Download exercise_physiology II for students

Section II Exercise Physiology (Q1-Q26)
1. Which of the following training techniques will most likely cause the greatest caloric
expenditure from excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) following a one-hour
exercise bout?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Weight training using 60-75% 1RM
Yoga
Steady-state aerobic training in the fat-burning zone
Interval aerobic training in the carbohydrate zone
2. Completing three minutes of moderate intensity exercise would use fuel primarily from
which metabolic pathway?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Aerobic metabolism of proteins
Anaerobic metabolism of creatine phosphate
Aerobic metabolism of lipids
Anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrates
3. Cellular adaptations to aerobic exercise include increasing the oxidative capacity of fast
twitch muscle fibers via _________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
increased mitochondrial density
increased anaerobic enzymes
increased protein concentration
reduced reliance on intramuscular fat
4. In general, it takes _____________ before protein synthesis will enhance a muscle’s size and
the respective motor unit’s force capabilities.
a.
b.
c.
d.
1-2 weeks
3-4 weeks
6-8 weeks
>3 months
5. Which of the following is the primary factor responsible for an increase in muscle
hypertrophy in response to resistance training?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The concentration of anabolic hormone
An increase in the number of muscle fibers
The conversion of slow twitch fibers to fast twitch
The number of sarcomeres within a myofibril
6. A motor nerve and all of the muscle fibers it innervates is called a ___________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
myofibril
motor unit
motor pool
action potential
7. The cellular organelle responsible for aerobic energy production is the ___________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
sarcoplasmic reticulum
actomyosin
sarcolemma
mitochondria
8. ________ initiates a muscle contraction by binding to troponin.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
9. _________ is the primary fuel used to create ATP during a 3RM bench press test.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Glucose
Creatine Phosphate
Acetyl-CoA
Pyruvate
10. ________ is/are used to make ATP anaerobically during high intensity exercise, making it a
key dietary fuel source for activity.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Fat
Carbohydrates
Protein
Vitamins
11. Cardiac output x (a-v)O2 difference represents _________, which determines the caloric cost
of the exercise.
a.
b.
c.
d.
oxygen consumption (VO2)
blood pressure
rate-pressure product
myocardial demand
12. Which of the following minerals play a role in cellular fluid balance and affects risk of
dehydration during exercise?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Sodium
Chloride
Potassium
All of the above
13. Although all energy systems are used to various extents, intense activities that last 30-45
seconds will predominantly rely on __________ for energy production.
a.
b.
c.
d.
phosphagen (ATP-CP)
anaerobic glycolysis
fat oxidation
aerobic glycolysis
14. Which of the following may cause inhibition to muscle cell contractility during physical
activity?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Lactic acid
VO2max
Heart rate
CO2
15. Which of the following is the contractile unit of a skeletal muscle that runs in sequence along
the myofibril?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Fascicule
Sarcomere
Actomyosin
16. Suppose that after several weeks of training a client’s VO2max increased from 34 ml∙kg1
∙min-1 to 38 ml∙kg-1∙min-1. Which of these physiological adaptations played a role in the
improvement?
a.
b.
c.
d.
An increase in O2 extraction and increased cardiac output due to training
An increase in glycolytic enzymes and increased maximum heart rate due to training
An increase in heart size and fast-twitch motor units
A decrease in (a-v)O2 difference and decreased cardiac output due to training
17. The __________ is the first system of the body to adapt to exercise.
a.
b.
c.
d.
muscular system
nervous system
endocrine system
cardiovascular system
18. The _________ muscle fiber is largest in diameter and has the greatest potential for increases
in size.
a.
b.
c.
d.
type I
type IIa
type IIb
slow twitch
19. The voluntary action of muscle is controlled by signals from the nervous system called
_________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
action potentials
motor signals
voluntary impulses
dynamic reflexes
20. Endurance athletes usually have a lower heart rate at rest due to ________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a greater stroke volume
greater fat metabolism
higher levels of epinephrine at rest
reduced contractility of the left ventricle
21. A person’s approximate caloric expenditure for each liter of oxygen used is ___________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
5 kcal
20 kcal
100 kcal
3,500 kcal
22. A person’s unique adaptation response to a particular resistance training program is primarily
due to ___________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
aerobic adaptations
differences in muscle fiber concentrations
heart size
fasting blood glucose levels
23. Diastolic blood pressure ___________ during aerobic exercise and ___________ during
resistance training.
a.
b.
c.
d.
decreases, increases
slightly decreases, significantly decreases
slightly increases, significantly increases
increases, decreases
24. Which is NOT an adaptive change in the nervous system in response to resistance training?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Increased recruitment of the motor units
Increased motor unit firing synchronicity
Increased firing rate of the motor units
Increased protein synthesis
25. Which of the following is produced during energy metabolism and determines calories
expended during an activity?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Water
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
ATP
26. What is the primary reason it is necessary to take longer rest periods between subsequent sets
of near maximal resistance training exercises for optimal strength gains?
a.
b.
c.
d.
