Download Ancient Egypt - Al Iman School

6th Grade
ANCIENT EGYPT
THE PHARAOH

The early Egyptian pharaohs were a
combination of
god,
 priest,
 and king.

The pharaoh decided what was right or
wrong.
 The pharaohs collected taxes from the
peasant farmers.
 The title of king was passed down from
father to son.

HIERARCHY OF EGYPTIAN SOCIETY
PHARAOH RAMSES II




This pharaoh was also known
as Ramses the Great.
Ramses II reigned for 67
years (longer than the
average age of Egyptians in
Ancient Egypt).
He was the first king we know
of to have signed a peace
treaty, signing one with the
Hittites.
He built more temples and
monuments than any other
pharaoh and constructed the
rock monument Abu Simbel in
Nubia. (top right)
HATSHEPSUT

She was known as a builder
pharaoh because of the many
building projects begun or
completed during her reign.
Hatshepsut was the first
woman to be named king of
both Upper and Lower Egypt.
 She reestablished trade
routes and reigned in relative
peace for 22 years.

SLAVERY
Slave labor was used to build temples and
pyramids in Ancient Egypt.
 Building a pyramid took many years because of
the lack of technology during this time period

AGRICULTURE



Farming was very important to the
ancient Egyptian society, and a large
number of Egyptians were involved
with farming.
By understanding the seasonal
flooding of the Nile, the ancient
Egyptians were able to increase
their agricultural yield and produce
more grain than they could use.
This extra grain was either exported
or stored for future use.
TRADE
Egyptian trade extended up
and down the Nile, including
trading with Kush at the
southern end of the river.
 They also traded with people
along the eastern
Mediterranean Sea, in
regions such as Crete and
Greece.
 At a time when travel was
difficult, trade between Egypt
and its neighbors helped
Egypt prosper and grow.

ARCHITECTURE
Buildings were usually made
with mud brick and stone
because wood was hard to
find in Egypt.
 Large blocks were cut to fit
together without the use of
mortar.
 Ancient Egyptian engineers
used mathematics and
technology to design their
grand structures.

ARCHITECTURE
Many religious monuments were built that still
exist today.
 The pyramids and the Sphinx are the two most
well-known examples of Egyptian architecture.
 People still consider the pyramids to be one of
the world's best architectural achievements.
 The mathematical calculations used for
building pyramids were incredibly precise.

ART




Egyptian paintings were highly
symbolic.
Clear and simple lines and shapes
and flat areas of color created a
sense of order and balance in the
art.
Pharaohs would be drawn the largest
figure, and greater gods would be
drawn larger than lesser gods.
Egyptians used gold, ivory, and other
precious metals to make small works
of art like jewelry and scepters
WRITING





The Egyptians created a type of
paper called papyrus. It was made
from a reed of the same name.
Egypt's dry climate has helped
protect some of the ancient
Egyptian writings so well that they
can still be read today.
The ancient Egyptians invented
written pictographs known as
hieroglyphics.
These pictographs were used to
record information about religion
and government.
The individual symbols are called
hieroglyphs.
OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS



The Egyptians created the first working and usable
calendar. It was based on the phases of the moon, and
it predicted the seasons and cycles of the Nile River. The
calendar had 365 days and was similar to our presentday calendar
The Great Pyramids at Dahshur and Giza were built
during the Old Kingdom period. These pyramids were
considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient
World, and they are the only wonder still standing today.
The Egyptians built the world's largest library and the
largest lighthouse in the city of Alexandria.
RELIGION




Death and the afterlife was an important
part of Egyptian culture.
There were elaborate rituals for preparing
the body and soul for a peaceful life after
death.
The Ancient Egyptians believed the
process of mummification helped that
person enter the afterlife more smoothly.
The Ancient Egyptian culture worshiped
many gods, mostly related to natural
occurrences like rain, water, crops, and
death. This is called polytheism.
RELIGION CONTINUED….

Ancient Egyptians used
creation myths to explain
• The Great Ennead was a
their place in the world.
family of nine gods who
 Different
gods and
goddesses were
introduced as a result.
the Egyptians worshiped.
Among the gods were
Atum, Isis, Geb, and Shu.
Later gods included Re,
Thoth, and Nun.
RELIGION CON’T….
Animals were an important part of Egyptians'
god mythology.
 Some gods were represented by animals such
as the falcon, alligator, or beetle.
 Other gods had half human characteristics and
half animal characteristics.

RELIGION CONTINUED….
The Egyptian pharaoh was also
considered a god.
 He was said to control the flooding
of the Nile River each year.


Because the Nile's flooding was
reliable and always came at about the
same time, Egyptians believed that
the pharaoh really was controlling it.
Ancient Egyptians considered Osiris
to be the god of the harvest and of
eternal life.
 Legend says that he gave his
people laws to follow and taught
them about farming.

RELIGION CON’T….
He and his wife Isis were
thought to be the rulers over
the dead.
 Horus is the son of Osiris and
Isis according to legend.

He is often identified by having
a falcon's head instead of a
human head.
 He has several godly titles:

 the
god of the living,
 the sun god,
 and the sky god.