Download Chemical Change

Chemical Reactions
Chemical Change
Properties of Matter

Physical Property



Characteristic of a substance
Colour, odour, lustre, solubility, melting and
boiling points, physical state
Chemical Property


Characteristic behaviour that occurs when a
substance changes to a new substance.
Chemical change

Reactants are used to create a new material called
products.
Pure Substances and Mixtures

Pure Substance


1.
All the particles that make up the substance
are the same.
Broken down into 2 categories:
Elements

2.
Can not be broken down into simpler
substances
Compounds

Pure substances that contain two or more
different elements in a fixed proportion
Pure Substances and Mixtures

Mixtures

1.
Combination of pure substances. Broken down into 2
categories:
Homogeneous Mixture

2.
Mixture that looks the same throughout and the separate
components are not visible  Solution
Heterogeneous Mixture

Mixture is one in which different parts of the mixture are
visible
 Suspension  tiny particles cause a cloudy mixture
 Salad dressing
 Mechanical mixture  several solids combined
 Chocolate chip cookie
Chemicals and Safety (p.511)

HHPS


WHMIS


Hazardous Household Product Symbol
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
MSDS

Materials Safety Data Sheet
Atomic Theory

Protons


Neutrons


Heavy positively charged particles found in the nucleus
Neutral particles that have about the same mass as
protons and also found in nucleus
Electrons

Negatively charged particles with almost no mass that
circle the nucleus at different energy levels
Elements & the Periodic Table

Periodic Table


A structured arrangement of elements that
helps us to explain and predict physical and
chemical properties.
Atomic Structure

Bohr-Rutherford model

p. 145, fig. 4.9a
Chemical Reactivity

Valence Shells

Outer shell of atom, electrons that are in that shell are
called valence electrons.

The chemical properties of elements are related to the
energy changes that take place when atoms lose, gain
or share electrons to obtain a filled valence shell.


Metals tend to lose electrons (cation)
Non-metals tend to gain electrons (anion)
Chemical Reactivity
Atoms of Hydrogen and Oxygen are different in
the number of subatomic particles they have
 This means that their reactivity is going to


be different
2H2 + O2  2H2O
Trends in Periodic Table




Periods (horizontal rows) and Groups
(vertical columns)
Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids
Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals,
halogens, noble gases
Trends based on how electrons are
oriented

Shells
Periodic Table

Atomic Number


Atomic Mass


Is the number of protons in an
atom of an element.
Is the measure of the average
mass of an atom of that
element.
Ion Charge

Ion is an atom or group of
atoms with a negative or
positive charge.