Download Unit 3 - Egypt

Unit 3 - Egypt
Warm-Up
• Do not write questions or answer in
complete sentences please.
• 1. What sea is located north of Egypt?
• 2. What physical feature brings life to
Egypt?
• 3. What city is located across the Nile
River from the Valley of the Kings?
• 4. Provide two reasons why papyrus
was important to Egyptians?
• 1. Silently enter class.
• 2. Sit in assigned seat.
• 3. Copy homework into
agenda.
• 4. Restroom/Water
• 5. Using your map and
•
notes, complete the
following on loose-leaf
paper.
•
• Heading (name, date, block)
Title – Egypt Geography
Review
– A.
– B.
5. How did a surplus of food impact
Egyptians and their neighbors?
– A.
– B.
6. Provide two examples that Egypt
became the wealthiest civilization in
it’s region by 1500 BCE.
– A.
– B.
Essential Questions
1. What effects did power and social class have
upon the lives of Egyptians?
2. How did Ancient Egyptians choose rulers?
3. How did Egypt’s most powerful rulers leave
their marks on history?
4. What role did religion and the afterlife play in
the lives of Egyptians?
Vocabulary
1. Menes- Egyptian ruler who united Upper and Lower Egypt into one
kingdom
2. Pharaoh – the title used by the kings and queens of Egypt
3. Monarch-a ruler of a kingdom
4. Dynasty- a series of rulers from the same family
5. Old Kingdom- a period of time in Egyptian history from about 2700 BCE to
2200 BCE
6. Khufu- the most famous pharaoh of the Old Kings who ruled in the 2500s
BCE
7. Social Hierarchy-the division of society by rank or class
8. Nobles- people from rich and powerful families; just below the pharaoh
9. Afterlife – life after death
10. Ka – a person’s life force
11. Mummies- specially treated bodies wrapped in a cloth
12. Sarcophagus-a case mummies were placed into
13. Pyramids- huge stone tombs with four triangle-shaped walls that met in a
point at top
Early Egyptian Society 2700 – 2200
BCE
• 1. Ruled by Pharaohs
– Chosen by the gods to rule on Earth; they
were the gods representatives on Earth
– Blamed for failures and praised for
accomplishments
– Inherited power by being born into
royalty…..Monarchy and not Democracy
– Menes, Khufu, Ahmose, Nefertiti,
Ahkenaten Tutankhamun, Ramses II
• 2. Social Structure
– The pharaoh needed assistance ruling Egypt
– Family members had the best jobs
• 3. Egypt’s Neighbors
– Traded goods and increased wealth
– Egypt became the wealthiest civilization in
it’s region by 1500 BCE.
• Pharaoh
• Nobles
• Scribes
• Craftspeople
• Farmers
• Servants
• Slaves
What effects did power and social
class have on the lives of Egyptians?
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Egyptian Dynasties:
The Kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt united around 3100
BCE, when Narmer (Menes), king of Upper Egypt, conquered
Lower Egypt. For most of the next 3,000 years, this land was
ruled by powerful kings called pharaohs.
Historians divide ancient Egypt into three distinct time
periods: the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the New
Kingdom. During these time periods, pharaohs ruled the
empire and passed their power down from one generation to
another through ruling dynasties.
Pharaohs waged wars to expand their empires and build
elaborate temples and tombs that still stand throughout
Egypt today.
Historians have learned about pharaohs from the artifacts
left behind in their tombs and temples.
What effects did power and social class
have on the lives of Egyptians?
– Khufu – Pyramid Builder = The Great Pyramid at Giza was constructed by King
Khufu during the Old Kingdom’s Fourth Dynasty—about 2570 BCE. Khufu’s
descendants also ordered great building projects. His son, Khafre, and
grandson, Menkaura, also built pyramids at Giza.
– Hatshepsut and Thutmose III – A Powerful pair = Queen Hatshepsut ruled for
20 years during the New Kingdom, becoming one of the most famous female
pharaohs. Her rule was a peaceful one as Hatshepsut focused on trade and
building projects. Toward the end of her reign, Hatshepsut passed more power
to Thutmose III. He ruled as pharaoh for more than 30 years after Hatshepsut’s
death. Thutmose’s independent rule was different from his time sharing power
with his stepmother. He was a successful warrior who conquered land from
Southwest Asia to Kush, the land south of Egypt. His efforts helped make Egypt
a great military power.
– Ramses II “the Great” – Warrior and King = Ramses II ruled Egypt from 1279–
1213 BCE during the New Kingdom. His 60-year rule was marked by victories
on the battlefield and great building projects throughout Egypt.
Why Does It Matter?
• Egypt was one of the largest and most influential kingdoms in the ancient
world. Pharaohs had immense power over the people of Egypt.
What effects did power and social class
have on the lives on Egyptians?
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Social Hierarchy
The ancient Egyptians believed that pharaohs were gods on
Earth.
A small group of government officials and priests served the
pharaohs.
Skilled workers, such as scribes and craftsmen, created
written works and artifacts, many of which survive today.
