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RADIOLOGICAL EPONIMS DERIVED FROM
THE LITERATURE CHARACTERS
J.Calatayud Moscoso del Prado,
G. Fernández Pérez, D. Castellón Plaza,
N. Silva Priegue, M. Velasco Casares, M. Hortas
OBJETIVES
 To describe the most relevant radiological eponyms
derived from literature, mythical, biblical or ficticious
characters.
 A fascinating journey into the origin of names wich can
contribute to the understanding of their appearance
and usage
ACHILLES TENDON
In greek mythology Achilles´ mother, Thetis,
to make him invulnerable, took her son by the
foot and dipped him in the magical waters of
River Stix, but she failed to wet the powerful
tendon at the back of the heel, so that later,
the hero Achilles would fatally wounded in
that spot for Paris´ well aimed arrow . Ever
since any small and unobtrusive point at which
and otherwise stalwart person might be
subject to attack has been know as his
Achilles heel.
The Achilles tendon is the though, witiss cord
made of collagen fibers that attaches triceps
surae to calcaneus bone
Ecographic appearance of Achilles tendon in differents projections
ADAM´S APPLE
There are different theories about the
origin of this term, one is it comes from the
superstition that a piece of the forbbiden
fruit from witch Adam ate stuck in his
throat and occasioned the swelling,
however there's no mention in the Bible
that the primordial fruit was in fact an
apple so it though that the latin term
“pomum adami” may
represent a
mistranslation of the Hebrew “tapuach ha
Adam” (male bump). This confusion might
be excused on the grounds that a single
Hebrew word means both “bump” and
“apple” and the Hebrew word for “man”
came to be the proper name “Adam”.
The Adam´s Apple is the anterior
protuberance of the thyroid cartilage
which is generally more noticeable in men
that in women.
AMMON´S HORN
The term Ammon's horn is a metaphor that
refers to the ram shaped horns on the head
representing the Egyptian God Amun who
protected the Pharaoh Taharqa in the temple
of Kawa. Many temples were dedicated to
Amun. The Greek form of the name was
Ammon, the Libyan Jupiter whom the Greeks
identified with Zeus. King David conquered a
Jordanian tribe, the Ammonites, who were
descendants of Lot, by the son of his younger
daughter. It is of interest that the related
hippocampal commissure together with the
crura of the fornix, is sometimes termed the
“psalterium” or “lyra Davidis”. Psalterium and
lyra are both harps.
Radiologists recognise it as each of two
elongated eminences (hippocampus major and
minor) on the floor of each lateral ventricle of
the brain.
ATLAS
The first cervical vertebra, which support the skull by
articulating with the occipital bone at the base of the
skull, is named after Atlas who was condemned to
support the heavens on his shoulders.
In Greek mythology, Atlas was a Titan whose bulk
surpassed that of any other man. Perseus (the son of
Zeus and Danae) asked Atlas for food and rest after
he had killed the Gorgon, Medusa. Atlas refused
because of a prophecy that a son of Zeus would steal
his golden apples. In anger, Perseus held up the
Medusa´s head and Atlas changed to stone.
3Din
TCbulk
reconstruction
of the Atlas
He increased
until he became
a mountain on
which the heavens, the stars, and the earth reste, as
does the skull on the vertebral column
DELPHIAN NODE
Delphi was a city on the slopes of
Parnassus in Phocis, and the supposed
The
Delphian
node is Goats
locatedfeeding
in the midcenter
of the Earth.
at
line
of the
neck overlaying
this fascia
mountain
hadanterior
convulsions.
A goat
the
thyroid
isthmus.
It isaso-called
herder
when
inhaling
peculiarbecause
vapor
its
affectation
predicts
disease
arising
from a deep
clefttyroidean
in the mountain
or
can had
profetice
an unpleasant
death
inside
convulsions
and his ravings
secondary
cancer.inspired and
were takentotolaryngeal
be a divinely
attributed to Apollo.
A priestess, named Pythia, was chosen
The
node
is the
calles
in honor
to sitDelphian
on a tripod
over
cleft
and herof
the
Greek
that would
foretell
inspired
wordsoracle
were interpreted
by priest.
disaster
to those
enough
correctly
Delphian
came clever
to refers
totoanything
interpret
cryptic messages.
obscure itsorusually
ambiguous
as were the
responses of the Delphic oracle
CAPUT MEDUSAE
Portal hypertension can results in
distension superficial periumbilical
veins of the skin owing to back
pressure of blood from the portal vein
witch compressed by cirrhotic liver
tissue. The wavy appearance of
these distended vein has been
compared to the hair of Medusae
This term has been also used to
refers
developmental
venous
anomalies of the brain, where a
number of veins drain centrally to
wards a single drain vein.
CAPUT MEDUSAE
Medusa was one of th three Gorgons of Greek
mythology, monstrous females with huge teeth, brazen
claws and snakes for hair.
She was once beautiful, but was deprived of her charms
by Minerva because she had defiled an Athenian tempe
by sleeping there with Poseidon. Her beautiful ringlets
were changed into hissing snakes and all who looked
turned to stone.
Her head was cut off by Perseus, who approached her
when she was asleep, and only looked at her image
reflected in his shield. He gaved the head to Minerva and
it still retained its power.
CUPID´S BOW CONTOUR
Cupid (Eros), was the winged and mischievous
son of Venus, god of love in Roman mythology,
This term describes a normal variation
whoinbecame jealous of the great beauty of the
the contour of the inferior end plates
of Psyche. Venus asked Cupid to give her
mortal
the third fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae
a passion for some low, mean unworthy being.
as seen on anteroposterior radiograph
of placed a few drops from a bitter
Cupid
the lumbar spine. It´s is important not
to
fountain
on her lips while she was asleep and
mistake this inferior end plate for touched
some
her side with the point of his arrow.
pathologies process that could cause
She started him by awakening and he
bone weakness and deformities.
accidentally wouded himself with his own arrow
Thus, they became destined for each other.
He shot arrows from his bow to make the
wounded gods or mortals fall hopelessly in love,
with whoever they happened to be gazing
upon. Legend has it that his bow was carved
from the club of Heracles.