* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Apresentação do PowerPoint - Engenharia Industrial Madeireira
Criminology wikipedia , lookup
Sociocultural evolution wikipedia , lookup
Anthropology of development wikipedia , lookup
Community development wikipedia , lookup
Social psychology wikipedia , lookup
Social Darwinism wikipedia , lookup
Development theory wikipedia , lookup
History of social work wikipedia , lookup
Social Bonding and Nurture Kinship wikipedia , lookup
Other (philosophy) wikipedia , lookup
Public sociology wikipedia , lookup
Symbolic interactionism wikipedia , lookup
Social group wikipedia , lookup
Social development theory wikipedia , lookup
Index of sociology articles wikipedia , lookup
Differentiation (sociology) wikipedia , lookup
Postdevelopment theory wikipedia , lookup
Sociology of culture wikipedia , lookup
Sociology of terrorism wikipedia , lookup
Social history wikipedia , lookup
Structural functionalism wikipedia , lookup
Social theory wikipedia , lookup
History of sociology wikipedia , lookup
Unilineal evolution wikipedia , lookup
megaslides.org Upload Login / Signup Education Health and fitness Science Sports Travel More Topics Search WhatisSoc.doc by user on 05 октября 2016 Category: Documents Downloads: 0 0 views Report Comments Description Download WhatisSoc.doc Transcript WhatisSoc.doc INTRODUCTORY LECTURE I. The Sociological Perspective Sociology is scientific study of society Systematic study of patterns among humans Larger context of social interaction Social science, but not Psychology Anthropology – pre-history History Social Work A. Seeing the General in the Particular - Mills B. Seeing the Strange in the Familiar - Berger C. Individuality in Social Context –Durkheim on Suicide II. The Importance of Global Perspective high-income countries, or industrial nations that are relatively rich, the middle-income countries, or nations characterized by limited industrialization and moderate-to-low personal income, and the low-income countries, or nations with little industrialization and severe poverty. 1) Societies all over the world are increasing interconnected, making traditional distinctions between "us" and "them" less and less valid; 2) Many human problems that we face in the United States are far more serious elsewhere; and 3) Studying other societies is an excellent way to learn more about ourselves. III. The Sociological Perspective in Everyday Life A. Sociology and Social Marginality - state of being excluded from social activity as an "outsider." B. Sociology and Social Crisis - certain historical periods have been represented by social disruption that has increased sociological awareness C. Benefits of the Sociological Perspective (1) Helping us assess the truth of commonly held assumptions, (2) prompting us to assess both the opportunities and the constraints that characterize our lives, (3) empowering us to participate actively in our society, and (4) helping us recognize human variety and confront the challenges of living in a diverse world. D. Applied Sociology - social programs and social policy creation and implementation IV. The Origins of Sociology Prior to the nineteenth century philosophers used only philosophical and theological perspectives in their studies, concentrating on the imaginary "ideal" rather than on the analysis of what society was really like. Sociology emerged as focus was given to understanding how society actually operates. A.Science and Sociology Auguste Comte argued for a scientific approach in studying society and coined the term sociology in 1838. three eras: theological stage, metaphysical stage, and the scientific stage. Sociology emerged in the United States as an academic discipline during the early twentieth century. US soc is very positivistic, not very philosophical B.Social Change and Sociology Sociology emerged after the great transformations in European societies during the 1600 & 1700s. 1. New Industrial Economy - rapid technological change, rise of factories and cities, weakened cultural traditions 2. The Growth of Cities – larger, more diverse, social mobility, education 3. Political Change - Divine Law replaced by ideas of individual liberty and individual rights. C. Marginal Voices – Sociologists often marginalized population, also now recognizing work of women (Martineau, Addams) and blacks (W.E.B. DuBois) V. Sociological Theory While the sociological perspective provides us with a unique vantage point from which to observe our social world, theory helps us to meaningfully organize and explain the linkages between specific observations we make. A theory is a statement of how and why specific facts are related. Sociologists are guided by one or more general frameworks, or theoretical paradigms. A theoretical paradigm provides a basic image of society that guides thinking and research. There are three principal theoretical paradigms used by sociologists. Each one focuses the researcher's attention on particular types of questions about how society is organized, and on different explanations about why certain patterns are found in society. A. Structural-Functional Paradigm - framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. The two basic components of this paradigm are social structure, or a relatively stable pattern of social behavior, and social function, which refers to consequences of a social pattern for the operation of society. Early sociologists using this perspective included Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, and Emile Durkheim. In US 1900s, Robert Merton manifest functions, or consequences of social structure both recognized and intended, & latent functions, which are unrecognized and unintended consequences of social structure. May be eufunctions and dysfunctions Critique: is a conservative approach, tends to ignore tension and conflict B. The Social-Conflict Paradigm - framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and social change. Social differences, rather than social integration, are the focus using this paradigm. Marx, feminist, womanist Critique: social unity is ignored, and that in focusing on change, objectivity may be lost. C. Symbolic-Interaction Paradigm (micro-level orientation) framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals. We interact in terms of shared symbols and meanings. George Herbert Mead, Erving Goffman (dramaturgical analysis), and George Homans and Peter Blau (socialexchange analysis) D. Example: Sports: Three Theoretical Paradigms in Action 1.The Functions of Sports 2.Sports and Conflict 3.Sports as Interaction VI.Summary Sociology is the study of society. We attempt to be as scientific as we can. We need statistics to make generalizations and inferences. The only statistics you need to know are: mean, median, mode. Know the three theoretical perspectives and one outstanding founder. For this, see handout. Recommended Sociology writingassignments.doc Curriculum_Committee.pdf Soc1301NOWALK.doc Curr._Comm_Report_05.pdf Introduction2SociologySyllabus.doc Guiding Questions for SCOL/ADM Case Study Theoreticalperspectives.doc CAS_Diversity_Comm_R.pdf sylTctF05.doc View more Subscribe to our Newsletter for latest news. Newletter About DMCA Abuse STARTUP - Share & Download Unlimited Fly UP