Download 20.3 Concept and Section Review Origin of the Universe (docx, 447

Due Date
Name____________________________________________________#____ Period 1 2 3 4 5 6
Assigned Date: ______
Chapter 20 Skills Worksheet: *****Due Date: _________*****
20.3 Concept Review: Pages 708-717
Section: Origin of the Universe
20.3 Section Review: Pages 708-717
SECTION VOCABULARY
Word
Definition
the theory that all matter and energy in the
big bang
universe was compressed into an extremely
theory
1. Despite all the gas, dust and stars in the universe,
the universe is still mostly
2. Explain the difference between red shift and
blue shift.
3. Explain how scientists know that the universe is
expanding.
4. Define the big bang theory.
5. Describe the three possible outcomes for the
universe.
Doppler
effect
universe
small volume that 13 billion to 15 billion
years ago exploded and began expanding in
all directions
an observed change in the frequency
of a wave when the source or observer
is moving
the sum of all space, matter, and
energy that exist, that have existed in the
past, and that will exist in the future
1. Identify Relationships: Explain how Edwin
Hubble’s observations of distant galaxies support the
big bang theory. Use the term “Doppler effect” in
your answer.
2. Explain: Why can’t we observe distant stars and
galaxies as they are right now?
3. Describe: How does the amount of matter in the
universe affect the possible futures of the universe?
4. Infer: Imagine that you are able to travel back
through time. Describe what would happen to the
universe’s size and temperature as you traveled
farther and farther back.
6.Explain how dark matter affects models of the
future of the universe.
Right on Time
CHAPTER 20: As you read this section, keep these questions in mind:
• What is the universe? • How do scientists think the universe began?
• How can scientists predict the future of the universe?
Right on Time
Due Date
Name____________________________________________________#____ Period 1 2 3 4 5 6
Assigned Date: ______
Chapter 20 Skills Worksheet: *****Due Date: _________*****
20.3 Concept Review: Pages 708-717
Section: Earthquakes and Volcanoes
1. Define each of the following:
a. P waves
20.3 Section Review: Pages 708-717
SECTION VOCABULARY
Word
Definition
the point on Earth’s surface directly
epicenter
focus
Richter
scale
seismology
surface
wave
b. S waves
vent
c. surface waves
2. Describe in your own words how a seismograph
detects and records earthquakes.
3. Explain why most earthquakes occur at tectonic
plate boundaries.
4. Contrast shield volcanoes and cinder cones.
above an earthquake’s starting point, or focus
the location within Earth along a fault at which
the first motion of an earthquake occurs
a scale that expresses the magnitude
of an earthquake
the study of earthquakes, including
their origin, propagation, energy, and prediction
in geology, a seismic wave that
travels along the surface of a medium and that
has a stronger effect near the surface of the
medium than it has in the interior
an opening at the surface of Earth through
which volcanic material passes
1. Identify: Describe the three main types of seismic
waves.
2. Understand Relationships: Why do most strong
earthquakes occur at subduction zone plate
boundaries?
3. Describe: How did scientists use information from
seismic waves to show that the outer core is liquid?
4. Explain: How can a chain of volcanoes form in
the middle of a plate, far from a plate boundary?
5. Identify: At which kind of plate boundary do most
underwater volcanoes occur?
5. Explain why volcanoes form at both convergent
plate boundaries and divergent plate boundaries.
Right on Time
CHAPTER 20: As you read this section, keep these questions in mind:
• What is the universe? • How do scientists think the universe began?
• How can scientists predict the future of the universe?
Right on Time
Due Date
Name____________________________________________________#____ Period 1 2 3 4 5 6
Assigned Date: ______
Chapter 20 Skills Worksheet: *****Due Date: _________*****
20.3 Concept Review: Pages 708-717
20.3 Section Review: Pages 708-717
1.Explain why a ceramic bowl will keep oatmeal hot
longer than a stainless steel bowl.
Word
convection
2. Explain which method of heat transfer can take
place if two objects at different temperatures are
placed without touching each other in a vacuum.
convection
current
radiation
3.
