200 g and a
volume of 100 ml. What is the rock's density?
You have an idea that a raft made of Popsicle
sticks will support a roll of pennies. This is an
example of a(n) ___.
Evolution is considered to be a(n) ___.
Answer Choices
c. 2 pounds
d. 2 kg/dL
c. law
d. good idea
a.
b.
a.
b.
2g/ml
2ml/g
theory
hypothesis
a.
b.
a.
b.
hypothesis
experiment
This is a Law.
This is a Theory.
c.
d.
c.
d.
law
theory
This is a hypothesis.
This is not true.
a.
b.
independent variable
control
c.
d.
dependent variable
constant
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
independent variable
control
independent variable
control
independent variable
control
77E, 42S
35N, 76W
going down
going up
higher
lower
direction
temperature
index contour
contour interval
naturally occurring.
inorganic.
rocks.
crystals.
streak.
color.
streak.
color.
streak.
color.
c.
d.
c.
d.
c.
d.
c.
d.
c.
d.
c.
d.
c.
d.
c.
d.
c.
d.
c.
d.
c.
d.
c.
d.
c.
d.
dependent variable
constant
dependent variable
constant
dependent variable
constant
125N, 54E
20N, 185W
steep
gentle
adjacent
different
speed of travel
elevation
hachure
benchmark
solid.
all of these.
water molecules.
sand grains.
luster.
hardness.
luster.
hardness.
luster.
hardness.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
grains of sand.
c. minerals.
quartz.
d. organic materials.
quartz.
c. calcite.
feldspar.
d. all of these.
pyrite.
c. galena.
magnetite.
d. all of these.
silicone & nitrogen.
c. silicon & nitrogen.
silicon & oxygen.
d. silicon & helium.
metamorphic.
c. chemical.
sedimentary.
d. igneous.
rock fragments.
c. lava.
molten magma.
d. water and air.
rocks are melted.
rocks are cooled.
high pressure compresses rock.
low pressure causes expansion.
always melts the rock.
never melts the rock.
metamorphoses a whole area.
cools and hardens immediately.
Geologic Processes
Resources
Minerals and Rocks
Unit
Ans.
#
27
Question
Extrusive igneous rocks form
28
Extrusive igneous rocks have
29
Intrusive igneous rocks have
30
Pumice is
31
A major extrusive igneous rock is
32
Clastic sedimentary rocks are made of
33
Chemical sedimentary rocks form from
34
35
Conglomerate, sandstone, shale and limestone
are all
Limestone and rock salt are
36
Metamorphic rocks that look layered are
37
38
Metamorphic rocks that have no banding and are
relatively homogeneous throughout are
Foliated metamorphic rocks include
39
Non-foliated metamorphic rocks include
40
The most abundant element in Earth’s crust is
41
The most abundant metal in Earth’s crust is
42
43
Which of these is a nonrenewable natural
resource?
Which of these is renewable natural resource?
44
Fossil fuels include
45
Hydroelectric energy
46
The Earth’s core is mostly
47
The inner core is
48
The outer core is
49
Earth’s mantle is
50
Earth’s crust is
51
Plates that move into each other are
52
Plates that move away from each other are
53
At plate boundaries you can find
54
Folded mountains are found at
55
Trenches are found at
56
Earthquake activity can occur at
a.
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
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b.
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b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
Answer Choices
underground.
c. in the core.
on the surface.
d. in the mantle.
huge crystal grains.
large amounts of uranium.
small crystal grains.
small amounts of steel.
large mineral grains.
individual mineral grains stuck together.
a coarse texture.
all of these.
intrusive.
c. liquid rock.
extrusive.
d. made of ice crystals.
shale.
c. granite.
sandstone.
d. scoria.
precipitated crystals.
cemented rock fragments.
chunks of lava.
water and air.
precipitates.
organic remains of dead algae.
molten sediments.
molten metamorphosed rock.
metamorphic.
c. extrusive.
igneous.
d. sedimentary.
clastic.
c. semi-clastic.
non-clastic.
d. elastic.
sedimentary.
c. foliated.
igneous.
d. non-foliated.
sedimentary.
c. foliated.
igneous.
d. non-foliated.
slate.
c. gneiss.
schist.
d. all of these.
marble.
c. slate.
granite.
d. schist.
oxygen.
c. methane.
nitrogen.
d. water.
iron.
c. silicone.
aluminum.
d. silicon.
wind.
c. sunlight.
petroleum .
d. surface water.
old growth trees.
c. sunlight.
oil.
d. aluminum.
mammoths.
