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1.2 Ecosystems – Student Notes ____________________- a part of a biome in which _________________ (non-living) factors interact with ________________________(living) components - Can be many hectares of land, or the size of an old log. Within an ecosystem, there are many _________________________. Abiotic Interactions in Ecosystems • It is the _________________ components that allow the ________________components to survive in an ecosystem. Abiotic factors include: • _____________ - produced by green plants & micro-organisms • _____________- necessary for all life • _____________ - for growth • _____________ - required for photosynthesis • _____________ - contains water & nutrients Biotic Interactions in Ecosystems • ________________: all organisms that interact within an ecosystem. • _________________: all members of a certain species within an ecosystem. • _________________: all organisms within an ecosystem that have the same structure & who can reproduce with each other (and produce fertile offspring). Species can have many types of relationships in a population. ___________________ refers to the interaction between the members of two different species. • • • ______________________ - one species benefits, one is not affected Ex. Barnacles living on a whale ______________________ - both species benefit Ex. A bee gathering nectar from a flower ______________________- one species benefits, the other is harmed Ex. Hookworm living in dogs Niches, Competition and Predation • • • ______________: the role an organism has within an ecosystem. – also refers to the environment in which a species prospers _____________________: occurs when a limited resource is desired by 2 or more individuals in a niche. – this limits the size & health of individual organisms, & perhaps the population . __________________: the relationship between the “eaters” & the “eaten”. • _________________ have adaptations to help them catch prey. • __________________ have adaptations to help avoid predators. • Eg. spines & shells, camouflage and mimicry. Biodiversity in Ecosystems • _____________________: the variety & number of different individuals & species in an ecosystem. – Healthy ecosystems generally have ___________________________. – Most biodiversity losses occur from the ________________________. – Humans often have a ___________________ on biodiversity. – _______________________________________________ try to balance human progress with maintaining biodiversity.