Calculate how much energy must be transferred
as heat in each of the following situations. Use
the following equation:
energy = (specific heat) × mass × (temperature change)
a. A 100 kg tank of water is warmed from 10°C
to 25°C; specific heat = 4,180 J/kg • K
b. 100 kg of steam is raised from 120°C to
135°C; specific heat = 1,870 J/kg • K
4. Explain why steam (gas) has a lower specific
heat than water (liquid).
5. Describe the method of heat transfer involved
when you mix hot water with cold water to make
lukewarm water.
Specific
heat
Definition
the movement of matter due to differences
in density that are caused by temperature
variations; can result in the transfer of
energy as heat
any movement of matter
that results from differences in density;
may be vertical, circular, or cyclical
the energy that is transferred as
electromagnetic waves, such as visible
light and infrared waves
the quantity of heat required to
raise a unit mass of homogeneous material
1 K or 1 ºC in a specified way given
constant pressure and volume
the transfer of energy as
heat through a material
thermal
conduction
1. Explain: Why are most cooking pots and pans
made from metal?
2. Identify: Fill in the blanks in the table below.
Example
Type of Energy
Transfer
The moon’s surface has a higher
temperature on the side facing the sun.
When cold water is poured into a glass,
the glass becomes colder.
Warm ocean water carries heat from the
equator toward the poles.
The pavement in a parking lot becomes
hot on a sunny day.
3. Draw Conclusions: Convection occurs within the
rock in Earth’s mantle. What can you conclude about
the rock in the mantle based on this information?
(Hint: In what kind of matter can convection occur?)
6.
Determine which is the best type of skillet.
Some people prefer a heavy cast iron skillet
while others prefer a thin stainless steel one.
(Hint: Think about how each skillet conducts
heat.) Explain your answer.
4. Infer: Why can energy move through outer space
by radiation, but not by convection or conduction?
5. Calculate: A container holds 2.0 kg of liquid
water. The water absorbs 477 kJ of energy. If the
water’s initial temperature was 298 K, what is its
final temperature?
Show your work. (Hint: Rearrange the energy
equation to solve for DT.)
Section Vocabulary
Right on Time
CHAPTER 20: As you read this section, keep these questions in mind:
• What is the universe? • How do scientists think the universe began?
• How can scientists predict the future of the universe?
Right on Time
Due Date
Name____________________________________________________#____ Period 1 2 3 4 5 6
Assigned Date: ______
Chapter 20 Skills Worksheet: *****Due Date: _________*****
20.3 Concept Review: Pages 708-717
20.3 Section Review: Pages 708-717
b. the depth of the water
Section: Sound
1.Explain why the speed of sound changes if the
temperature of the medium changes.
SECTION VOCABULARY
Word
Definition
slow vibrations of frequencies lower
infrasound
pitch
2. Explain what factors affect the loudness of a
sound.
resonance
sonar
3. Describe how to change the pitch of a note
played on a stringed instrument.
sound wave
ultrasound
than 20 Hz
a measure of how high or low a sound is
perceived to be, depending on the
frequency of the sound wave
a phenomenon that occurs when
two objects naturally vibrate at the same
frequency; the sound produced by one
object causes the other object to vibrate
sound navigation and ranging, a system
that uses acoustic signals and returned
echoes to determine the location of
objects or to communicate
a longitudinal wave that is caused
by vibrations and that travels through a
material medium
any sound wave with frequencies
higher that 20,000 Hz
1. Compare: Give one similarity and one difference
between infrasound and ultrasound.
4. Describe the difference between infrasound and
ultrasound, and provide one example of how
each is used.
2. Identify: What are two factors that affect the
intensity of sound?
3. Describe: A flute player plays two notes. The
second note is louder and has a higher pitch than the
first note. Describe how the frequencies and
amplitudes of the two notes are different.
5. Describe how sound waves travel from the air
through the ear.
4. Describe: Fill in the blanks in the boxes below to
show how the human ear works.
6. Determine the following distances based on the
sonar data given. A ship sends a sound pulse
downward and receives the reflected sound 2.50 s
later. (Hint: Use the formula d = vt. Assume the
speed of sound in sea water is 1,540 m/s.)
a. the total distance traveled by the sound pulse
5. Compare Give one similarity and one difference
between sonograms and sonar.
Right on Time
CHAPTER 20: As you read this section, keep these questions in mind:
• What is the universe? • How do scientists think the universe began?
