Download Some of the chapter topics that will be covered on the exam include

GLOBAL HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY 9H
FINAL REVIEW SHEET
Date of exam:
Materials needed:
Chapters to study:
Exam format:
Thursday June 19, 2014
8:00 am – 10:00 am
At least 2 sharpened pencils and 2 pens (blue or black ink)
Bentley 1-22, 24 (sections) & 25 (one section)
1) 50 Multiple Choice Questions
2) Essay (CCOT)
Some of the chapter topics that will be covered on the exam include:
General Terms and Vocabulary
Culture
 Economy
 Anthropology
 History
 Pre-History

Agriculture
 Cultural Diffusion
 Syncretism
 Barter system
 Golden Age

Geography
 Traditional Societies
 Ethnocentrism

Chapter One (Before History):
The Leakeys
 Donald Johansen
 Hominids
 Nomad
 Hunter/gatherer
 Migration
 Technology of Early
Humans

Paleolithic Age
 Nomadic Role of
Women
 Cave Paintings
 Neolithic Revolution
 Subsistence
Agriculture
 Gender & Agriculture

Technology of
Agriculture
 Population Growth
 Civilization
 Pastoralism

Chapter Two (Early Societies in SW Asia):

Tigris & Euphrates

Mesopotamia

Sumerians
Cuneiform
Epic of Gilgamesh
 Ziggurat
 Hammurabi
 Hammurabi’s Code
 Babylonia
 Assyrians
 New Babylonians
 Wheel
Trade Networks
Patriarchal
 Role of Women
o Veils
 Hebrews
 Palestine
 Diaspora
 Monotheism
 Phoenicians






Alphabet
Indo-European
Migration
o Language
o Horses
o Hittites
o Iron Metallurgy
o War Chariots
Chapter Three (Early African Societies):
Nile River
 Cataracts
 Desertification
 Sahel
 Ancient Egypt
 “Gift of the Nile”
 Mummification

Pyramids
 Pharaohs
 Hieroglyphics
 Demotic
 Akhenaton
 Cult of Osiris
 Nubia

Role of Women
 Meroitic Writing
 Kush
 Hyksos
 Trade Networks
 Bantu Migration

Chapter Four (Early Societies in South Asia):
Indus River
 Hindu-Kush Mtns
 Ganges River
 Monsoons
 Mohenjo-Daro
 Harappa

Early Aryan
Migration
 Vedas
 Caste & Varna
 Subcastes & Jati
 Rig Veda

Sati
 Upanishads
 Moksha
 Karma
 Dharma
 Brahman

Chapter Five (Early Societies in East Asia):
Yellow River
 Xia
 Shang
 Zhou
 Millet
 Bronze Metallurgy
 Decentralized gov’t
 Mandate of Heaven

Iron Metallurgy’s
impact
 Role of merchants
 Veneration of
ancestors
 Patriarchal
 Oracle Bones
 Chinese Writing

Book of Songs
 Warring States
Period
 Steppe Nomads
 Yangzi River
 Terraced farming

Chapter Six (Early Societies in the Americas & Oceania):
Olmecs
 Maize
 Ceremonial centers
 Jade & obsidian
 Yucatan Peninsula
 Maya
 Mayan terraced
farming
 Tikal
 City-kingdoms
 Chichen Itza
 Popol Vuh

Bloodletting
 Ball game
 Maya calendar
 Maya writing
 Teotihuacan
 Pyramids of the
Moon & Sun
 Andes Mtns
 Chavin
 Terraced farming
 Irrigation
 Alpacas & llamas

Mochica
 Waru waru
 Australian hunting &
gathering societies
 Austronesian
migrations
 Agriculture in New
Guinea
 Polynesia
 Lapita peoples

Chapter Seven (Empires of Persia):
Achaemenid
 Cyrus
 Darius
 Persepolis
 Satrapies
 Lydian coins

Persian Royal Road
 Qanat system
 Persian Wars
 Seleucid/Parthains/
Sasanids
 Free peasants

