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Good Morning Welcome to Science Objective: Explore Cells Cells and Organelles • Cells are the basic units of form and function in living things. • Cells have forms (structures) inside them that do different jobs. These structures are called organelles. • Plant and animal cells have many in common. BrainPop: Cells Organelles in Common • Plant and animal cells both have: – – – – – – – – – – – – Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi body Cytoskeleton Nucleolus Mitochondrion Lysosome Vacuole Centrosomes Each of these structures does a specific job for the cell! Plant Cell http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html Animal Cell BrainPop: Organelles Cell Membrane • • • • Forms the outer boundary of animal cells. Found inside the cell wall in plant cells. Determines what can enter and leave a cell. Made of protein and fat. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCELL2.html#The%20Cell%20Membrane Cytoplasm • The watery environment of the cell. www.ndsu.nodak.edu/.../ 135/images/CELLCYTO.GIF Nucleus • The command center of the cell. • Contains DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) the command molecule of the cell. • Surrounded by a membrane. http://ntri.tamuk.edu/cell/nucleus.html Nucleolus • The nucleolus is found inside a cell’s nucleus. • The nucleolus makes ribosomes for the cell. NUCLEOLUS NUCLEUS http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/s2s/latest/cell1/src/tutorial/nucleolus.html Ribosomes • Ribosomes are found attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) • Ribosomes are also found floating in the cytoplasm. • Their job is to make proteins that are molecules that help to build and repair cells. http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/images/ribosome.jpg http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCELL2.html#Endoplasmic%20reticulum Mitochondrion • Found in both plant and animal cells. • Performs the process of cellular respiration in which glucose sugar is broken down to provide energy for the cell. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCELL2.html#Mitochondria Lysosome • Lysosomes are digestive structures in the cell. • They contain enzymes which are molecules that can break other molecules down. http://library.thinkquest.org/~C004535/lysosomes.html http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/images/lysosome.jpg Vacuole • Vacuoles serve different functions in plant and animal cells. • In plant cells they store water. • In animal cells they may contain food, water or waste. Water vacuole in a plant cell http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/paramecvacs.gif http://library.thinkquest.org/~C004535/vacuole.html Chloroplast Elodea cells with chloroplasts • Only found in plant cells • Perform photosynthesis a process where glucose sugar and oxygen are made from carbon dioxide and water. http://ntri.tamuk.edu/cell/nucleus.html http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Plant_Cell/Elodea/Cyto_strand_nucleus_MC.html Plant Cell Cell Wall • Only found in plant cells. • Made of a carbohydrate called cellulose • Provides structure and support for plant cells http://library.thinkquest.org/~C004535/cell_wall.html http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Plant_Cell/Elodea/Cyto_strand_nucleus_MC.html Cell Theory • All living things are made of cells. • Cells are the basic units of form and function in living things. • All cells come from pre-existing cells. BrainPop Learn more at Cells Alive Quia Cell Games The next investigation to explore… Identifying organelles from slides