Download Endocrine Lesson 2 Monday, March 12

Endocrine Lesson 2
Monday, March 12
AIM: Where are hormones synthesized, and
what is their effect?
DO NOW: What is the difference between a
steroid and a peptide hormone?
HW: Memorize hormones/finish flash cards
Multiple choice packet on hormones
(Ch. 45)
Neurosecretory Cells
• Link the
hypothalamus and the
pituitary gland (the
master gland)
Hypothalamus
• integrates endocrine and nervous function.
• Produces releasing hormones (or
inhibitory hormones) that act on anterior
pituitary (adenohypophysis)
• Produces hormones ADH and oxytocin
that are stored in the posterior pituitary
(neurohypophysis)
BE CAREFUL!
• The hypothalamus produces releasing
hormones that stimulate the anterior
pituitary to produce stimulating hormones.
• DO NOT CONFUSE OR EQUATE
RELEASING HORMONES WITH
STIMULATING HORMONES.
Posterior Pituitary (part of brain)
 Neurohypophysis
 stores and
secretes hormones
produced
by the
hypothalamus
Fig. 45.6a
Anterior Pituitary
GH
•
•
•
•
•
Growth hormone
Gigantism
Acromegaly
Dwarfism
Genetic engineering
Prolactin
• Peptide hormone
• Milk production
FSH, LH
• Follicle stimulating hormone
• Luteinizing hormone
• Have effects on testes (testosterone) and
ovaries (estrogen and progesterone)
Female Hormones
• Estrogen and progesterone -- produced in
the ovary
• Progesterone = the pregnancy hormone
• Estrogen  secondary sex characteristics
• Both are involved in the menstrual cycle
Male Hormones (Androgens)
• Testosterone
• Spermatogenesis
• Secondary sex characteristics
Thyroid Gland
• Regulates metabolism
• Homeostasis
• Secretes thyroxin (T3
and T4)
• Secretes calcitonin
(lowers blood calcium –
puts Ca back into bone)
• Needs I2
• Negative feedback
• Maturation
• Cretinism
• Goiter
Homeostasis and the Thyroid
Adrenal Glands
Adrenal medulla –
epinephrine -(fight or
flight) – not under control
of hypothalamus
Vs.
Adrenal cortex
(mineralocorticoids and
glucocorticoids) – under
control of hypothalamus
Adrenal
Medulla
• Catecholamines
– Adrenalin
(epinephrine),
norepinephrine
• Amines
• Fright, flight, fight
hormones
Adrenal
Cortex
• Target of ACTH from ant.
pituitary
• Steroid hormones
• Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
– increase blood sugar
• Mineralocorticoids
(aldosterone) –increase
reabsorption of sodium in
CD and hence water—
also increase bp via
vasoconstriction
Pineal gland
• Circadian rhythm
• Has light sensitive cells
• Produces melatonin
Endorphins
• Natural opiates
• euphoria
Parathyroid Glands
• Secretes PTH which
raises blood Ca+2
levels by breaking
down bone
• Activates Vitamin D
• PTH and calcitonin
are antagonistic
hormones.