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Atomic Structure
1. Essential Questions
a. EQ #10: How do the subatomic particles of an atom compare to one
another?
b. EQ #11: How do the subatomic particles of an atom affect its
properties?
2. Subatomic Particles
a. There are 3 types of SUBATOMIC PARTICLES that affect the properties
of an atom.
b. The subatomic particles are:
i.
ii.
iii.
3. A Comparison of Subatomic Particles
PARTICLE
Proton
MASS
About the same as a
neutron
Neutron
MUCH less than
protons/neutrons
CHARGE
LOCATION
0
(neutral/no
charge)
(negative)
Nucleus
4. Charge
a. The overall (net) charge of the nucleus is positive.
i. The overall (net) charge of the nucleus is equal to the number
of protons.
b. There is an attractive force between protons and electrons.
i. Opposites attract and like charges repel one another.
c. Atoms have a Neutral Charge because the number of protons (+) is
equal to the number of electrons (-).
5. Particle Locations
a. The Electron Cloud is a space outside the nucleus where electrons
move ______________________ in areas of space called
________________________
b. Energy Levels are regions of space at increasing distances from the
nucleus.
i. Electrons with ________________ energy occupy energy levels
further from the nucleus.
ii. There is a maximum number of electrons that can occupy each
energy level.
iii. The number _______________________ the further the energy level
is from the nucleus.
6. Atom Identity
a. The identity of an element is determined by the number of
________________________.
b. For example:
i. any atom with 6 protons in its nucleus is a carbon atom
ii. any atom with 2 protons in its nucleus is a helium atom
c. The number of ________________________ in an element may vary.
d. An atom can gain or lose ______________________, but is still the same
element.
7. Atomic Mass
a. The mass of an atom is determined by the protons and neutrons in
the nucleus
i. Because the electrons are so EXTREMELY small they are not
counted in the mass.
8. Atomic Reactivity
a. The particles in the nucleus do NOT change in a chemical reaction.
b. Chemical reactions happen in the ____________________________.
c. How the atom will react chemically is determined by:
i. The number of electrons in the outer energy level
ii. The distance of these electrons from the nucleus
9. Atom Volume and Electrons
a. The volume of the electron cloud determines the volume
of the atom.
b. The diagram of an atom shown here is incorrect.
i. Electrons do not orbit the nucleus in orderly
paths.
ii. They orbit more like bees around a beehive.
c. Also – if the period at the end of this sentence
represented the nucleus of an atom, then the first
electrons would be located at a distance equal to the
length of a football field.