Download 1 All living cells store critical information in? 1 2 What two major

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1
All living cells store critical information
in?
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2
What two major difficulties do cells face
as they grow?
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3
The rate at which materials are used up
depends on a cells ________________.
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4
If a cell gets too large it becomes
difficult to get _____________ and nutrients
in and ___________ out
5
Materials move in and out of a cell based
on the cells ______________ ___________
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Before a cell grows too large it divides
into daughter cells in a process called
___________ _________________
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Cell division keeps a stable
8.
8
Asexual reproduction produces
_______________ ________________ from a
single
_____________
9.
9
Asexual reproduction advantages/
disadvantages
10.
Sexual reproduction is where offspring
inherit ____________ of their genetic
information from _________ parent
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Sexual Reproduction
Advantages/Disadvantages
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What ratio decreases as a cell gets
larger?
15
Cells carry genetic information in
packages of DNA called
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Most prokaryotes have only ______
circular strand of DNA
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17
In eukaryotic cells the DNA is wound
around a _________ ___________
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Eukaryotes and histone proteins make a
_____________________
19.
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Chromosomes make the precise
_____________ of DNA during cell division
20.
During the cell cycle, _____ is condensed
to form ______________, which condense
even more to form ____________, which
make up _____________
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In prokaryotes, cells go through a
process of cell division called
______________ _________________
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Binary Fission = ______________
_______________ = _____________
_________________
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The four stages of Cell Cycle interphase
in order are :
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In G1 phase:
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In S phase:
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In G2 phase :
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In M phase:
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In eukaryotic cells cell division occurs in
two stages. They are ____________ and
__________________
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Cytokinesis division occurs in the
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4 stages of the cell cycle
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What the difference between Mitosis
and Cytokinesis?
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Chromatid
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Centromere
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Centrioles
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Prophase
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In prophase the __________________
disappears and the nuclear envelope
breaks down
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4 steps of Mitosis
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Metaphase
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Anaphase
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Cytokinesis is part of the ___ phase (not
mitosis) and completes the process of
cell ________ , splitting one cell into two.
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In animal cytokinesis the cell membrane
is drawn in until the cytoplasm is
______________ into two equal parts
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In plants, the cell wall prevents
pinching, Instead a _________ ____________
forms between nuclei and becomes a
cell wall
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The chromatids are joined at the
______________
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The spindle is organized by what
structures?
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The stages of the cell cycle are…
(see pg 10)
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In interphase the cell grows and
replicates its ______ and _______________
(pg 10)
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Cytokinesis is not part of ______________
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Which part of mitosis do chromatids
line in the middle?
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What part of mitosis does the
chromosomes become visible?
50
What part of mitosis does the nuclear
envelope start to reform?
50
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What part pulls the sister chromatid
apart?
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Cyclins are..
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Internal regulators
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External regulators
Ex
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Cancer:
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Tumor:
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Apoptosis
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Benign:
Malignant:
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Cancer is caused by which damaged
gene
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Differentiation
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All organisms start as a
__________ cell
Embrro-
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During development an organisms
cell becomes _____________ and
_____________ for particular
functions
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Blastocyst
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Totipotent
Pluripotent
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Can become few cells like
Adult stem cells and are
considered
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Adult stem cells of a given
organ or tissue can typically
only produce the types of cells
that are _______ to that organ
or tissue
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67
Embryonic stem cells are found
in the ______ ______ _______
And are p______________
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Stem cells are unspecialized
cells from which ______________
cells develop and may one day
_______ the cellular damange
that results from heart attack,
stroke, and spinal cord
injuries
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Homologous Pair
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Chromosomes carry ________
which are located in specific
positions on chromosomes.
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Diploid Cell
Represented by _______
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All cells are diploid except
the ______ and _____
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1 Haploid N:
2 Sperm and eggs are _________
3 How many chromosomes do
gametes have:
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Homologous chromosomes pair up
and form ______ which are four
chromatids that go through
crossing over
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Describe Prophase I
(Use slide on Meoisis pg 2)
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In Metaphase I Homologous
chromosomes line up across the
________ middle of the cell
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In Anaphase I Homologous
chromosomes are _________
_________ and move towards
____________ ends of the cell
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Telophase I
Nuclear membrane _________
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In Cytokinesis what happens
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Meiosis I results in ____
_________ daughter cells
Each has ____ chromosomes and
_____ Chromatids and each cell
has different chromosomes than
when it started because of
________ ________
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Meiosis II – comes after
meoisos I and has no
______________
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Meiosis
Meiosis
that it
haploid
of 2.
II is similar to
I except for the fact
results in _______
daughet cells instead
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Fertilization is the fusion of
the male and female ___________
And make a ___________
The zygote undergoes mitosis
and eventually forms a new
___________
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Mitosis has _____ Division
Daughter cells have the ______
number of chromosomes as the
first cell
Mitosis results in two
genetically _________ diploid
cells
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Meiosis has _____ divisions
Daughter cells have ______ the
number of chromosomes as the
first cells.
Results in four genetically
_________ haploid cells.
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Alleles from different genes
tend to be _____________
__________ when those genes are
located on the _________
_____________
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In Gene Linkage Each chromosome
has groups of ________ _______,
Second, it is the ________ that
assort independently. Alleles
of different genes tend to be
__________ ___________ when
those genes are located on the
______ chromosome
88.
Define Gene Mapping
89
Sturtevant reasoned if two
genes are close together, then
crossovers between them should
be _______. If two genes are
far apart then crossovers
between them should be
__________
88.
89.