• How can scientists predict the future of the universe?
Right on Time
Due Date
Name____________________________________________________#____ Period 1 2 3 4 5 6
Assigned Date: ______
Chapter 20 Skills Worksheet: *****Due Date: _________*****
20.3 Concept Review: Pages 708-717
20.3 Section Review: Pages 708-717
constructive
interference
Section: Wave Interactions
1. Describe the behavior of the waves in the
following situations, and give an example of
each type of behavior.
a. Waves strike a surface or boundary.
destructive
interference
diffraction
interference
b. Waves pass an edge or an opening.
reflection
c. Waves pass from one medium to another.
d. Waves pass through another wave.
2.Draw two waves that will interfere constructively
and two waves that will interfere destructively,
and draw the resulting wave produced in each
case. Label each case constructive or destructive
interference.
refraction
a superposition of
two or more waves that produces an
intensity equal to the sum of the
intensities of the individual waves
a superposition of two or more waves
that produces an intensity equal to the
difference of the intensities of the
individual waves
a change in the direction of a wave
when the wave finds an obstacle or an
edge, such as an opening
the combination of two or more
waves that results in a single wave
the bouncing back of a ray of light,
sound, or heat when the ray hits a
surface that it does not go through
the bending of a wave front as the
wave front passes between two
substances in which the speed of the
wave differs
a pattern of vibration that simulates a
wave that is standing still
standing
wave
1. Compare: Give one difference and one similarity
between constructive interference and destructive
interference.
2. Identify: What allows you to hear sounds in a
room when you are standing outside the door?
Explain how this effect works.
3. Compare: How is refraction different from
diffraction?
3.Determine the wavelength of the standing waves in
the figure below. The string is 1.5 m long.
4. Infer: The crest of wave A has an amplitude of 5
cm. The trough of wave B has an amplitude of 2 cm.
If the crest of wave A combines with the trough of
wave B, what will be the amplitude of the resulting
wave?
Will the waves form a crest or a trough when they
combine?
5. Draw Conclusions A student ties a rope to a
doorknob. The student moves the rope to create a
standing wave with two nodes and one antinode. In
the space below, draw what the standing wave looks
like.
KEY ID
Section Vocabulary
Word
Right on Time
Definition
CHAPTER 20: As you read this section, keep these questions in mind:
• What is the universe? • How do scientists think the universe began?
• How can scientists predict the future of the universe?
Right on Time
Due Date
Name____________________________________________________#____ Period 1 2 3 4 5 6
Assigned Date: ______
Chapter 20 Skills Worksheet: *****Due Date: _________*****
20.3 Concept Review: Pages 708-717
20.3 Section Review: Pages 708-717
4. Describe: As the frequency of a wave increases,
what happens to its period and wavelength if its
speed stays the same?
SECTION VOCABULARY
Word
Definition
the maximum distance that the
particles of a wave’s medium vibrate
amplitude
from their rest position
an observed change in the frequency
Doppler
of a wave when the source or observer
effect
is moving
the number of cycles or vibrations
per unit of time; also the number of
frequency
waves produced in a given amount of
time
in physics, the time that it takes a
complete cycle or wave oscillation to
period
occur
wavelength the distance from any point on a wave
to an identical point on the next wave
1. Identify: On the figure below, label the amplitude
and wavelength of the wave.
: Types of Waves
1. Give three examples of mechanical waves, and
identify the medium through which they travel.
Mechanical Wave
Medium
2. a. Name the one type of wave that does not
require a medium. _____________________
b. State what oscillates in this type of wave.
3. Describe the motion of the particles in the
medium for each type of wave.
Wave Type
Motion of Particles
Transverse
Longitudinal
How does this motion compare to the direction
the wave travels?
2. Calculate: Green light has a wavelength of 5.20 ×
10-7 m. The speed of light is 3.00 × 108 m/s.
What is the frequency of green light waves?
Show your work. (Hint: 1 m/s ÷ 1 m = 1 Hz.)
3. U A scientist strikes a long metal bar with a
hammer. The energy produces waves that travel
through the bar and through the air.
Which will reach the end of the bar first, the wave
traveling through the bar or the one traveling through
the air?