c. coal.
trilobites.
d. hydrogen.
causes little pollution.
c. is based on stream flow.
utilizes dams.
d. all these.
steel.
c. iron.
helium.
d. plasma.
liquid.
c. semisolid.
solid.
d. gaseous.
liquid.
c. rocky & plastic semisolid.
solid.
d. gaseous.
solid & brittle.
c. rocky & plastic (semisolid).
liquid.
d. gaseous.
solid & brittle.
c. rocky & plastic (semisolid).
liquid.
d. gaseous.
divergent.
c. convergent.
transform.
d. all of these.
divergent.
c. convergent.
transform.
d. all of these.
earthquakes.
c. trenches.
volcanoes.
d. all of these.
divergent boundaries.
c. transform boundaries.
convergent boundaries. d. all of these.
divergent boundaries.
c. transform boundaries.
convergent boundaries. d. all of these.
divergent boundaries.
c. transform boundaries.
convergent boundaries. d. all of these.
Geologic Processes
Unit
Ans.
#
57
Question
Mid-ocean ridges occur at
58
Subduction zones occur at
59
Rift valleys are features of
60
Strike-slip faults are always found at
61
A crack or break in Earth’s crust is called a
62
Most active faults are located at or near
63
64
The Appalachian Mountains of Virginia are an
example of
Liquid rock below the surface is
65
Liquid rock above the surface is
66
Seafloor spreading is occurring
67
The first seismic wave to arrive is the
68
72
The ___ scale is used to measure earthquake
magnitude.
The process by which rocks are broken down
physically and chemically is
The process by which rock fragments are
removed and deposited somewhere else is
When rock fragments are moved by wind, water,
or ice they settle out as
Soil is made of
73
Soil ultimately begins as
74
Soil layers are called
75
Karst topography has many
76
Limestone is
77
79
The ability of sediment or rock to transmit liquids
such as water is called
If a material holds back liquids such as water,
the material is said to be
A valley that is U-shaped is a(n) ___ valley.
80
A valley that is V-shaped is a(n) ___ valley.
81
Identify the correct relative positions of
groundwater zones.
82
The remains of life forms found in rock are
83
Nearly all fossils are found in
84
85
Placing events in a sequence without assigning a
numerical age is
A fossilized impression in a rock is a
86
Relative time is measured using
87
Placing a numerical age on something is
88
Material that fills a fossil mold is called a
89
Radioactive decay measures
69
70
Historic Geology
Freshwater Processes
71
78
a.
b.
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b.
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b.
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b.
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b.
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c.
d.
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b.
a.
b.
Answer Choices
divergent boundaries.
c. transform boundaries.
convergent boundaries. d. all of these.
divergent boundaries.
c. transform boundaries.
convergent boundaries. d. all of these.
divergent boundaries.
c. transform boundaries.
convergent boundaries. d. all of these.
divergent boundaries.
c. transform boundaries.
convergent boundaries. d. all of these.
karst.
c. mountain.
cave.
d. fault.
the ocean.
c. plate boundaries.
the poles.
d. the equator.
fault block mountains. c. folded mountains.
volcanic mountains.
d. thrust mountains.
lava.
c. pyroclastic flow.
magma.
d. all of these.
lava.
c. pyroclastic flow.
magma.
d. all of these.
in the Pacific Ocean.
c. in the Indian Ocean.
in the Atlantic Ocean.
d. all of these.
P wave
c. R wave
L wave
d. S wave
Saffir-Simpson
c. Beaufort
Fujita
d. Richter
weathering.
c. volcanism.
erosion.
d. none of these.
weathering.
c. volcanism.
erosion.
d. none of these.
sediment.
c. solid rock.
ash.
d. water.
rock fragments.
c. weathered rock.
humus.
d. all of these.
the A horizon.
c. the C horizon.
the B horizon.
d. parent material.
horizons.
c. layers.
strata.
d. all of these.
caves.
c. limestone outcrops.
sink holes.
d. all of these.
soluble in acidic water. c. soluble in alcohol.
insoluble in any liquid. d. soluble in iron.
porosity.
c. transmission.
permeability.
d. wellability.
impermeable.
c. porous.
permeable.
d. imporous.
continental
c. glacier
river
d.
island
continental
c. glacier
river
d.
island
Water Table – Zone of Saturation – Zone of Aeration
Zone of Saturation – Zone of Aeration – Water Table
Zone of Aeration – Zone of Saturation – Water Table
Zone of Aeration – Water Table – Zone of Saturation
fossils.
c. coal.
petroleum.
d. all of these.
igneous rock.
c. sedimentary rock.
metamorphic rock.
d. lava.
absolute time.
c. about time.
relative time.
d. all of these.
mold.
c. bone.
cast.
d. skull.
fossils.
c. crosscutting relationships.
superposition.
d. all of these.
absolute time.
c. about time.
relative time.
d. all of these.
mold.
c. jellyfish.
cast.
d. water molecule.
absolute time.
c. about time.
relative time.
d. all of these.
