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AP Psychology Unit 10: Personality Study Guide Vocabulary: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. personality psychoanalysis psychoanalytic theory unconscious libido id superego ego psychosexual stages Oedipus complex identification fixation ego defense mechanism repression projective tests Rorschach inkblot technique Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) 18. Psychic determinism 19. neo-Freudians 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. personal unconscious collective unconscious archetypes introversion extraversion basic anxiety neurotic needs inferiority complex compensation traits central traits secondary traits cardinal traits self-actualizing personalities fully functioning person false consensus effect positive psychology observational learning reciprocal determinism locus of control 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. humanistic theories temperament five-factor theory MMPI-2 reliability validity person-situation controversy type Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) implicit personality theory fundamental attribution error neuroticism psychodynamic theories unconditional positive regard spotlight effect social-cognitive perspective self-serving bias Theorists: 1. 2. 3. Sigmund Freud Alfred Adler Karen Horney 4. 5. 6. Carl Jung Gordon Allport Abraham Maslow 7. 8. 9. Carl Rogers Albert Bandura Paul Costa Discussion questions: 1. You are talking quietly with some friends at a restaurant when all of a sudden a new student at your school, Dave, sits down at your table. Dave immediately starts to tell a loud, funny story to everyone at the table while he gobbles French fries from your plate. Use the following theories to explain or describe aspects of Dave's behavior: • Reaction formation • Trait theory • Maslow's hierarchy of needs • Reciprocal determinism • Operant conditioning • Drive-reduction theory • Incentive theory 2. Your friend Fred says “I decided to make one of those online personality tests as a project in my psychology class. How hard can it be?” Part A: Explain whether or not Fred should use the following personality theories as a basis for his online personality test. • Psychoanalytic perspective • Humanistic theory • Trait theory Part B: Fred asks for your advice about how he should create his online personality test. Use the following terms to describe a process Fred could use. • Factor analysis • Reliability • Validity 3. During a heated argument with his father, 15-year-old Jason developed a paralysis of his right arm. Medical examinations can find no physical cause for the paralysis. Use the psychoanalytic perspective to explain how the paralysis may be Jason's attempt to deal with an unconscious conflict between his id and superego. 4. According to a number of psychologists, a major purpose of the defense mechanisms described by Freud is the protection of self-esteem. Give an example of how repression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, and displacement could each be used to protect or even enhance a positive self-image. 5. Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are both considered humanistic psychologists. Explain at least one core belief that Maslow and Rogers shared about human behavior and at least one criticism of their humanistic personality theory. 6. Briefly explain how trait theorists develop and test theories such as the “Big Five” personality factors. 7. The personality traits that Tonya demonstrates at parties with her friends are very different from those she exhibits when she participates in class activities. Using your knowledge of reciprocal determinism to explain why the variability of Tonya's behavior in different situations is not surprising. 8. Dr. Brunsman asks his students to self-assess their own studying and retention abilities as students and asks about how often they think other students imitate their studying behaviors. Explain how the spotlight effect and the self-serving bias may influence Dr. Brunsman's results. 9. Name and describe the three personality parts according to Freud. Be sure to describe how the parts of personality interrelate, and what strategies mediate between motivation and the expression of personality and behavior. 10. Explain the Psychoanalytic, Humanistic and Social-Cognitive Theories in terms of their approaches to personality. Be sure to include at least one prominent individual and the basic components and at least one disadvantage of each theory. 11. Explain three main differences between Individualistic and Collectivist societies. 12. Compare projective test to trait personality tests. Tell what they measure and how they measure it. 13. Explain the basis by which ego defense mechanisms reduce anxiety. Name, describe and give five practical examples of such mechanisms. 14. Compare and contrast the personality theory developed by Carl Jung and the Big Five system of traits.