Explain your answer.
Right on Time
4. Explain what happens to the motion of a particle
as a wave passes through a medium.
How is the motion of the particle like the motion
of a mass on a spring?
5. Use this figure that shows the
pattern of wave fronts that are
formed when a pebble is
dropped into a pool of water.
a. Compare the height of the
wave fronts in circles A, B, and C.
b. Indicate the wave front in which the energy
of the wave is most spread out.
CHAPTER 20: As you read this section, keep these questions in mind:
• What is the universe? • How do scientists think the universe began?
• How can scientists predict the future of the universe?
Right on Time
Due Date
Name____________________________________________________#____ Period 1 2 3 4 5 6
Assigned Date: ______
Chapter 20 Skills Worksheet: *****Due Date: _________*****
20.3 Concept Review: Pages 708-717
20.3 Section Review: Pages 708-717
.
c. Compare the amount of total energy in each
of the wave fronts.
SECTION VOCABULARY
Word
Definition
the highest point of a wave
crest
electromagnetic
wave
longitudinal
wave
mechanical
wave
medium
transverse
wave
trough
Section: Simple Machines x
1. Name an example of each of the following types
of simple machines:
a wave that consists of
oscillating electric and magnetic fields, which
radiate outward at the speed of light
a wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate
parallel to the direction of wave motion
a wave that requires a medium
through which to travel
a physical environment in which
phenomena occur
a wave in which the particles of the medium move
perpendicularly to the direction the wave is
traveling
the lowest point of a wave
1. Compare Give two similarities and one difference
between mechanical waves and electromagnetic
waves.
a. lever
b. wedge
c. pulley
d. wheel and axle
e. inclined plane
f. screw
2. Draw the three types of levers, and label the
input force, output force, and fulcrum on each.
First class
lever
Second class
lever
Third class
lever
2. Apply Concepts: Why can light travel through
outer space, but sound cannot?
3. Compare: What is the difference between how
transverse waves and longitudinal waves move
particles?
Longitudinal Waves
Transverse
4. Identify Problems: A student is describing a
longitudinal wave in his notebook. She writes down
“The distance between crests is 3 cm.” What is
wrong with what the student recorded?
3. Compare a wedge and a screw with an inclined
plane.
4. Describe how an inclined plane increases the
force without changing the amount of work
done.
5. Explain how a wheelbarrow is a compound
machine.
5. Explain Why does a noise sound fainter as
you move away from its source?
Right on Time
CHAPTER 20: As you read this section, keep these questions in mind:
• What is the universe? • How do scientists think the universe began?
• How can scientists predict the future of the universe?
Right on Time
Due Date
Name____________________________________________________#____ Period 1 2 3 4 5 6
Assigned Date: ______
Chapter 20 Skills Worksheet: *****Due Date: _________*****
20.3 Concept Review: Pages 708-717
20.3 Section Review: Pages 708-717
(Hint: Can the height of a ramp ever be greater than
SECTION 1 Work, Power, and Machines
SECTION VOCABULARY
Word
Definition
a machine made of more
compound
than one simple machine
machine
one of the six basic types of machines,
simple
which are the basis for all other forms
machine
of machines
its length?)
1. List: What are the six simple machines?
2. Compare: How does the input distance of a single
fixed pulley compare to the output distance?
Explain your answer.
(Hint: How are force and distance related?)
3. Infer: Why are wedges and screws part of the
inclined plane family of simple machines?
4. Compare: How are second-class levers and thirdclass levers similar? How are they different?
similar?
different?
5. Explain: How are fixed pulleys similar to firstclass levers?
6. Infer: Can a simple inclined plane have a
mechanical advantage less than one?
Explain your answer.
Right on Time
Section: Work, Power, and Machines
1. Define each of the following terms, and write the
equation for each.
a. work
b. power
c. mechanical advantage
2. Explain the relationship between work and
power.
3. Explain how machines make work easier if they
still require that the same amount of work be
done.
4. Calculate the amount of work done when a
grocery store stocker uses 120 N of force to lift a
sack of flour 1.5 m onto a shelf.
5. Calculate the average power in kilowatts
required to pull a car up a ramp if the amount of
work is 250 kJ over a period of 45 s.
