Download Anthropology 311 Sample questions and answers for Term Test One

Anthropology 311
Sample questions and answers for Term Test One
1. Provide the following information about the Pongidae:
a. Popular name for this group of animals (2) Great Apes
b. Taxonomic level (1) Family
c. The two possible suborder designations for this group (2) Anthropoidea & Haplorhini
d. Provide the name of each genus within this group (proper spelling required), and for each
genus the popular name, the geographic range, primary habitat (arboreal/terrestrial/both), and
the name (first and last) of famous long term researcher set up by Louis Leakey. 15 points
Genus
Popular Name
Geographic Range
Arboreal, terrestrial,
or both?
Arboreal
Name of
Researcher
Birute
Galdikas
Pongo
Orangutan
S.E. Asia
Gorilla
Gorilla
Africa
Terrestrial
Dian Fossey
Pan
Chimpanzee
Africa
Both
Jane Goodall
2. I am a nocturnal neotropical primate without a tapetum. First, define a tapetum, then provide
the following information about me. 9 points total.
Definition of tapetum (2) - Reflective layer of cells in the retina, aka “eye shine”,
found in many nocturnal animals.
Popular name (1)
Owl Monkey, Night Monkey, Dourcouli
Geographic Location (1)
South America
Family name (1)
Cebidae
Infraorder, plus visible
feature of my infraorder (2)
Two possible suborders (2)
Platyrrhini
Anthropoidea
Flat nose, side facing nostrils
Haplorhini
3. Provide all of the following for the term adaptive radiation: 7 points total
Definition of adaptive
radiation (2)
ƒ the diversification and multiplication of new forms resulting in
Two ways opportunities
occur with an example
of each (4)
External - New habitats become Internal – new opportunities
available because others vacate
open up because the lineage
the habitats or the animals come develops a new adaptive
upon vacant habitats
potential
Example – mass extinction
Example – reptile hard shelled
empties habitats, new lands are
waterproof egg opened up
colonized
terrestrial habitats
Mammals in the Cenozoic, lemurs on Madagascar, Cercopithecus
species in African forests in Pliocene, neotropical monkeys one the
new world continents, other if correct
Example of an adaptive
radiation involving
primates (1)
many new or descendent species due to new opportunities
4. Karen Strier, author of our textbook, is best known for her long-term study of a monkey that
is featured on our textbook cover. Provide the following information about this monkey. 8
points total, one point per row/item.
Genus
Popular name
Continent found on
Family
Unique physical feature of
this Family
Aspect of behavior that
surprised Strier
Arboreal or Terrestrial
Nocturnal or Diurnal?
Brachyteles
Muriquis
South America
Atelidae
Prehensile tail
Peaceful egalitarian social relationships OR
Female dispersal and male residence
Arboreal
Diurnal
5. Define (2) and give an example (1) of an energy minimizing primate.
Energy minimizers have evolved a strategy of
o low energy expenditure, or high levels of inactivity
o which they manage by relying on lower quality diets
Must have both points (activity and diet) for both marks.
Examples: howlers, gorillas, colobines. Lorises are not an example. They are slow
moving and cryptic to avoid predation (and may have low BMR) but they have a high
quality diet of insects and fruit.
6. What does the term Eocene refer to? (1) Give 5 correct pieces of information about the
Eocene. 6 points total.
Eocene refers to . . . a geological time period during the Cenozoic Era (known as an
epoch)
ANY 5 Started 55 mya, ended 38 mya, rapid cooling, seasonality at high latitudes,
OF
prosimian primates emerge/diverge, modern orders of mammals appear,
THESE primate evolution occurring in Europe, North America, Asia, gone from
(or
Europe and North America by end of ecocene, Africa and S. America move
others
apart during Eocene, continuation of Paleocene mountain building and
from
spread of mammals, possible appearance of basal anthropoid fossils
text)
7. What is meant by allometric scaling? (2) Why are allometric relationships important to
identify? (2)
Allometric scaling refers to when two variables (1) (such as body size and brain size)
increase or decrease at different rates (1)
Allometric relationships are important to identify because they help us to identify when
evolution may have produced a distinguishing trait (such as large brain relative to body
size in primates), as opposed to a trait that is a consequence of the evolution of something
else (such as large brains in elephants which is a consequence of their large body size). (2)
8. One subfamily of monkeys is known for being anatomically specialized leaf eaters. Provide
all of the following information about this subfamily. (5 points).
Subfamily name (1)
Colobinae
Superfamily name (1)
Cercopithecoidea
Example of a species
(popular name ok) (1)
Langurs, leaf monkeys, colobus monkeys, golden monkeys, golden
monkeys, proboscis monkeys, etc.
Geographic range (2)
Africa and Asia