Historical
Geology
Unit
Ans.
#
90
Question
Older rocks are on the bottom and younger rocks
are on top. This describes ___
91
Which of these is NOT a method of fossilization?
92
The estimated age of the Earth is __ years.
93
Virginia’s major rock and mineral resources
include
An estuary
94
Virginia Geology and the Chesapeake Bay
95
96
Which of these is NOT a physiographic province
of Virginia?
Virginia’s Coastal Plain lies over
97
The Piedmont of Virginia is characterized by
98
The oldest rocks in Virginia are found in the
99
Some rocks in the Blue Ridge have been
100
The Valley & Ridge province of Virginia is
101
The Appalachian Plateau is actually
102
104
Abundant limestone in the Valley & Ridge
province of Virginia lead to
The three regional watershed systems of Virginia
lead to
In Virginia, most of the fossils we find are
105
In Virginia, we can find fossils from
106
Most ocean waves are generated by
107
Gravitational pulls of the sun and moon cause
108
High and low tides occur about
109
The highest high tide is called
110
Generally, warm ocean water travels toward
111
Generally, cold ocean water travels toward
112
When the glacial ice caps melt
113
When the glacial ice caps grow
114
Upwellings
115
Algae in the ocean
116
Heat stored in the oceans causes
Oceanography
103
Answer Choices
c. superposition.
d. superrelation.
a.
b.
superstition.
superstation.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
permineralization.
c. freezing.
mummification.
d. incineration.
4.6 billion
c. 3.8 billion
4.6 million
d. 14 billion
crushed stone for road-building.
c. coal for energy.
limestone for making concrete.
d. all of these.
is what the Chesapeake Bay is.
is a body of water where salt and fresh water mix.
is an area of varying salinity.
all of these
Coastal Plain
c. Piedmont
Valley & Ridge
d. Tectonic Highlands
unconsolidated sediments.
eroded fragments from the Appalachians.
young sediments.
all of these.
rolling hills.
c. loess deposits.
steep mountains.
d. many deep valleys.
Piedmont.
c. Valley & Ridge.
Blue Ridge.
d. Coastal Plain.
melted.
c. metamorphosed.
vaporized.
d. all of these.
a mile wide.
c. sitting on folded & faulted
rocks.
4 miles wide.
d. used for cattle feed.
a series of plateaus.
sitting on flat sedimentary rocks.
plateaus separated by faults.
all of these.
karst topography.
c. rain on Sundays.
migrating birds.
d. all of these.
the Chesapeake Bay.
c. the Gulf of Mexico.
North Carolina Sounds. d. all of these.
dinosaurs.
c. marine organisms.
jellyfish.
d. cows.
the Paleozoic.
c. the Cenozoic.
the Mesozoic.
d. all of these.
earthquakes.
c. wind.
gravity.
d. tides.
earthquakes.
c. wind.
gravity.
d. tides.
1 per day each.
c. 3 per day each.
2 per day each .
d. 4 per day each.
spring tide.
c. Christmas tide.
neap tide.
d. tide with bleach.
the equator.
c. the poles.
rivers.
d. lakes.
the equator.
c. the poles.
rivers.
d. lakes.
sea levels fall.
c. sea levels stay constant.
sea levels rise.
d. the oceans all dry up.
sea levels fall.
c. sea levels stay constant.
sea levels rise.
d. the oceans all dry up.
bring nutrient-rich water to the ocean’s surface.
are areas of intense biological activity in the ocean.
are essential in the food chain of the ocean.
all of these.
produce oxygen for the atmosphere.
are always bright green.
are animals.
none of these
near shore climates to be different that continental
interior climates.
ocean currents.
weather changes.
all of these
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
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b.
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b.
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a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Unit
Ans.
#
117
Question
Earth’s weather is driven by
118
Earth’s early atmosphere contained high levels of
119
Cyanobacteria consume ___ and release ___.
