Download Warm-Up September 12, 2014

Warm-Up
September 11, 2014
• How is forensic anthropology used to
identify skeletal remains?
An inconsiderate slob dumped trash on Rachel Rabbit's lawn.
One of these two suspects is guilty. Slylock Fox found
evidence that may identify the loathsome litterbug.
What did Slylock observe to help him identify the trash tosser?
Source: http://www.slylockfox.com/arcade/BrainBogglers/index.html
Slylock found bones in the trash.
The bull is an herbivore and only eats plants.
The raccoon is an omnivore and eats both plants and
animals. The raccoon is the trash tosser.
Objective
• SWBAT describe the various procedures
used during an autopsy.
Agenda
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Review No Bones About It
Real CSI Video
Death
Autopsies
Exit Slip
No Bones About It
At a nearby construction zone, workers have made a startling
discovery. They uncovered several bones that look like they
were buried some time ago. You are part of a team of
forensic anthropologists who have been called in to analyze
these bones.
Unfortunately, the bones were heavily damaged by
the construction equipment. The bones have all been mixed
up, and several have been crushed. However, you think you
can use the bones that are left to:
1) determine how many people were buried at this location
and
2) determine the heights of the different individuals.
Real CSI Forensic Pathology
1. What is the difference between a coroner
and a medical examiner?
2. What are considered reportable deaths?
3. What is cause of death?
Death
• Death is the cessation, or end, of life.
Four Manners of Death
• Natural Causes
– When the body ceases to function of its own accord or if there are
mitigating medical factors such as terminal illness, heart disease
or the like, which would bring about death
• Homicide:
– The taking of one human life by another human being by means
of pre-meditated murder. The term pre-meditated means to have
purposely planned and executed the murder of another human
being in cold blood whilst trying to elude capture by the
authorities.
• Accidental Death
– The death of an individual by means other than natural death,
murder or suicide. Accidental death can sometimes be
manslaughter - murder but committed out of an involuntary act of
violence towards another.
• Suicide
– The deliberate taking of one's own life due to extreme emotional
distress often brought about by severe depression.
Cause vs. Manner vs. Mechanism
• Cause of Death
– Immediate reason for a person’s death
• Manner of Death
– A mean by which someone dies
• Mechanism of Death
– The specific body failure that leads to the death
Livor, Rigor & Algor Mortis
• Livor mortis -the pooling of the blood in
tissues after death, causing changes in the
skin’s color
• Rigor mortis-the stiffening of the skeletal
muscles after death
• Algor mortis -the cooling of the body after
death
Livor Mortis
• Heart stops beating which had been
mixing blood
• Red blood cells are denser so they sink
• Maroon to blue color develops at lowest
points
• Visible 30 minutes - 12 hours after death
• Tells you if the body was moved.
Livor Mortis
• Pressure prevents pooling
Livor Mortis
Rigor Mortis
Rigor Mortis
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•
•
•
Skeletal muscles partially contract
Joints stiffen, lock in place
Beginning about 2 hours after death
Lasting about 30 hours
Algor Mortis
• Rate of cooling of body after death
– 1.5 °F per hour under “normal conditions”
• 0.78 Degrees Celsius
Algor Mortis
• Clothing
– Insulates body from heat loss
• Obesity
– Fat insulates, temperature falls more slowly
• Ratio of surface area to volume
– Children, thin people cool faster
• In water?
– Cooling is faster since water is a better
conductor of heat than air
**37° C is normal body temperature**
• A man is found on the side of the road.
His body temperature is 32° C. How long
has this man been dead?
• A woman is found dead. Her body
temperature is 25° C. How long has this
woman been dead?
Decomposition of a Corpse
• Initial decay -corpse appears normal on the outside
but starts to decompose internally via autolysis
• Putrefaction-Odor of decaying flesh is present and the
corpse appears swollen
• Black putrefaction-Very strong odor and parts of the
flesh appear black. Gases escape and the corpse
collapses.
• Butyric Fermentation-Corpse begins to dry out and
most flesh is gone.
• Dry decay -Corpse is almost dry and further decay is
very slow from lack of moisture.
Steps in an Autopsy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Record basic statistics of victim
Record external observations
Recover and store trace evidences
Extract blood and urine sample
Perform Y incision
Remove breast plate
Remove, examine and weigh major organs
Examine skull and brain
Return bodily contents and stitch up skull and
body chest.
Exit Slip
September 11, 2014
• Go to m.socrative.com and complete the
exit slip (Room
417101)
• Answer the question below
QUESTION: How long has a victim been
dead, if she was found with a body
temperature of 24 degrees Celsius?