CHAPTER 20: As you read this section, keep these questions in mind:
• What is the universe? • How do scientists think the universe began?
• How can scientists predict the future of the universe?
Right on Time
Due Date
Name____________________________________________________#____ Period 1 2 3 4 5 6
Assigned Date: ______
Chapter 20 Skills Worksheet: *****Due Date: _________*****
20.3 Concept Review: Pages 708-717
6. Calculate the mechanical advantage of a group
of pulleys used to raise an engine from a car. The
engine is raised 1.2 m with the pulleys when 4.8
m of rope is pulled through the pulleys.
Section: What Is Energy?
1. Define the following terms:
a. kinetic energy
b. potential energy
20.3 Section Review: Pages 708-717
7. Contrast chemical energy with mechanical
energy.
SECTION VOCABULARY
Word
Definition
the capacity to do work
energy
the energy of an object that is due to the
kinetic
object’s motion
energy
the amount of work an object can do
mechanica
because of the object’s kinetic and potential
l energy
energies
the energy that an object has because of the
potential
position, shape, or condition of the object
energy
1.
c. mechanical energy
2. Calculate the gravitational potential energy of a
95 kg rock at the top of a 45 m cliff. The
acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2.
Explain: A boy on a bicycle is resting at
the top of a hill. Then, he rides his bicycle
down the hill.
Describe how the boy’s potential and kinetic
energy differ at the top, middle, and bottom of
the hill.
Top of the
Middle of
Bottom of the Hill
Hill
the Hill
KE
KE
KE
PE
3. Calculate the kinetic energy of a bicyclist
traveling at 11 m/s. The total mass of the cyclist
and the bike is 74 kg.
4. Identify the type of energy stored in a stretched
bungee cord.
5. Explain how sunlight is converted into potential
energy by plants.
6. Explain how the kinetic energy of an object
changes when the speed of the object doubles.
Right on Time
PE
PE
2. Describe: Fill in the table. Decide what
form or forms of energy apply to each situation
and whether each form is mechanical or nonmechanical energy.
Situation
Form(s) of
Mechanical or
Energy
nonmechanical?
Frisbee moving
KE and PE
through the air
Cup of hot soup
Sunlight
Boulder sitting
at the top of a
hill
A lit
Light bulb
Non-mechanical
electrical energy
and light energy
3. Apply Concepts: Why are water storage
tanks usually built on towers or hilltops?
CHAPTER 20: As you read this section, keep these questions in mind:
• What is the universe? • How do scientists think the universe began?
• How can scientists predict the future of the universe?
Right on Time
Due Date
Name____________________________________________________#____ Period 1 2 3 4 5 6
Assigned Date: ______
Chapter 20 Skills Worksheet: *****Due Date: _________*****
20.3 Concept Review: Pages 708-717
4. Calculate: What is the potential energy of a
35 kg child sitting at the top of a slide that is
3.5 m above the ground? What is her kinetic
energy if she moves down the slide at a speed
of 5.0 m/s? Show your work.
PE
KE
3. Calculate the efficiency of the following
machines:
a. A lever is used to lift a 45 N rock. The
applied force is 75 N.
b. A pulley system raises a 39 N log with an
applied force of 45 N.
c. You do 425 J of work to push a 75 N box up a
ramp until the box is 2.5 m above the ground.
4. Describe why a high-efficiency machine is more
desirable than a low-efficiency machine.
20.3 Section Review: Pages 708-717
efficiency
A quantity, usually expressed as a
percentage that measures the ratio of
work output to input.
1. Describe: State the law of conservation of energy
in your own words.
2. Calculate: John uses a pulley to lift the sail on his
sailboat. The sail weighs 150 N, and he must lift it
4.0 m. The pulley is 50% efficient. How much work
must be done to lift the sail? How much work must
John do on the rope to lift the sail? Show your work.
3. Calculate: A student does 100 J of work on the
handle of a bicycle pump. The pump does 40 J of
work pushing the air into the tire. What is the
efficiency of the pump? Show your work.
4. Apply Concepts: Imagine a bouncing ball that
does not lose any energy as it bounces. Could it ever
bounce to a greater height than it was dropped from?
Explain your answer.