120
Another name for cyanobacteria is
121
The waste product of photosynthesis is
122
Animal life began to thrive after
123
Earth’s atmosphere is
124
The atmosphere of Venus is mostly
125
The atmosphere of Mars is
126
Dust and gasses are ejected into the atmosphere
by
Water vapor and carbon dioxide affect the ability
of Earth’s atmosphere to absorb and retain
Day-to-day changes in the conditions of the
atmosphere is called
Typical weather patterns for a location over a
long period of time describes
127
128
Meteorology
129
130
The seasons change because of
131
Equatorial regions receive
132
Polar regions receive
133
To form a cloud
134
To form a cloud, air temperature must be
135
Four factors that influence climate are
136
Cloud droplets join together to form
137
Coriolis force causes winds to
138
Global wind patterns result from
139
In general, air rises at the __ and sinks at the
__.
140
Earth’s climate zones are
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
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b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
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b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Answer Choices
cosmic radiation.
c. the oceans.
continental drift.
d. plate tectonics.
water vapor.
c. ammonia.
carbon dioxide.
d. all of these
oxygen – carbon dioxide c. ammonia - oxygen
carbon dioxide - oxygen d. nitrogen – oxygen
blue-green algae.
c. blue algae.
green algae.
d. Harry.
oxygen.
c. carbon dioxide.
nitrogen.
d. methane.
cyanobacteria became plentiful enough for them to eat.
cyanobacteria produced enough carbon dioxide.
cyanobacteria produced enough oxygen.
Professor Dumbledore waved his magic wand.
where weather occurs. c. about 21% oxygen.
about 78% nitrogen.
d. all of these.
ammonia.
c. water vapor.
carbon dioxide.
d. sulfur dioxide.
mostly carbon dioxide. c. mostly nitrogen.
mostly oxygen.
d. all of these.
meteor impacts.
c. human activities.
volcanoes .
d. all of these.
heat.
c. mineral dust.
air.
d. ocean salt.
flooding.
c. plate tectonics.
weather.
d. ozone.
weather.
c. ocean currents.
climate.
d. plate tectonics.
Earth’s distance from the sun.
Earth’s ocean currents.
Earth’s axis tilt.
melting of polar ice caps.
more direct solar radiation.
less direct solar radiation.
deadly amounts of solar radiation.
no solar radiation.
more direct solar radiation.
less direct solar radiation.
deadly amounts of solar radiation.
no solar radiation.
the atmosphere must be cleared of all foreign matter.
have an abundance of oxygen.
have an abundance of nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
have an abundant amount of condensation nuclei and
water vapor.
below the dew point
c. above 100 degrees C
above the dew point
d. about 85 degrees F
latitude, elevation, nearness to bodies of water and
position relative to mountains.
latitude, longitude, water in the air and solar radiation.
longitude, water vapor, heat input and continent color.
continent color, vegetation, rock types and air pressure.
rain.
c. snow.
sleet.
d. all of these.
get stronger.
get weaker.
blow to the poles.
deflect to the right or left in our hemispheres.
even surface heating.
c. ice cap depth.
uneven surface heating. d. ocean depth.
poles, equator
ocean bottom, wave height
equator, poles
equator, oceans
polar, temperate, oceanic.
tropical, continental, polar.
polar, eastern, western.
polar, temperate, tropical.
Astronomy
Meteorology
Unit
Ans.
#
141
Question
Tornadoes are small areas of extreme
142
Hurricanes are massive areas of extreme
143
Low pressure in the Northern hemisphere spins
144
High pressure in the Northern hemisphere spins
145
The ozone layer is possibly being destroyed by
146
The theory that the universe began as a very
hot, dense mass that exploded is The
147
148
The Solar Nebula Theory explains the formation
of the
The condensation of interstellar gas forms
149
The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows
150
Spiral, elliptical and irregular describe
151
Our star system is located in the
152
A light year is
153
We get most of our information about our galaxy
and universe from
154
Earth’s position in the solar system is
155
Earth’s moon is
156
157
The fourth position in the solar system is
occupied by
The fourth planet from the sun is
158
The tilt of Earth on its axis causes
159
Equinoxes occur
160
Solstices occur
161
Earth __ on its axis.
162
Earth __ around the sun.
163
Relative positions during a Lunar eclipse:
164
Relative positions during a Solar eclipse:
165
High tides occur on Earth’s side ___ the moon.
166
Low tides occur on Earth’s side __ the moon.
167
Water occurs in all 3 states (solid, liquid, gas) on
Earth because of Earth’s
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
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b.
c.
d.
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b.
a.
b.
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b.
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b.
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b.
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b.