To convert lactic acid to lactate
To replenish creatine phosphate in the muscle tissue
To reduce heart rate response
To reduce blood pressure response
27. What rest interval between sets of 5RM deadlifts would ensure restoration of the phosphagen
system and proper performance in the next effort?
a. 30 seconds
b. 60 seconds
c. 90 seconds
d. 120 seconds
28. Stroke volume refers to the _______________.
a. number of contractions of the heart per minute
b. pressure of the blood in the right ventricle
c. amount of blood expelled by the left ventricle per contraction (beat)
d. volume of blood in the heart between beats
29. Aerobic metabolism in the muscle cell occurs within which organelle?
a. mitochondria
b. golgi tendons
c. sarcomeres
d. muscle spindles
30. Why would a low-intensity walking program be ineffective cardiovascular exercise
prescription for reducing body fat in a physically-active client?
a. low rate of caloric expenditure
b. high rate of lactic acid production
c. low turnover of ATP
d. high bodily protein synthesis
31. The amount of O2 used by the body during a training session is referred to as ___________.
a. VO2max
b. (a-v)O2 difference
c. oxygen uptake
d. ejection fraction
32. What byproduct of glycolysis triggers an elevation in the respiration rate when concentrations
are high in the blood?
a. Acytel CoA
b. nitrogen
c. creatine
d. lactic acid
33. When prescribing balance and stability training, such as having a client stand on one foot
while performing trunk rotation, the emphasis for improvement occurs through:
a. improvements in proprioception
b. antagonist inhibition
c. increased mass in local movers
d. improved endocrine response
34. Which of the following adaptations will occur to slow-twitch fibers within a muscle after
regular participation in a resistance training program?
a. conversion into type II fibers
b. increased force capacity
c. new fibers will be created
d. decreased glycogen storage capacity
35. What is the minimal rest time needed between vertical jump assessments so that the depleted
ATP is fully replenished?
a. 15 seconds
b. 30 seconds
c. 45 seconds
d. 90 seconds
36. The breakdown of what biological energy source results in the production of lactic acid?
a. ATP
b. glucose
c. creatine phosphate
d. amino acids
37. An individual’s blood pressure is a product of which two factors?
a. capillary density and glycogen storage
b. VO2max and peripheral resistance
c. cellular respiration and heart rate
d. heart rate and peripheral resistance
38. Which superset would be optimal for maximizing fiber recruitment and promoting muscle
hypertrophy?
a. lunge and seated row
b. bench press and dumbbell flyes
c. leg press and lat pull-down
d. shoulder press and abdominal crunches
39. Initial improvements in strength associated with resistance training are primarily due to:
a. improvements in the nervous sytem
b. cardiovascular system adjustments
c. reduced endocrine system responses
d. delayed onset of fatigue due to reduced heart rate responses
40. What is different in the endocrine response to a 5RM squat when compared with a 15RM
squat?
a. more insulin is released
b. more glucagon is released
c. more testosterone is released
d. more cortisol is released
41. Which pairs of movements employ reciprocal inhibition in a set aimed at strength and
flexibility?
a. squat and rotator cuff stretch
b. seated leg extension and hamstring stretch
c. Romanian deadlift and pectoralis stretch
d. triceps pushdown and triceps stretch
42. What is the minimal rest interval needed between sets of squats using a 3RM intensity to
ensure adequate recovery?
a. 30 seconds
b. 60 seconds
c. 90 seconds
d. 180 seconds
43. Once stroke volume levels off, any further increase in intensity during aerobic exercise will
be supported by an increase in:
a. VO2max
b. heart rate
c. lactate production
d. respiration rate
44. Which of the following energy substrates can be metabolized aerobically or anaerobically to
produce ATP?
a. glycogen
b. amino acids
c. trigylcerides
d. complete proteins
45. What type of contraction is performed by the abdominals and erector spinae muscle group
during the performance of a push-up?
a. isokinetic
b. isometric
c. concentric
d. eccentric
46. The storage of what energy is most associated with premature fatigue during both aerobic and
anaerobic exercise.
a. amino acids
b. glycogen
c. ATP
d. creatine phosphate
47. A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates form a ___________.
a. cross bridge
b. mitochondria
c. motor unit
d. sarcomere
48. The sliding filament theory of muscular contraction states ___________.
a. thin actin filaments move over thick myosin filaments to produce force
b. motor units cross each other as they are recruited
c. filaments in ATP are separated by ATPase
d. force is produced by tendons which pull on the connected bone
49. Which of the following is a postural muscle characterized by a relatively greater slow-twitch
fiber density?
a. trapezius
b. gluteus medius
c. obliques
d. soleus
50. The fuel for a 12RM bench press will primarily come from _________.
a. ATP
b. creatine phosphate
c. sugar
d. fat
51. Which system of the body has the greatest adaptation rate when exposed to a new training
program?
a. nervous system
b. cardiovascular system
c. endocrine system
d. digestive system
52. Which exercise would be most beneficial for promoting strength gains in the legs?
a. walking lunge (12RM)
b. overhead squat (15RM)
c. vertical jump (1RM)
d. leg press (6RM)
53. What type of activity is most beneficial for correcting myofascial restriction associated with
previous training?
a. static flexibility training
b. low-level plyometrics
c. foam rolling
d. calisthenics
54. Which of the following supersets would be of the greatest benefit to a weight-loss goal?
a. triceps pushdown superset with dumbbell lateral raise
b. biceps curl superset with calf raise
c. seated leg extension superset with back extension
d. front squat to press superset with reverse lunge with MB rotation
55. Delayed-onset muscle soreness generally occurs:
a. 30-60 minutes after a training session starts
b. 1-3 hours after a training session ends
c. 24-72 hours after a training session ends
d. at least 72 hours after a training session ends
56. If attempting to lose body weight, what would be the best choice for conditioning when only
30 minutes is available?
a. Steady-state training at 60-65% of VO2max
b. Free weight training using compound exercises
c. Two-minute, high-intensity interval circuits using resistance exercises
d. Yoga in a hot environment