5. Explain: Why are machines never 100% efficient?
6. Apply Concepts: Are living things open or closed
5. Explain why the height of a bouncing ball
decreases after each bounce.
systems? Explain your answer.
6. Explain how a skier, gliding down a hill,
illustrates the conservation of energy.
Explain your answer.
Section Vocabulary
Word
Definition
Right on Time
CHAPTER 20: As you read this section, keep these questions in mind:
• What is the universe? • How do scientists think the universe began?
• How can scientists predict the future of the universe?
Right on Time
Due Date
Name____________________________________________________#____ Period 1 2 3 4 5 6
Assigned Date: ______
Chapter 20 Skills Worksheet: *****Due Date: _________*****
20.3 Concept Review: Pages 708-717
20.3 Section Review: Pages 708-717
5. Compare: How is a circuit breaker different from
a fuse? How are they similar?
4. Calculate A light bulb is connected to a battery.
The battery has a voltage of 1.5 V. The light bulb has
a resistance of 3.5 Ω. What is the current in the
light bulb?
Show your work.
SECTION VOCABULARY
Word
Definition
in electricity, a device that produces an
cell
electric
current by converting chemical or
radiant
energy into electrical energy
the ability to move
electrical
an electric charge from one point to
potential
another
energy
the rate at which charges pass
electric
through a given point; measured in
current
amperes
the voltage difference in
potential
difference potential between two points in a circuit
resistance in physical science, the opposition
presented to the current by a material or
device
1. Describe According to Ohm’s law, how are
current, voltage, and resistance related?
2. Classify Fill in the blank spaces in the table below.
Conductor or insulator? Resistance: High or
Material
Conductor
Insulator
Resistance
High Low
Copper
Plastic
Air
Insulator
Silver
Low
Concrete
High
Section: Newton's First and Second Laws
3. Calculate A portable lantern uses a 24 V power
supply. The current in the lantern is 0.80 A. What is
the resistance of the lantern?
1. Interpret the following situations to determine
whether an object’s velocity is being altered by
an applied force (answer Yes or No).
Show your work.
Right on Time
CHAPTER 20: As you read this section, keep these questions in mind:
• What is the universe? • How do scientists think the universe began?
• How can scientists predict the future of the universe?
Right on Time
Due Date
Name____________________________________________________#____ Period 1 2 3 4 5 6
Assigned Date: ______
Chapter 20 Skills Worksheet: *****Due Date: _________*****
20.3 Concept Review: Pages 708-717
A
A batter hits a baseball
upward into right field.
B
A satellite orbits Earth at
a constant speed of
7,000 m/s.
C
A submarine moves due
east at a constant speed
of 45 m/s.
D
A falling book lands on
the floor with a precollision speed of 9 m/s.
2. Calculate the acceleration of an 82 kg couch that
is pushed across the floor with an unbalanced
force of 21 N.
3. Apply Newton’s first and second laws to explain
why an object moving in a circular path at a
constant speed is undergoing acceleration and
has a force exerted on it.
20.3 Section Review: Pages 708-717
a mass of 1,500 kg? Explain your answer.
2. Infer Newton’s first law of motion is sometimes
called the “law of inertia.” Why?
3. List Give two examples of Newton’s second law
of motion.
4. Calculate A baseball accelerates downward at 9.8
m/s2. The force pulling the ball downward is 1.4 N.
What is the mass of the baseball? Show your work.
5. Calculate A model airplane has a mass of 3.2 kg.
Its propeller pulls it forward with
a force of 7.0 N. What is the airplane’s acceleration?
Show your work.
4. Determine the force needed to accelerate a
1,357 kg car forward at 8.0 m/s2.
5. Explain why a backward-facing car seat is safer
for an infant than a forward-facing car seat
during a collision or abrupt stop.
6. Make Predictions Two cars are driving at the
same speed. The cars have the same
mass. One car is driving on an icy road. The other is
driving on a dry road. Which
car will be able to stop more quickly? Explain your
answer.
6. Use the concept of inertia to illustrate why
volleyball is not played with a ball that has a
mass similar to a bowling ball.
Section: Gravity
Section 1 Review
SECTION VOCABULARY
inertia the tendency of an object to resist a
change in motion unless an outside force acts
on the object
1.Explain why free-fall acceleration can be
regarded as a constant for objects falling within
a few hundred miles of Earth’s surface.