Zoroastrianism
 Ahura Mazda
 Influence of
Zoroastrianism

Chapter Eight (The Unification of China):
Confucius
 Analects
 Daoism
 Laozi
 Daodejing
 Legalism
 Han Feizi
 Qin

Shi Huangdi
 Book burning
 Centralization
 The Great Wall
st
 1 Emperor’s Tomb
 Standardization
 Han
 Liu Bang

Han Wudi
 Confucian education
 Xiongnu
 Ban Zhao
 Silk, Paper,
Crossbow
 Yellow Turban
Uprising

Chapter Nine (State, Society, and the Quest for Salvation in India):

Mauryan Dynasty

Ashoka Maurya

Rock & Pillar Edicts
Regional Kingdoms
 Gupta Dynasty
 Arabic Numerals
 Gupta Golden Age
 Indian Ocean Trade
 Epics

Vaisyas
 Jainism
 Ahimsa
 Buddhism
 Siddhartha
Gautama

Mahayana Buddhism
 Bodhisattvas
 Bhagavad Gita
 Popular Hinduism

Chapter Ten (Mediterranean Society: The Greek Phase):
Minoans
 Mycenaean Society
 City-States (Polis)
 Sparta
 Military Society
 Lycurgus
 Athens
 Solon
 Pericles
 Parthenon

Direct Democracy
 Greek colonies
 Mediterranean
Trade
 Olympic Games
 Slavery
 Socrates, Plato &
Aristotle
 Pythagoras
 Greek Deities

Cult of Dionysus
 Comedy & Tragedy
 Persian Wars
 Delian League
 Peloponnesian War
 Philip of Macedon
 Alexander the
Great
 Hellenistic

Chapter Eleven (Mediterranean Society: The Roman Phase):
Etruscans
 Roman Republic
 Law (12 Tables)
 Patricians &
plebeians
 Punic Wars
 Roman Expansion
 Julius Caesar

Octavian/Augustus
 Pax Romana
 Roman roads
 Commercial agric.
 Meditrn. trade
 Aqueducts
 “Bread & Circus”
 Paterfamilias

Slavery
 Roman Deities
 Cicero & Stoicism
 Mithras & Isis cults
 Judaism
 Christianity
 Jesus of Nazareth
 Paul of Tarsus

Chapter Twelve (Cross-Cultural Exchanges on the Silk Roads):
Zhang Qian
 Monsoon System
 Hellenistic Trade
 Silk Roads
 Mare Nostrum


Spread of…
o Buddhism
o Hinduism
o Christianity
o Manichaeism
Spread of Disease
 Fall of the Han
 Sinicization of
nomads
 Fall of W. Rome

Diocletian
Constantine
 Germanic Invasions
The Huns
St. Augustine
 Orthodox Christianity





Patriarchs
Chapter Thirteen (The Expansive Realm of Islam):
Arabian Peninsula
 Bedouin
 Islamic Golden Age
 Expansion & policies
 Mecca/Makkah
 Hajj
 The Five Pillars
 Hijrah/Hegira
 Muhammad

Quran/Koran
 Shariah
 Caliph
 Umayyad Dynasty
 Abbasid Dynasty
 Sunni/Shia
 Dar al-Islam
 Spread of new crops

Hemispheric trading
zone
 Camels & caravans
 Al-Andalus
 Veiling of women
 Sufis
 Influences on Islam
(Persian, Indian, Greek)

Chapter Fourteen (The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia):
Sui Dynasty
 Grand Canal
 Tang Dynasty
 Li Bo
 Xuanzang
 Equal-Field System
 Tributary states
 Buddhist Influence
 Dunhuang
 Chan/Zen Buddhism
 Song Dynasties
 Neo-Confucianism

Fast-Ripening Rice
 Internal trade
 Population &
urbanization
 Foot binding
 Porcelain
 Gunpowder
 Block printing &
moveable type
 Naval technology
 Paper money
 Silla Dynasty

Chinese influence on
Korea, Vietnam & Japan
 Nara Japan
 Heian Japan
 Shintoism
 The Tale of Genji
 Feudal Japan
 Shogun
 Samurai
 Code of Bushido

