Download Electrical Energy - Clinton Public Schools

Acids vs Bases
&
Electric Energy
Every Day Acids & Bases:
►
Acids:
Orange Juice
Bases:
►
Soap
►
tomatoes
►
Baking Soda
►
Lemons
►
Drain Cleaner
►
Apples
►
Shampoo
ACIDS
► Tastes
vs
► Tastes
Sour
► Feels
with:
 Metals
► Corrosion
 Carbonates
► Produces
► Turns
Bitter
 Soap, shampoo
 Lemons
► Reacts
BASES
slippery
► Reacts
with:
 ACIDS
 NOT Carbonates
carbon dioxide
Blue litmus RED
► Turns
red litmus BLUE
Acids & Bases in Solutions
► Acids
–
 Release hydrogen ions (H+) in solution
 H is first element in chemical formula (usually)
►HCl
– Hydrochloric Acid (Stomach acid)
►H2SO4 –
Sulfuric Acid (Car Batteries)
► Bases-
 Release Hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution
 Forms when bases mix with water
 OH is the end element in the chemical formula
►NaOH
– sodium hydroxide (drain cleaners)
►Ca(OH)2 – calcium hydroxide (fertilizer)
Strength of Acids and Bases
► Strength
– how well an acid or base
produces ions (a charge) in water
 Strong Acids – produces more H+ ions
 Strong Bases – produces more OH- ions
pH Scale
► Most
Acidic – 0
► Most Basic – 14
► Neutral – 7
►How
would you
neutralize a
strong acid or
strong base?
Neutralization
►Acid
+ Base = Water and a salt
 Salt – any ionic compound made from the
neutralization of an acid with a base
 Water ►If
salt is soluble separates into + and – ions
►If salt is NOT soluble  solid forms precipitate
Natural Indicators: RED CABBAGE
► Red
in ACIDS
► Purple
in NEUTRALS
► Yellow-Green
BASES
in
Electrical Energy Summarize…
► Chemical
reaction occurs between the
electrodes and electrolytes
► One electrode becomes negative; the other
electrode positive
► Since they are opposite charges, a voltage
occurs between the two
► Charge flows between wires connected to
the terminals = electric current
► Electric
Current
 continuous flow of electric charges through a
material
►AMP
- rate/speed of electric current
►MUST have an ELECTRIC CIRCUIT!
► Electric
Circuit
 Complete, UNBROKEN path where electric
charges to flow
►If
complete – charges flow continuously
►If broken – charges will not flow
2 Types of Circuits
► 1.
Series Circuit
 Only one path for
the current to take
 one light goes out =
all lights go out
► 2.
Parallel Circuit
 Several paths
 break in one branch
= charges still move
in other branches
► Voltage
 Creates the current
 Difference in potential energy between two
places (+ and -) in a circuit
► Volt
 SI unit to measure voltage
► Voltage
source
 creates potential difference in an electric circuit
 Ex. Batteries, generators
Do you remember Transformers?
Power Grid
► system
of high tension
cables by which
electrical power is
distributed throughout
a region
► Begins
Plant.
in a Power
Turbine
► Ran
by burning either
coal, oil, or natural gas
► Can be turned by wind
► Creates Mechanical
Energy
Generator
►
“Generates”
mechanical energy
into electricity
Transmission Substation
► step
UP
transformers
station.
► increase voltage to
155,000-765,000
Volts
► Why?
 To travel long distances
 How does it travel?
► 3-Wire
Towers --
Power Substation
► Step
down transformer
station
► DECREASES voltage to
less than 10,000 Volts
► Distribution
Bus
 Splits power into many
directions for homes,
schools, businesses.
 Power now in 7200
Volts
Power at Home, School, Work
► Another
Step-down
transformer:
 1. drum on pole or tree
 2. green box on
ground
► Transformer
underground
► Reduces
is
Voltage to
240 Volts
► What
continues to
reduce voltage once
its inside your
home:
 Circuit breakers
 Plugs
 Electric Devices
MS Power Companies:
Kuhlman Electric
Corporation
►
►
Crystal Springs, MS
Manufacturers
Transformers
Howard Industries
►
Ellisville, MS
►
leading manufacturer of
electrical transformers
►
“…transformers
manufactured by Howard
Industries … will comply
with the U.S. Department
of Energy minimum
efficiency requirements”
► Research
the importance of the
conservation of renewable and
nonrenewable resources.
 What is Mississippi doing towards conservation?
 What are other states doing towards
conservation?
 What are methods that could be useful in
decreasing the human impact on global
warming?
►Justify
these methods with sited facts.