Download BIO101 Unit 3 Study Guide: The Muscular System and the Skeletal

BIO101 Unit 3 Study Guide: The Muscular System and the Skeletal System
Corresponds with Chapters 6 & 7
Directions: Answer all of the questions as completely as possible. You should use a variety of
sources including, but not limited to your text book, lecture slides, Google search, etc.
Remember, this study guide will greatly help you to prepare for the Exam.
Part I: The Muscular System
1. List the three types of muscle in the human body.
a.
b.
c.
2. Explain what distinguishes skeletal muscle from the other two types of muscles.
3. Complete the sentences: The three layers of connective tissue in muscle are
,
, and
. When these three layers come together,
they form
.
4. Describe the function of a tendon.
5. Define the following terms.
a. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP):
b. Creatine phosphate (CP):
6. When we say “aerobic” what element is required?
7. At peak muscular activity, one can feel muscle pain because a metabolic by-product
accumulates in muscle tissue. What is the name of the by-product that causes muscle pain?
8. During exercise, friction between muscle fibers generates heat. What are two ways the
body reduces this heat?
9. What is the difference between fast fibers and slow fibers?
10. At Thanksgiving, many people prefer white meat, while others prefer dark meat. Which
type is composed of mostly fast fibers and which mostly slow fibers?
11. Explain what myoglobin is.
12. Define the following terms:
a. Muscle Hypertrophy
b. Muscle Atrophy
13. Contrast a muscle origin and a muscle insertion.
14. Summarize the difference between Axial muscles and Appendicular muscles.
15. Complete the following table.
Muscle
Where One Would
Find It
orbicular oculi
muscle
orbicular oris
muscle
occipitalis muscle
erector spinae
rectus abdominus
muscles
Muscle-Specific Question
Muscle-Specific
Answer
1. What is the occipitalis
muscle named after?
1. Erector Spinae muscles is
actually a group of what
three muscles?
2. What is the function of
the Erector Spinae
muscles
1. What are two slang
names for these
muscles?
16. When you are lying on the floor and contract your rectus abdominus muscles, what exercise
are you performing?
17. Complete the following sentence: The external and internal oblique muscles are located
and they allow one to
18. Where would one find the intercostals muscles?
19. Complete the following figure.
.
Female
Where would
one find the
Levator Ani
muscle?
Male
Where would
one find the
Bulbospongiosus
muscle?
20. What is a sphincter? What is a well-known sphincter in the abdominal musculature?
21. On figure 7-17 (a) posterior view, identify the following muscles: Trapezius, Deltoid, Triceps
Brachii
22. Describe what it means
a. When a muscle is called Biceps:
b. When a muscle is called Triceps:
c. When a muscle is called Quadriceps:
23. Complete the following table.
Muscle
pectoralis major muscle
Describe Where it is Found
levator Scapulae muscle
latissimus dorsi muscle
gluteus maximus muscle
gastrocnemius muscle
soleus muscle
24. Complete the following figure.
1
• Name the
muscle
responsible
for flexing the
elbow:
•
2
• Name the
muscle
responsible
for extending
the elbow:
•
25. Complete the following sentence: The two muscles that comprise the Iliopsoas are
, and when these muscles contract, they move the
and
.
26. Explain where the Achilles tendon is located. Next, summarize why it is called the Achilles
tendon. Lastly, name another more anatomical name for the Achilles tendon.
Part II: The Skeletal System
27. Describe an Osteocyte.
28. When speaking about long bones:
a. What is the diaphysis?
b. What is the epiphysis?
29. Contrast a compact (dense) bone and a Spongy (trabecullar) bone. Describe where one
would find each type in the skeleton.
30. Name what is located in the hollow shaft of long bones.
31. Complete the following table.
List the Three Cell Types in Bone Tissue
List Each Cell Type’s Function
1.
2.
3.
32. What is the difference between Intramembranous ossification and endochondral
ossification?
33. First, explain what calcitriol is. Second, explain what it does.
34. Describe the relationship between PTH (parathyroid hormone) and Calcitonin.
35. Define the following terms:
a. Osteopenia?
b. Osteoporosis?
36. Complete the following sentence: The two main divisions of the Skeletal System are
and
37. List the 8 Cranial Bones.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
.
h.
38. Complete the following table.
Term
Definition/Location
Maxilla
Mandible
Zygomatic bone
Lacrimal bones
Hyoid bone
What is the hyboid bones function?

39. List the number of vertebrae as specified in the Vertebral column:
a. Total number of vertebrae:
b. Number of Cervical vertebrae:
c. Number of Thoracic vertebrae:
d. Number of Lumbar vertebrae:
40. What is the Sacrum? What is the Coccyx?
41. The
bones are called the Atlas and the Axis.
42. The three main parts of the Thoracic Cage are
and
.
43. Part I: How many True ribs are there?
Part II: How many false ribs are there?
Part III: Why are false ribs referred to as “false?”
44. List the three parts of the Sternum.
a.
b.
c.
,
,
45. Complete the table.
Item
Where it is
Located?
Pectoral
Girdle
Question
Carpal bones
What are the two bones that
are part of the Pectoral
girdle?
How many are there?
Metacarples
How many are there?
Answer
Pelvic Girdle
46. What are Phalanges?
47. Describe the coxal bones. Then explain what three bones are fused to make up the coxal
bones.
48. What is the Acetabulum?
49. Fill in the name of the bone.
1. Name the
thigh bone:
• 1.
4. Name the two
bones of the
forearm
2. Name the
bone that makes
up the kneecap
•4.
•2.
3. Name the
arm bone.
•3.
50. List the two bones of the leg:
a.
b.
51. Complete the following sentences. Tarsals are
Meta Tarsals are
52. What is the calcaneus?
53. What does Diarthrosis mean?
.
.