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Chapter 1 Vocabulary: Homeostasis Adaptation Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere Emergent properties Deductive reasoning Inductive reasoning Reductionism Theory Natural selection Outline: 1.1 Science of Life Characteristics of living things Composed of cells Ordered complexity Respond to stimuli Growth, development, and reproduction Energy utilization Homeostasis Evolutionary adaptation Hierarchical organization of living systems Cellular level Atom Molecule macromolecule organelle cell Organismal level tissue organ organ system organism Population level population community ecosystem biosphere 1.2 Nature of Science Deductive reasoning (uses general principles to make specific predictions) Inductive reasoning (uses specific observations to develop general conclusions) Nature of experiments Variables Controls Hypotheses Using results to form conclusions 1.3 Example of Scientific Inquiry Darwin, natural selection and evolution Evidence supporting evolution Fossil record Age of Earth Genetic mechanisms Comparative anatomy Molecular evidence 1.4 Unifying Themes in Biology Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic functional unit of life All cells come from pre-existing cells Molecular basis of inheritance (DNA) Structure and function relationship Evolution as a mechanism for diversity 3 Domains of Life Eukarya Archaea Bacteria Fundamental aspects of organisms are evolutionarily conserved Information processing even at cellular level Living organisms use energy to defy entropy Characteristics of life are important as we will address almost all of these things throughout the semester. Hierarchy is important in understanding classification. Experiments will be used several times throughout the semester to show students how we learned some of the things we know now. It is important for them to have an appreciation for a good experiment and to be able to think about the results. Natural selection will be important when we get to genetics (you don’t need to go overboard on evolution, but you do need to explain how Darwin’s idea of descent with modification works). The unifying themes in biology should be stressed more as an understanding than as a memorization of this list. I tend to incorporate all of these ideas into my discussion of the characteristics of life. Even though I talk about experimentation there are NO exam questions on variables or reasoning or the like.
