Download DiscBio: C9 Voc Definitions

Discover Biology, Anu Singh-Cundy & Michael Cain, W.W. Norton & Company © 2012
Chapter 9: Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration, pp 205 – 224
1 aerobic; 2 anaerobic; 3 antenna complex; 4 ATP; 5 ATP synthase; 6 Calvin cycle; 7 carbon fixation;
8 cellular respiration; 9 chlorophyll; 10 chloroplast; 11 citric acid cycle; 12 consumer; 13 electron
transport chain; 14 energy carriers; 15 fermentation; 16 glycolysis; 17 Krebs cycle; 18 light reactions;
19. metabolic pathway; 20 metabolism; 21 mitochondrion; 22 NADH; 23 NADPH; 24 oxidative
phosphorylation; 25 photosynthesis; 26 photosystem; 27 photosystem I; 28 photosystem II; 29 producer;
30 proton gradient; 31 pyruvate; 32 reaction center; 33 rubisco; 34 stoma; 35 stroma; 36 thylakoid
1. oxygen-dependent
2. oxygen-independent
3. disclike clusters of pigment complexed with proteins in the thylakoids
4. adenosine triphosphate; energy molecule of the cell
5. enzyme found in the thylakoid membrane responsible for synthesis of ATP
6. series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions producing a 3-C compound using CO2 & the energy of
ATP & NADPH
7. the incorporation of CO2 into organic compound
8. O2-dependent metabolic pathway by which food molecules are metabolized & ATP is generated
9. green pigments that are specialized to absorb light energy
10. plant/ algae organelles in which chlorophyll resides, & thus, the photosynthetic light reaction occurs
11. another name for the Krebs cycle
12. organisms that must get energy from food instead of directly from sun or inorganic substances
13. a series of electron-accepting molecules embedded next to each other in the thylakoids
14. small organic molecules specialized for receiving, storing, & delivering energy within the cell
15. anaerobic postglycolytic reactions whose only role is to perpetuate glycolysis via NAD+ formation
16. sugars/glucose are split to make 2 pyruvates (3-C compound) plus 2 ATP + 2 NADH per glucose
17. enzyme-driven reactions of the mitochondrion in which pyruvate is completely degraded
18. H2O molecules are split using light energy absorbed by chlorophyll, ultimately making ATP/ NADPH
19. cellular chemical reactions occurring in chains of linked events
20. all the chemical reactions involved in the capture, storage, & utilization of energy in a cell
21. double-membrane organelle responsible for producing energy in the cell via cellular respiration
22. oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; electron & H+ acceptors in catabolic pathways
23. oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; electron & H+ acceptors in anabolic pathways
24. membrane-dependent process in which the chemical energy of NADH is converted to the chemical
energy of ATP, and H2O is produced
25. light-dependent metabolic pathway that converts CO2 & H2O into carbohydrates to make glucose
26. the combination of an antenna complex & the associated reaction center
27. photosystem associated with NADPH generation & physically/ metabolically closest to ATP synthase
28. photosystem associated with photolysis & generation of electrons, O2, & H+
29. those organisms that trap energy from sunlight or chemical compounds to make their own food
30. an imbalance in the proton concentration across the thylakoid membrane
31. 3-C organic acid produced from glycolysis & used in either fermentation or cellular respiration
32. an enzyme-chlorophyll complex where light reactions are initiated
33. enzyme in the stroma which catalyzes the addition of 1 C from CO2 to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate
34. small pores, usually located on the underside of leaves, through which CO2 enters & O2 exits plants
35. a solution surrounding the grana
36. membranes system inside the inner membranes of chloroplasts
Terms from Biology I’s chapter on photosynthesis
C4 plants. alternative pathway allowing certain plants to fix CO2 into 4-C compounds
CAM plants. alternative water-saving pathway of carbon fixation used by cactuses, pineapples, & others
Carotenoids: pigments that absorb green, yellow, orange, & brown
Granum/ grana: a stack/ stacks of connected, layered, and flattened thylakoid membranes
Photosystem - each cluster of pigment molecules & the proteins in which they are embedded
Chemiosmosis - process by which ATP is synthesized, based on the proton concentration gradient across
thylakoid membranes
pigment - compounds that absorb light
primary electron acceptor - the acceptor of the electrons lost from chlorophyll a
.