Download clause - Longton Primary School

GPS NIGHT SCHOOL
WEEK 2
WHAT IS THIS COURSE ALL ABOUT?
IT IS NORMAL NOT TO KNOW THIS STUFF
Nick Gibb MP
Schools Minister
THE PLAN FOR THIS SESSION
1. Recap of learning from last week
2. Prefixes and suffixes
3. Apostrophes and their uses
4. Commas and their uses
5. Year 3 and 4 grammar: conjunctions (coordinating and subordinating conjunctions),
adverbs, adverbials, prepositions, clauses (main clauses and subordinate clauses)
6. The punctuation of speech: inverted commas
7. Direct speech and indirect (reported) speech
8. Standard English
GPS NIGHT SCHOOL
WEEK 2
TASK
What type of sentence is each of these?
What an exciting evening!
Will the night school be as great as last week?
This lecture is inspirational.
Give me an easier question!
TASK
List as many pronouns as you can…
TASK
With the people around you, discuss what each of
the following are:
Present progressive tense
Past progressive tense
Present perfect tense
Past perfect tense
PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
A prefix is a group of letters that can be added to
the beginning of a root word.
dis + appear = disappear
im + possible = impossible
dis- means ‘opposite of’
im- means ‘not’
Different prefixes have different meanings so, when
you add a prefix, you make a new word with a new
meaning.
PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
A suffix is a group of letters that can be added to the
end of a root word.
fast + er = faster
hope + less = hopeless
er means ‘more’
less means ‘without’
Different suffixes have different meanings so, when
you add a suffix, you make a new word with a new
meaning.
PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
The Oxford GPS dictionary contains a good list of
different prefixes and suffixes (and tells you what
they mean).
APOSTROPHES
Apostrophes are used in two ways:
1. To indicate possession.
2. Within a contraction.
They are not used for plural
endings.
APOSTROPHES: CONTRACTIONS
An apostrophe can be used to show that letters are missed
out of a word (a contraction).
did not = didn’t
The apostrophe shows where the letter
‘o’ has been omitted.
would have = would’ve
The apostrophe shows where the letters
‘ha’ has been omitted.
Children sometimes put the apostrophe in the wrong position within a contraction.
APOSTROPHES: ITS OR IT’S
This causes confusion.
If the word is being used as the contracted form of ‘it is’ then it
should contain an apostrophe (it’s). Otherwise, it should not!
It’s raining. = It is raining.
It’s finished. = It is finished.
This works!
This works!
This does not work!
The rabbit ate it’s breakfast. = The rabbit ate it is breakfast.
The rabbit ate its breakfast.
TASK
List as many contractions as you can.
Each time, jot down the missing letters that
replaced by the apostrophe.
APOSTROPHES: POSSESSION
Apostrophes can also be used to show ownership or
possession. This is called a possessive apostrophe.
Singular words (singular possession)
Words not ending in –s, add ‘s: the boy’s carrot
Words ending in –s, add ‘:
James’ hat
Words ending in –ss, add ‘s: the princess’s slipper
APOSTROPHES: POSSESSION
Apostrophes can also be used to show ownership or
possession. This is called a possessive apostrophe.
Plural words (plural possession)
Plurals ending in –s, add ‘: the visitors’ car park
Plurals not ending in –s, add ‘s:
the children’s books
COMMAS
Commas cause confusion because they can be used in so
many different ways.
1. Discuss with others at your table when commas can
be used.
2. Have a look through the handout.
COMMAS
… and that’s not all!
Commas are also used within speech punctuation.
SPEECH PUNCTUATION
Inverted commas (or speech marks) are used to
show when people are actually speaking.
“Finally!” she replied.
‘Finally!’ she replied.
Children will see both of the above in books. They need
to stick to the same type in their writing.
SPEECH PUNCTUATION
Examples:
“Can we paint the lounge walls pink?” she asked.
I replied calmly, “Well, I think magnolia would be better.”
“That’s a bit boring!” she retorted.
“We’ll discuss it in the morning,” I answered with a sigh.