1. Apply Concepts Which has more inertia, a car
with a mass of 900 kg or a car with
Right on Time
CHAPTER 20: As you read this section, keep these questions in mind:
• What is the universe? • How do scientists think the universe began?
• How can scientists predict the future of the universe?
Right on Time
Due Date
Name____________________________________________________#____ Period 1 2 3 4 5 6
Assigned Date: ______
Chapter 20 Skills Worksheet: *****Due Date: _________*****
20.3 Concept Review: Pages 708-717
2. Identify which pair of objects would have
greater gravitational force between them in the
examples below. Use the law of universal
gravitation to explain your answer.
20.3 Section Review: Pages 708-717
motion
terminal
velocity
weight
Earth; the motion of objects that are
moving in two dimensions under the
influence of gravity
the constant velocity of a falling object
when the force of air resistance is
equal in magnitude and opposite in
direction to the force of gravity
a measure of the gravitational force
exerted on an object; its value can
change with the location of the object
in the universe
1. Apply Concepts: If Earth had no atmosphere,
would a falling object ever reach terminal velocity?
Explain your answer.
3.Predict the path of the cannonball below. To do
this, draw a line in the direction of the
cannonball’s flight. Also draw and label the
horizontal and vertical components of the
cannonball’s projectile motion.
2. Calculate: Fill in the blank spaces in the table
below.
Free-fall acceleration on Earth is 9.8 m/s2.
On the moon, free-fall acceleration is 1.6 m/s2.
Object
Bowling ball
Textbook
Large dog
Mass
(kg)
Weight on
Earth (N)
5
Weight on
the
moon (N)
8
19.6
50
3. Identify: In the space below, write the equation for
the law of universal gravitation. Explain what each
variable in the equation represents.
4.Calculate the mass in kg of an object that weighs
1,225 N on Earth.
4. Explain: Why do astronauts in orbit in the space
shuttle seem to float?
5. Identify: What two kinds of motion combine to
produce projectile motion?
SECTION VOCABULARY
Term
Definition
the motion of a body when only the
free fall
force of gravity is acting on the body
the curved path that an object
follows when thrown, launched, or
otherwise projected near the surface of
projectile
Right on Time
Section 3: Newton’s Third Law
1. Identify: which of Newton’s three laws of
motion specifically applies in each of the
following situations:
CHAPTER 20: As you read this section, keep these questions in mind:
• What is the universe? • How do scientists think the universe began?
• How can scientists predict the future of the universe?
Right on Time
Due Date
Name____________________________________________________#____ Period 1 2 3 4 5 6
Assigned Date: ______
Chapter 20 Skills Worksheet: *****Due Date: _________*****
20.3 Concept Review: Pages 708-717
1st
2nd
20.3 Section Review: Pages 708-717
1. Explain: How is velocity related to momentum?
3rd
You feel a force against the sole of your
foot as you take a step forward.
A
B
A meteor moving in a straight path
changes direction when it flies by
Earth.
C
A full grocery cart that is pushed starts
moving and increases speed, but the
same push increases its speed even
more when the cart is empty.
D
A skateboard moves faster in the same
direction it is pushed.
2. Identify: What is Newton’s Third Law of
Motion?
3. Apply Concepts: A skier pushes her ski poles
against the ground. She begins to move across
the snow. Earth does not seem to move.
Identify the action and reaction forces in this
example and explain why the skier moves but
Earth does not seem to move.
2. Apply: Newton’s third law of motion to explain
how two billiard balls, moving toward each other
at the same speed, collide and move away from
each other at the same speed as before.
4. Calculate: A baby has a mass of 5.0 kg. The
baby is on a train that is traveling at 72
meters/sec. What is the baby’s momentum?
Show your work.
3. Apply the concept of momentum to compare the
mass and velocity of a slow-moving train and of
a high-speed bullet.
4. Indicate which of the following has the greatest
momentum: a 500 kg car moving at 64 km/h, a
250 kg cart moving at 128 km/h, or a 1,000 kg
truck moving at 32 km/h. Explain your answer.
