Download What are examples of disorders that result from excessive or

Psychology 304:
Brain and Behaviour
Lecture 20
1
The Endocrine System and Development of the Nervous
System
1. What are examples of disorders that result from
excessive or deficient hormone levels? (continued)
2. What are the phases of prenatal neurodevelopment?
2
By the end of today’s class, you should be able to:
1. describe the causes and symptoms of disorders
associated with endocrine abnormalities.
2. review the process of neural tube development.
3. describe the mechanisms associated with cell
migration.
3
What are examples of disorders that result from
excessive or deficient hormone levels? (continued)
• Examples of disorders resulting from endocrine
abnormalities include the following:
4
Psychosocial Dwarfism
5
Cushing’s Disease
6
Cushing’s Syndrome
7
Congenital
Adrenal
Hyperplasia
8
What are the phases of prenatal neurodevelopment?
• Prenatal neurodevelopment is marked by a number of
discrete phases:
9
1. Development of the neural plate and neurogenesis.
 Within 1 week of conception, the embryo shows three
cell layers: The ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
 The nervous system develops from the neural plate,
which is evident 3 weeks after conception.
10
Develops into the PNS.
Formation of Neural Tube
11
Electron Micrograph of Neural Tube Closure
12
Electron Micrograph of Neural Tube Closure
13
Neural Tube
14
Embryonic Neural Tube Development
15
 Once formed, the cells that line the inner surface of
the neural tube—that is, the ventricular zone—divide
and proliferate.
 The anterior end of the neural tube ultimately
develops into the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.
 The posterior end of the neural tube ultimately
develops into spinal cord.
16
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Spinal cord
CNS Development from the Neural Tube
17
2. Cell migration
 Once cells have developed in the ventricular zone,
they migrate to target locations.
 Migration occurs in two directions: radial migration
and tangential migration.
18
Directions of Migration
19
The Endocrine System and Development of the Nervous
System
1. What are examples of disorders that result from
excessive or deficient hormone levels? (continued)
2. What are the phases of prenatal neurodevelopment?
20