Chapter Fifteen (India and the Indian Ocean Basin):
Mahmud of Ghazni
 Delhi Sultanate
 Chola
 Monsoons & irrigation
advances
 Temples as community
centers

Internal trade
 Indian Ocean trade
 Dhows & junks
 Emporia
 Specialized production
 Axum

Expansion of the caste
system
 Hindu cults
 Bhakti
 Indian influence in SE
Asia
 Angkor Wat

Chapter Sixteen (The Two World of Christendom):
Byzantine
 Constantinople
 Caesaropapism
 Justinian & Theodora
 Justinian Code
 Hagia Sophia
 Mosaic
 Theme System
 Byzantine trade
 Greek fire

The Franks
 Charlemagne
 Vikings
 Heavy plow
 Feudalism
 Manorialism
 Population decrease &
recovery
 Pope
 Patriarch

Iconoclasm
 Monasticism
 Cyril & Methodius
 Schism
 Black Sea-Baltic trade
 Slavs
 Kiev & Vladimir
 Onion domes

Chapter Seventeen (Nomadic Empires & Eurasian Integration):
Nomadic pastoralism
 Turks
 Saljuq/Seljik Turks
o Persia (Abbasid)
o Anatolia (Byzantine)
o India
 Mongols
o Genghis

o Society
o Conquest
 Mongol impacts
o Persia
o China (Kublai)
o Russia (Golden Horde)
 Pax Mongolica
 Silk Road travel
o Trade
o Missionaries
o Diplomats
o Bubonic plague
 Tamer Lane
 Ottoman
Chapter Eighteen (States and Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa):
Bananas
 Early Africa
 Kin-based society
 Animism
 Slavery
 Role of women
 Zanj revolts

Camels
 Ghana
o Gold & Salt
o Islam
 Mali
o Mansa Musa
o Jenne & Timbuktu

Swahili Coast
o Kilwa & Sofala
 Great Zimbabwe
 Axum
 Ethiopia
o King Lalibela
o Rock churches

Chapter Nineteen (The Increasing Influence of Europe):


Holy Roman Empire
William the Conqueror

Agricultural growth

Development of towns &
cities
Early Commercial Rev.
o Guilds
o Urban women
 Meditrn. Trade
 Hanseatic League
 Three Estates

Chivalry
 Troubadours
 St. Thomas Aquinas
 Lay Investiture
 Gothic
 Religious orders

Heresy
 Vinland
 Crusades
 Reconquista
 Spanish Inquisition
(chapter 23)

Chapter Twenty (Worlds Apart: The Americas & Oceania):
Maize
 The Mexica/Aztec
o PERSIAN
o Tribute
o Trade
o Chinampas
 Pueblo/Navajo/
Iroquois

Inca
o PERSIAN
o Empire
o Roads/Bridges
o Terraces
o Quipu
o Trade
 Australian foragers


Pacific islanders
o Long-distance voyages
o Maori & sweet
potatoes
o Society
o Religion
Chapter Twenty-one (Reaching Out: Expanding Horizons of Cross-Cultural Interaction):
Travelers
o Marco Polo
o Ibn Battuta
 Diplomats
o John of Montecorvino
 Missionaries
o Sufis
o Rabban Sauma

Exchanges
o Sugarcane
o Gunpowder
o Plague
 Italian city-states
 The Renaissance
o Leonardo da Vinci
o Humanism

o Machiavelli
 Hundred Years War
 Spain
 Ivan the Great
 Ming
o Neo-Confucianism
o Zheng He
Chapter Twenty-two (Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections):
Portuguese est. of
Medit. sugar
plantations
 Caravel
 Maritime technology
 Volto do mar
 Prince Henry the
Navigator
 Vasco da Gama

Christopher Columbus
Ferdinand Magellan
 James Cook
 Portuguese trading
posts
 Trading Companies
 Conquest of the
Philippines
o Manila Galleons
Conquest of Java
Seven Year’s War
 Columbian Exchange
o Impacts on areas
 Environmental impacts
of trade




Chapter Twenty-four (The Americas and Oceania):
Taino
 Encomienda
 Smallpox
 Conquistadores
o Cortes
o Pizarro
 Council of the Indies