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b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
Answer Choices
low pressure.
c. moderate pressure.
high pressure.
d. no pressure.
low pressure.
c. moderate pressure.
high pressure.
d. no pressure.
out of control.
c. counterclockwise.
clockwise.
d. sideways.
out of control.
c. counterclockwise.
clockwise.
d. sideways.
chlorofluorohydrocarbons.
hydrologicyclecarbons.
carboflarboharpocarbons.
all of these.
Expanding Universe Theory.
Big Bang Theory.
Theory of Relativity.
Theory of Evolution.
sun.
c. universe.
stars.
d. planets.
planets.
c. stars.
moons.
d. the universe.
star luminosity and temperature.
spring tension rates.
star temperature and position.
the position of stars in the galaxy.
stars.
c. planets.
moons.
d. galaxies.
Orion Nebula.
c. Irregular Galaxy.
Milky Way Galaxy.
d. Globular Galaxy.
a year’s worth of light on a surface.
a year’s worth of light in space.
the distance light travels in a year.
the time it takes light to travel a mile.
ground-based observations.
psychics.
books.
TV.
#1.
c. #3.
#2.
d. #4.
an artificial satellite.
c. not really a satellite.
a natural satellite.
d. made of cheese.
Pluto.
c. The Asteroid Belt.
Earth.
d. Mars.
Pluto.
c. The Asteroid Belt.
Earth.
d. Mars.
rain.
c. the seasons.
the oceans to expand. d. night and day.
in spring & fall.
c. every 4 years.
in summer & winter.
d. on April 15.
in spring & fall.
c. every 4 years.
in summer & winter.
d. on April 15.
revolves
c. speeds up
rotates
d. goes straight
revolves
c. speeds up
rotates
d. goes straight
Moon – Earth – Sun.
Earth – Sun – Moon.
Earth – Moon – Sun.
Mars – Moon – Jupiter.
Moon – Earth – Sun.
Earth – Sun – Moon.
Earth – Moon – Sun.
Mars – Moon – Jupiter.
at right angles to
c. on
facing
d. behind
at right angles to
c. on
facing
d. behind
tectonic activity.
c. ocean heat retention.
active volcanoes.
d. position in the solar
system.
Astronomy
Unit
Ans.
#
168
Question
The sun consists mostly of
169
The power of the Sun comes from
170
Planets in the solar system are of __ types.
171
The inner planets are
172
The outer planets are
173
Pluto has an
174
Moons of the planets
175
Comets orbit
176
Comets consist mostly of
177
Meteorites mostly come from
178
Asteroids are made of
179
The first people to land on the moon were from
180
Which of these has expanded our knowledge of
the universe?
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Answer Choices
Helium.
c. Nitrogen.
Oxygen.
d. Hydrogen.
nuclear fission
c. nuclear winter.
nuclear fusion
d. nuclear families.
1
c. 3
2
d. 4
rocky.
c. watery.
gaseous.
d. made of hydrogen.
rocky.
c. watery.
gaseous.
d. made of hydrogen.
unknown composition. c. ocean of water.
erratic rotation.
d. atmosphere of oxygen.
are all made of iron oxide.
are all made of hydrogen.
are all made of ice.
have varying compositions.
the moon.
c. the Sun.
Earth.
d. Jupiter.
water.
c. steel.
iron.
d. frozen gases.
the Sun.
c. Pluto.
asteroids.
d. the stars.
rock.
c. water.
frozen gas.
d. soil.
Apollo 11.
c. Gemini 3.
Apollo 1.
d. Mercury 1.
optical telescopes
radio telescopes
the Hubble Space Telescopes
all of these
Answer Key
Q#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
Ans.
A
B
D
A
C
A
D
D
B
C
A
B
B
D
B
D
A
C
C
D
D
B
D
A
C
C
B
C
D
B
D
B
A
D
B
C
D
D
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
Q#
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Ans.
C
B
A
C
A
C
A
D
B
B
D
A
B
A
C
D
C
C
B
A
B
A
D
A
B
A
D
D
A
D
A
B
A
C
B
D
A
C
B
A
D
A
B
A
C
Q#
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
Ans.
D
A
D
D
D
D
A
B
C
C
A
A
D
C
D
C
D
B
A
A
C
B
A
D
A
D
C
D
B
A
A
C
D
B
A
D
A
B
B
C
A
B
D
B
A
Q#
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
Ans.
D
D
B
C
D
A
A
C
B
A
B
D
C
A
D
B
C
A
C
B
D
D
C
A
B
B
A
A
C
B
A
D
D
B
B
A
B
A
D
C
D
B
A
A
D