SPEECH PUNCTUATION
Another example (split dialogue):
“It’s getting late,” observed Pete, “we should set off.”
The continued speech does not begin with a capital letter.
SPEECH PUNCTUATION
When writing speech, children must ensure that the
order of the punctuation is clear.
“Is it time?” he asked.
DIRECT SPEECH VS INDIRECT (REPORTED) SPEECH
When people’s exact words are written down, it is
direct speech.
“Is this session interesting?” asked Mr Coxhead.
DIRECT SPEECH VS INDIRECT (REPORTED) SPEECH
When a description of what somebody has said is
given, it is indirect speech. This is also known as
reported speech.
Mr Coxhead asked if the session was interesting.
TASK
Look at the sentences you’ve been given. They
are written in reported speech. Please rewrite
it using direct speech with accurate punctuation.
CONJUNCTIONS
A conjunction links words or groups of words within a
sentence.
The monkey grabbed the banana and ate it noisily.
The monkey ate the banana because he was hungry.
CO-ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
These link groups of words of equal importance. They link
two main clauses.
and
but
or
We could have dessert but it will cost a lot of money.
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
These link groups of words that are not as important as the
rest of the sentence. They attach a subordinate clause to a
main clause.
after
although
as
because
before
if
since
when
while
We will be in trouble if we do not listen carefully tonight.
If we do not listen carefully tonight, we will be in trouble.
ADVERBS
Usually, adverbs give you more information about a
verb. They tell you how, when, where or how often
something happens.
Earlier, the hedgehog ate a worm eagerly.
Andy Murray won Wimbledon twice and celebrated
passionately.
ADVERBS
Typically, children are very familiar with adverbs that
end in -ly. These are much easier to spot and normally tell
us how something is done.
carefully
nervously
cautiously
suspiciously
slowly
loudly
ADVERBIALS (ADVERBS ARE ADVERBIALS!)
An adverbial is a word or phrase which gives more
information about a verb or clause.
They tell us about time, place, manner or frequency.
The dog slept under the table.
Suzie worked very hard.
The cat sleeps all day.
FRONTED ADVERBIALS
Often, adverbial are at the front of a the sentence.
Under the table, the dog slept.
First thing in the morning, I walk the dog.
Next, I have my breakfast.
TASK
Find examples of adverbials in the extract.
PREPOSITIONS
A preposition describes the relationship between two nouns.
They can indicate position, direction, time, manner, attributes etc.
The cup is on the table.
The branch reached through the window.
The expensive present was for the teacher.
Mr Badger stared at the noisy human.
PHRASES
These are groups of words that can be understood as a
single unit. A phrase is not a sentence.
the carrot
the tasty carrot on the plate
behind the door
noun phrase
expanded noun phrase
prepositional phrase
CLAUSES: MAIN CLAUSES
These are phrases which contain verbs. The other words add
meaning to the verb.
If a clause makes sense as a sentence on its own, it is a
main clause.
The boy ate the tasty carrot.
main clause
CLAUSES: MAIN CLAUSES
Two main clauses can be joined by a co-ordinating
conjunction.
The boy ate the tasty carrot and it made him feel good.
main clauses
CLAUSES: SUBORDINATE CLAUSES
These give more meaning to the main clause. They begin
with a subordinating conjunction. They do not make sense as
a sentence on their own.
The boy ate the tasty carrot before he ate desert.
subordinate clause
CLAUSES: RELATIVE CLAUSES
These are a type of subordinate clause that begin with a
relative pronoun (e.g. that, which, who, whom or whose).
I enjoyed the film that we saw last night.
relative clause
TASK
Complete the worksheets.
STANDARD ENGLISH
STANDARD ENGLISH
We was at the park.
We were at the park.
I was at Spar.
I were at Spar.
STANDARD ENGLISH
I did it!
I done it!
Pass me those sheets.
Pass me them sheets.
STANDARD ENGLISH
I didn’t do nothing!
I didn’t do anything!
I seen him yesterday.
I saw him yesterday.