5. Calculate: A kitten has a mass of 0.8 kg. It is
moving forward with a momentum of 0.5 kg m/s.
What is the kitten;s velocity?
Show your work.
6. Compare: Describe the total momentum of
billiard balls before and after the cue ball
collides with another ball.
Section 3 Review
Momentum-a quantity defined as the product of
mass and velocity of an object
Right on Time
Section: Earth’s Interior and Plate Tectonics
CHAPTER 20: As you read this section, keep these questions in mind:
• What is the universe? • How do scientists think the universe began?
• How can scientists predict the future of the universe?
Right on Time
Due Date
Name____________________________________________________#____ Period 1 2 3 4 5 6
Assigned Date: ______
Chapter 20 Skills Worksheet: *****Due Date: _________*****
20.3 Concept Review: Pages 708-717
20.3 Section Review: Pages 708-717
1.Label the major layers of Earth.
A
B
C
D
E
F
2.Draw and label the three types of tectonic plate
2A
boundaries. Indicate the direction of movement for
each plate.
2B
2C
3. Identify the geologic features that form at each
of the following:
a. a convergent boundary between an oceanic
plate and a continental plate
4.Summarize what scientists discovered when they
analyzed the magnetic bands on the ocean floor.
b. a convergent boundary between two
oceanic plates
Right on Time
CHAPTER 20: As you read this section, keep these questions in mind:
• What is the universe? • How do scientists think the universe began?
• How can scientists predict the future of the universe?
Right on Time
Due Date
Name____________________________________________________#____ Period 1 2 3 4 5 6
Assigned Date: ______
Chapter 20 Skills Worksheet: *****Due Date: _________*****
20.3 Concept Review: Pages 708-717
20.3 Section Review: Pages 708-717
Section: Magnets and Magnetic Fields
1. Draw and label the orientation of two bar
magnets that would attract each other and two
bar magnets that would repel each other.
2. Determine how many north poles and south
poles there are when you break a permanent
magnet in half and then break each half in half.
Right on Time
CHAPTER 20: As you read this section, keep these questions in mind:
• What is the universe? • How do scientists think the universe began?
• How can scientists predict the future of the universe?
Right on Time
Due Date
Name____________________________________________________#____ Period 1 2 3 4 5 6
Assigned Date: ______
Chapter 20 Skills Worksheet: *****Due Date: _________*****
20.3 Concept Review: Pages 708-717
20.3 Section Review: Pages 708-717
3. Draw the magnetic field for the permanent
magnet shown below, and draw the direction a
compass needle would point at each point
indicated.
4. Compare the strength of the magnetic field near
one pole of a bar magnet with the strength of the
magnetic field farther away from the magnet.
2. Apply Concepts: Which pair of magnets below
will move toward each other?
5. Determine which direction you are facing if the
needle of a compass you are holding points
directly to your left. Explain your answer.
Explain your answer.
6. Describe the movement of a compass needle that
is free to rotate in any direction as you fly
straight from the magnetic north pole to the
magnetic south pole.
3. Identify: What produces magnetic fields?
4. Explain: A student places a magnet into a box of
paper clips. When she lifts the magnet, some of the
paper clips are pulled out of the box. However, some
of the clips remain in the box. Why can’t the
student pull all of the paper clips out of the box?
d
SECTION VOCABULARY
Word
Defition
magnetic A region where a magnetic force can be
detected
field
magnetic One of two points, such as the ends of a
magnet, that have opposing magnetic
pole
qualities
1. Draw: Label the north and south magnetic poles in
the illustration below.
A: N
S
Right on Time
CHAPTER 20: As you read this section, keep these questions in mind:
• What is the universe? • How do scientists think the universe began?
• How can scientists predict the future of the universe?
Right on Time
Due Date
Name____________________________________________________#____ Period 1 2 3 4 5 6
Assigned Date: ______
Chapter 20 Skills Worksheet: *****Due Date: _________*****
20.3 Concept Review: Pages 708-717
20.3 Section Review: Pages 708-717
S
N
B: N
S
N
S
C: S
N
N
S
Right on Time
CHAPTER 20: As you read this section, keep these questions in mind:
• What is the universe? • How do scientists think the universe began?
• How can scientists predict the future of the universe?
Right on Time