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NEED FOR CARDIAC PACEMAKER Rhythmic beating of heart originates from SA node If SA node doesn’t function properly results in decreased heart rate & change in ECG waveform PACEMAKER CONSIST OF 2 PARTS Electronic unit Lead ELECTRODES UNIPOLAR BIPOLAR TYPES OF PACEMAKER EXTERNAL PACEMAKER Used in cases of cardiac standstill Applied through metal electrode placed on surface of body It applies upto 80mA of pulses through 50sq.cm electrode on chest DISADVANTAGE Requires maximum of 150V pulses Electrodes tend to burn skin Electric pulses become painful Each impulse causes uncomfortable contraction of thoracic muscles around the area under electrodes INTERNAL PACEMAKER Stimulating pulses can be applied to a heart through a catheter passing through a vein & connected to heart ADVANTAGES Pacing current required is less Voltage o/p of internal PM is about 0-15V POWER SOURCE Life of PM is determined by the current consumption of electronic circuit and availability energy in the unit Hg batteries, biological batteries, nuclear batteries, li cells. Lithium iodide battery most commonly used Life span:5-8 yrs IMPLANTABLE PACEMAKER Electrodes are implanted beneath the skin o/p leads are connected directly to the heart muscle Pulse generator is powered by small batteries PACEMAKER ASYNCHRONOUS Fixed rate Impulse produced at a set rate No relation to patients intrinsic cardiac activity SYNCHRONOUS Demand mode Sensing circuit searches for instrinsic depolarization potential If absent, pacing response is generated LEADS SUTURELESS POROUS REFERENCES www.google.com Wikipedia THANK YOU