Viceroys
 Las Castas
 Silver Mining
 Mita
 Hacienda
 Engenho

Settler colonies in N.
America
 Fur trade
 Tobacco
 Mercantilism
 Indentured labor
 Impact of Catholicism

Chapter Twenty-five (Africa and the Atlantic World):
Portuguese slave trade
 Triangular trade

Chattel slavery
 The Middle Passage

Olaudah Equiano
 African Diaspora

9H Themes (Possible Essay Topics)
The AP World History course requires students to engage with the dynamics of continuity and
change across the historical periods that are included in the course. Students should be taught to
analyze the processes and causes involved in these continuities and changes. In order to
do so, students and teachers should focus on FIVE overarching themes which serve throughout
the course as unifying threads, helping students to put what is particular about each period or
society into a larger framework. The themes also provide ways to make comparisons over time
and facilitate cross-period questions. Each theme should receive approximately equal attention
over the course of the year.
1.
Interaction between humans and the environment

Demography and disease

Migration

Patterns of settlement

Technology
2.
Development and interaction of cultures

Religions

Belief systems, philosophies, and ideologies

Science and technology

The arts and architecture
3.
State-building, expansion, and conflict

Political structures and forms of governance

Empires

Nations and nationalism

Revolts and revolutions

Regional, transregional, and global structures and organizations
4.
Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems

Agricultural and pastoral production

Trade and commerce

Labor systems

Industrialization

Capitalism and socialism
5.
Development and transformation of social structures

Gender roles and relations

Family and kinship

Racial and ethnic constructions

Social and economic classes
9H Habits of Mind
The AP World History course addresses habits of mind in two categories: (1) those addressed by any rigorous
history course, and (2) those addressed by a world history course.
Four habits of mind are in the first category:

Constructing and evaluating arguments: using evidence to make plausible arguments

Using documents and other primary data: developing the skills necessary to analyze point of view and
context, and to understand and interpret information

Assessing continuity and change over time and over different world regions

Understanding diversity of interpretations through analysis of context, point of view, and frame of
reference
Five habits of mind are in the second category:

Seeing global patterns and processes over time and space while connecting local developments to
global ones

Comparing within and among societies, including comparing societies' reactions to global processes

