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Download Muslim Civilizations (pg 32-33)
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Muslim Civilizations (pg 32-33) New religion emerges in 600s AD in Arabia – Arabs will spread Islam throughout a huge empire Eventually breaks apart – Islam spreads – shared traditions among diverse people – opens trade routes Rise of Islam – Muhammad, prophet of islam – born in Mecca around 570 – belief that he was called in a vision – spread Islam, thousands will embrace new religion Monotheistic – one god – all power 5 basic duties – Pillars 1. Belief in one God 2. Daily Prayer 3. Charity to Poor 4. Fasting 5. Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) Quran – sacred book – holds sacred word of god and is final authority – scholars have applied quaran to life – both religion and a way of life Islam Spreads – Muhammad dies in 632 – Abu Bakr elected to be first Caliph – successor to Muhammad – military campaign to conquer across Byzantine and Persian empires - - belief in holiness in faith and paradise for those who die in battle Led Islam to Atlantic to Indus Valley (India) – Abbasid dynasty moves capital of Islam to Baghdad – rule until 1258 – Largest empire at time – baghdad was larger more wealthy city than Constantinople – 1200s – empire fragments – independent caliphates and muslim states from North Africa and Spain to Mongols converted to Islam ruled Middle East Golden Age of Muslim Civilization – Diverse cultures – Arabs, Persians, Africans, Europeans – open society – people could advance through religious, scholarly or military achievements – Tolerant of other religions – Christians and Jews were taxed but otherwise left alone – Later Turkish and Mongols spread Islam 750-1350 – Islamic merchants establish trading network – ideas, products, tech spread – study of algebra, astronomy, philosophy, literature, medicine Artisans develop mosaics – architectures – domed mosques were in center of Muslim cities – Baghdad b/c great center of learning Muslims in India – 1000 – Turkish raiders in Inida- 1100s, muslim Sultan defeats Hindu armies – capital was Delhi – Delhi sultanate from 1206 to 1526 Muslims and Hindus – widespread destruction of Buddhist monasteries – decline of buddhims – many hindus killed – eventually tolerance succeeds, and muslim takes on hindu culture Mughal India – 1526 – more invaders – Babur – destroys delhi sultanate and set up new dynasty – 1526 to 1857 – late 1600s economic hardship sparks rebellions – eventually Europeans work against Mughals Ottoman and Safavid Empires – dominate Middle east and parts of Europe – success b/c of new weapons Ottoman Empire – Turkish speaking nomadic people from Central Asia – 1300s, move across Asia Mino and into Balkans - 1453 capture Constantinople, call it Istanbul – last 500 years Sultan Suleiman (1520-66) – Ottomans are at golden age – poetry, paintings, models, architecture – at biggest, stretches from Hungary to Arabia and Mesopotamia across North Africa Safavid Empire – late 1500s, Safavids, Turkish speaking muslims unite strong empire in Iran – Shah Abbasthe Great ruled from 1588 to 1629 – revive glory of ancient Persia – capital was known for silk trade – 1700s, Qajars rule until 1925