The majority of Egyptians (80%) were farmers who farmed
the land. Enslaved people had the lowest status in ancient
Egypt.
Why Does It Matter?
Every class in the social structure contributed to Egyptian
society and all classes supported the power of the pharaoh.
The pharaoh’s decisions about war, building projects, and
succession could affect the lives of every Egyptian.
What effects did power and social class
have on the lives of Egyptians?
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Egyptian Religion:
Ancient Egyptians were polytheists who believed in many gods. They also
believed that the dead lived on in the afterlife.
Osiris, Isis, Horus, and Seth were among the chief gods of Egypt. The
pharaoh was considered an embodiment of Horus on Earth – literally being
the god on Earth.
To prepare for the afterlife, pharaohs ordered their subjects to build
elaborate tombs, such as pyramids or underground rooms, full of fine
objects.
After death, a pharaoh’s body was carefully mummified, or preserved, by
priests before being placed in a tomb.
Why Does It Matter?
The ancient Egyptians’ focus on the afterlife is one of the reasons that their
culture has been so well preserved. Builders went to enormous lengths to
provide secure buildings to house the pharaohs’ bodies after death. Artists
and scribes created works to record the glorious past of the pharaohs. Tomb
art, including hieroglyphics, gives historians clues about what happened in
ancient Egypt.
What effects did power and social
class have on the lives of Egyptians?
• Religion and Egyptian Life
• Gods
– Polytheistic
– Built temples for worship and offered sacrifices
• Afterlife
– Believed in a life after death
– Ka was a person’s lifeforce which continued into the “next life”
– Tombs were elaborate (fancy and detailed) with riches, foods,
clothing, tools, furniture, weapons, and other goods needed for
comfort
• Burial Practices
– Bodies needed to be preserved for their Ka
– Mummies, preserved bodies, made sure the Ka would not suffer
What effects did power and social
class have on the lives of Egyptians?
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Pyramids
Burial sites were very important. Elaborate tombs
called pyramids, were built for leaders.
The largest is the Great Pyramids of Giza built for
King Khufu.
Sizes of pyramids represented the pharaoh’s
greatness = the bigger the more powerful!
The pharaoh, as a link to their gods, controlled
everyone’s afterlife. Making the spirit happy
ensured a happy afterlife for all Egyptians.
Review
1. What effects did power and social class have
upon the lives of Egyptians?
2. How did Ancient Egyptians choose rulers?
3. How did Egypt’s most powerful rulers leave
their marks on history?
4. What role did religion and the afterlife play in
the lives of Egyptians?
• Discovery Education.com video
• Journals Through History – Building and
Civilization
Independent Practice
• 1. What effects did power and social class
have upon the lives of Egyptians?
• Students will choose one of the activities
following this slide. Be as creative as you
would like.
• This is a project (test grade). Please complete
all parts and do a nice job. Do not worry
about your artistic ability. Neat please!
Prepare Your Afterlife
How will you ensure that you will be prepared for the afterlife?
1. What will your mummification process be like? How will you
preserve your body for the afterlife and keep your Ka happy? Are
there any body parts you will keep in Canopic Jars? What are
these body parts and why? What will you wrap your preserved
body in? Why?
2. What would your sarcophogus look like? What would you wish
your friends and/or family to enscribe upon your sarcophogus?
3. What would your burial tomb look like? Do you have any visuals
representing your life? What do these visuals look like? What
objects (food, drink, clothes, furniture, etc.) will you have to make
your afterlife a happy one? Why?
4. How will you ensure your burial site will remain intact? Will
you have any traps, magic spells, guards, etc.?
Lasting Legacy
How will you ensure that your name will continue being
known throughout history?
1. What Great Monument(s) would you have designed?
Do you have: temples, palaces, obelisks, statues, new
cities, etc.?
2. What does the monument(s) look like? Are there any
special words or visuals upon it?
3. What does this monument say about you? Does it
prove that you deserve to be remembered? Did you do
anything special to earn this monument?
4. How will you ensure that the monument(s) continues
to be around for thousands of years?
Egyptian Social Hierarchy
Who do you most relate to in Egyptian Social Hierarchy? Not
who you want to be, but who you would probably be.
1. What would your social status be? Why? What types of jobs
or projects would you accomplish? What would you home,
clothes, and luxury objects look like? What would your family
do for jobs, school, and leasure activities?
2. Would you change anything about your position in Egyptian
Society? What would those changes be? Why or why not?
3. If you could be anyone in Egyptian Social Hierarchy who
would it be? Why? How would your life change? Why?
The Gods
How will you ensure that religion remains an important role in
the lives of Egyptians?
1. Which god(s) or goddess(es) should be the primary focus?
Why?
How will you make sure they’re a primary focus?
2. Will there be any temple(s), builindgs, statues, etc.,
dedicated to them? What will they look like?
3. How should Egyptians worship them? Will there be an
offerings or sacrifices? Are there any festivals celebrated in the
gods’ honor? What are they called? How do people celebrate
the festivals?
4. How will life be if the gods or goddesses are pleased? Why?
How will life be if the gods or goddesses are upset? Why?