Considering human commonalities and differences

Exploring claims of universal standards in relation to culturally diverse ideas

Exploring the persistent relevance of world history to contemporary developments
9H Key Concepts
Period 1: Technological and Environmental Transformations, to c. 600 BCE
 Big Geography and the Peopling of the Earth
 Archaeological evidence indicates that during the Paleolithic era, hunting-foraging bands of
humans gradually migrated from their origin in East Africa to Eurasia, Australia and the
Americas, adapting their technology and cultures to new climate regions.
 The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies
 Beginning about 10,000 years ago, the Neolithic Revolution led to the development of new and
more complex economic and social systems.
 Agriculture and Pastoralism began to transform human societies.
 The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral and Urban Societies
 Core and foundational civilizations developed in a variety of geographical and environmental
settings where agriculture flourished.
 The first states emerged within core civilizations.
 Culture played a significant role in unifying states through laws, language, literature, religion,
myths and monumental art.
Period 2: Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies, c. 600 BCE to 600 CE
 The Development and Codification of religious and Cultural Traditions
 Codification and further developments of existing religious traditions provided a bond among
the people and an ethical code to live by.
 New belief systems and cultural traditions emerged and spread, often asserting universal truths.
 Belief systems affected gender roles (such as Buddhism’s encouragement of a monastic life or
Confucianism’s emphasis on filial piety).
 Other religious and cultural traditions continued parallel to the codified, written belief systems
in core civilizations.
 Artistic expressions, including literature and drama, architecture and sculpture, show distinctive
cultural developments.
 The Development of States and Empires
 The number and size of imperial societies grew dramatically by imposing political unity on
areas where previously there had been competing states.
 Empires and states developed new techniques of imperial administration based, in part, on the
success of earlier political forms.
 Imperial societies displayed unique social and economic dimensions.
 The Roman, Han, Maurya, and Gupta empires created political, cultural and administrative
difficulties that they could not manage, which eventually led to their decline, collapse and
transformation into successor empires or states.
 Emergence of Transregional Networks of Communication and Exchange
 Land and water routes created transregional trade, communication and exchange networks in
the Eastern Hemisphere, while separate networks connected the peoples and societies of the
Americas somewhat later.
 New technologies facilitated long-distance communication and exchange.
 Alongside the trade in goods, the exchange of people, technology, religious and cultural beliefs,
food crops, domesticated animals and disease pathogens developed across far-flung networks
of communication and exchange.
Period 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions, c. 600 CE to 1450 CE
 Expansion and Intensification of Communication and Exchange Networks
 Improved transportation technologies and commercial practices led to an increased volume of
trade, and expanded the geographical range of existing and newly active trade networks.
 The movement of peoples caused environmental and linguistic effects.
 Cross-cultural exchanges were fostered by the intensification of existing or the creation of new,
networks of trade and communication.
 There was continued diffusion of crops and pathogens throughout the Eastern Hemisphere
along the trade routes.
 Continuity and Innovation of State Forms and Their Interactions
 Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.
 Interregional contacts and conflicts between states and empires encouraged significant
technological and cultural transfers (for example, between Tang China and the Abbasids, across
the Mongol empires and during the Crusades).
 Increased Economic Productive Capacity and Its Consequences
 Innovations stimulated agricultural and industrial production in many regions.
 The fate of cities varied greatly, with periods of significant decline, and with periods of
increased urbanization buoyed by rising productivity and expanding trade networks.
 Despite significant continuities in social structures and in methods of production, there were
also some important changes in labor management and in the effect of religious conversions on
gender relations and family life.
Period 4: Global Interactions, c. 1450 CE to c. 1750 CE
 Globalizing Networks of Communication and Exchange
 In the context of the new global circulation of goods, there was an intensification of all existing
regional trade networks that brought prosperity and economic disruption to the merchants and
governments in the trading regions of the Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, Sahara and overland
Eurasia.
 European technological developments in cartography and navigation built on previous
developed in the classical, Islamic, and Asian worlds, and included the production of new tools,
innovations in ship designs, and an improved understanding of global wind and currents
patterns – all of which made transoceanic travel and trade possible.
 Remarkable new transoceanic maritime reconnaissance occurred in this period.
 The new global circulation of goods was facilitated by royal chartered European monopoly
companies that took silver from Spanish colonies in the Americas to purchase Asian goods for
the Atlantic markets, but regional markets continued to flourish in Afro-Eurasia by using
established commercial practices and new transoceanic shipping services developed by
European merchants.
 The new connections between the Eastern and Western hemispheres resulted in the Columbian
Exchange.
 The increase in interactions between newly connected hemispheres and intensification of
connections within hemispheres expanded the spread and reform of existing religions and
created syncretic belief systems and practices.
 As merchants’ profits increased and governments collected more taxes, funding for the visual
and performing arts, even for popular audiences, increased.
 New Forms of Social Organization and Modes of Production
 Traditional peasant agriculture increased and changed, plantations expanded, and demand for
labor increased. These changes both fed and responded to growing global demand for raw
materials and finished products.
 As new social and political elites changed, they also restructured new ethnic, racial and gender
hierarchies.
 State Consolidation and Imperial Expansion
 Rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate their power.
 Imperial expansion relied on the increased use of gunpowder, cannons and armed trade to
establish large empires in both hemispheres.
 Competition over trade routes, state rivalries and local resistance all provided significant
challenges to state consolidation and expansion.
POSTCLASSICAL REVIEW CHART
Middle East
Eastern
Europe
Western
Europe
Latin America
North
America
Political
Economic
Religion
Social
Intellectual
Arts
Near (Geography)
Oceania
East Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Central Asia
Sub-Saharan
Africa
EARLY MODERN REVIEW CHART
Sub-Saharan
Africa
Middle East
Europe
Latin America
North America
Political
Economic
Religion
Social
Intellectual
Arts
Near (Geography)
Oceania
East Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia