Download Sixth Grade Science v. 2016

Science: Sixth Grade
In sixth grade physical science, students learn about the physical world around them
including basic chemistry and physics concepts. Topics of study include elements, particles,
types of energy, phase changes and reactions, forces and motion, and magnets.
Course Information:
Frequency & Duration: 43 minutes; 5 periods per week; full year
Text: Physical Science 6th – 8th grade supplemental, Prentice Hall Physical Science
Asset Modules:
Chemical Interactions
Forces and Motion
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
Content: Scientific Method
Duration: August/September (3 weeks)
How do people solve problems?
Essential
How do we find answers with scientifically reliable method?
Question: What makes a question testable?


Skill:


Assessment:


Identify the parts of the scientific methods and use a lab sheet.
Infer and predict as part of completing a lab activity.
Draw conclusions as part of completing a lab activity.
Graph results of a lab activity.
Students will be able to identify and apply the scientific method as part of a lab
investigation.
Students will identify key vocabulary as part of an assessment.
Science Explorer Physical Science Student edition. (2006) Pearson Prentice Hall pages 1-28
Save Fred activity
Resources:
Swing Time Lab
Graph sheets
Standards: 3.2.6.B7.Science as Inquiry
Chemistry- the study of properties of matter and how matter changes; Communicating- the
process of sharing ideas with others through writing and speaking; Controlled Experimentan experiment in which only one variable is manipulated at a time; Data- facts, figures, and
other evidence that scientists collect through observing; Dependent Variable or Responding
Variable- the factor that changes as a result of changes to the manipulated, or independent,
Vocabulary: variable in an experiment; Hypothesis- a possible explanation for a set of observations or
answer to a scientific question; Inferring- the process of making an inference, an interpretation
based on observations and prior knowledge; Independent Variable or Manipulated
Variable- the one factor that a scientist changes during an experiment; Observing- the
process of using one or more of your scenes to gather information; Physics- the study of
1
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
matter and how they interact; Qualitative Observation-an observation that deals with
characteristics that are not expressed numbers; Quantitative Observation-an observation that
deals with a number or amount; Predicting- the process of forecasting what will happen in the
future based on past experience or evidence; Science- a way of learning about the natural
world through observations and logical reasoning leads to a body of knowledge; Scientific
Inquiry or Scientific Method- the ongoing process of discovery in science; Scientific Law-a
statement that describes what scientist expect to happen every time under a particular set of
conditions; Scientific Theory- a single explanation that connects a large set of related
observations or results from experiments; Variable- a factor that can change in an experiment
Comments
2
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
Content: Mystery Mixture
Duration: September/October (3 weeks)
How can mixtures be separated?
Essential
How do you know when a chemical reaction has occurred?
Question: What makes up a good observation?



Skill:





Assessment: 



Differentiate between elements, compounds, and mixtures.
Identify groups of elements that have similar properties.
Compare and contrast a pure substance with a mixture.
Identify elements are the basic building blocks of matter.
Identify the characteristics of elements of the periodic table.
Describe how reactants change into products.
Given a set of matter the students will identify if the matter is a(n) element, compound, or
mixtures.
Using the periodic table the students will Identify the groups or families and their
properties
Students will list the differences of a pure substance and mixture given a set of matter.
Students will display and list the elements that make up a given substance.
Students will be able to identify the characteristics of an element by its location on the
periodic table.
Viewing a simple chemical reactions describe how a reactant changes to product.
Asset Science Kit: Chemical Interactions
Resources: Student notebook pages 1-11
Student resource book Chemical Interactions pages 87, 97-101
3.2.7.A1. Differentiate between elements, compounds, and mixtures. Identify groups of
elements that have similar properties. Explain how materials are characterized by having a
specific amount of mass in each unit of volume (density).
3.2.6.A2. Compare and contrast pure substances with mixtures.
Standards: 3.2.7.A2. Identify atoms as the basic building blocks of matter and that elements are composed
of one type of atom.
3.2.8.A2. Identify characteristics of elements derived from the periodic table.
3.2.7.A4. Describe how reactants change into products in simple chemical reactions.
Chemical Reaction- a substance produced in a chemical reaction; Compressed- the physical
appearance of a sample of matter based on the kinetic energy of its particles. Common phases
include solid, liquid, and gas; Density- the smallest piece of a substance that is still that
Vocabulary:
substance; Dissolve- two or more substances together; Electron- a phase of matter that has
definite volume but no definite shape. Particles of liquid are loosely bonded, but can flow over
and around one another; Expansion- a phase of matter that has no definite shape or volume.
3
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
Particles of gas fly independently through space; Gas- an increase of volume; Liquid- a
subatomic particle with a negative charge; Mass- a subatomic particle with a positive charge;
Matter- capable of being dissolved. Table salt is soluble in water; Mixture- to incorporate one
substance uniformly into another substance at the particle level; Neutron- a way to organize
the elements based on atomic number and chemical property; Particle- the ratio of mass and
volume in a sample of matter; Periodic Table of Element- a characteristic of a substance that
can be observed without changing it chemically, such as size, shape, density, and phase; Phasereduced in volume as a result of applied pressure; Physical Property- a type of matter defined
by a unique particle; Product- a process during which starting substances (reactants) change
into new substances (products) with different arrangements of atoms; Proton- a mixture
formed when one substance dissolves in another; Reactant- a defined quantity of space; Solida subatomic particle with no charge; Soluble- a measure of the quantity of matter; Solution- a
starting substance in a chemical reaction; Substance- anything that has mass and takes up
space; Volume- a phase of matter that has definite volume and definite shape. The particles of
a solid are tightly bonded and cannot move around
Comments
4
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
Content: Elements
Duration: October (1 week)
How do elements combine to make other stuff?
Essential
How much matter is in there?
Question: How is an element’s identify determined?


Skill: 




Assessment: 

Given a set of matter the students will identify if the matter is a(n) element, compound, or
mixtures.
Using the periodic table the students will Identify the groups or families and their
properties
Identify elements are the basic building blocks of matter.
Identify the characteristics of elements of the periodic table.
Explain the differences between and physical and chemical change.
Compare and contrast atomic properties of conductors and insulators.
The students will be able to identify if a change is a chemical or physical change and
support with evidence.
Given a set of compounds the students will be able to determine the ratio of elements.
Given a set of activities the students will compare and contrast atomic properties of
conductors and insulators.
Asset Science Kit: Chemical Interactions
Resources: Student notebook pages 13-21
Student resource book Chemical Interactions pages 3-13, 90
3.2.6.A4. Differentiate between physical changes and chemical changes.
3.2.6.A1. Distinguish the differences in properties of solids, liquids, and gases. Differentiate
between volume and mass. Investigate that equal volumes of different substances usually have
Standards: different masses.
3.2.8.B4. Compare and contrast atomic properties of conductors and insulators
3.2.7.A1.
3.2.8.A1.
3.2.7.A2.
3.2.8.A2.
Chemical Reaction- a substance produced in a chemical reaction; Compressed- the physical
appearance of a sample of matter based on the kinetic energy of its particles. Common phases
include solid, liquid, and gas; Density- the smallest piece of a substance that is still that
substance; Dissolve- two or more substances together; Electron- a phase of matter that has
Vocabulary: definite volume but no definite shape. Particles of liquid are loosely bonded, but can flow over
and around one another; Expansion- a phase of matter that has no definite shape or volume.
Particles of gas fly independently through space; Gas- an increase of volume; Mass- a
subatomic particle with a positive charge; Mixture- to incorporate one substance uniformly
5
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
into another substance at the particle level; Neutron- a way to organize the elements based on
atomic number and chemical property; Particle- the ratio of mass and volume in a sample of
matter; Periodic Table of Element- a characteristic of a substance that can be observed
without changing it chemically, such as size, shape, density, and phase; Phase-reduced in
volume as a result of applied pressure; Physical Property- a type of matter defined by a
unique particle; Proton- a mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another; Reactanta defined quantity of space; Solid-a subatomic particle with no charge; Soluble- a measure of
the quantity of matter; Solution- a starting substance in a chemical reaction; Substanceanything that has mass and takes up space; Volume- a phase of matter that has definite volume
and definite shape. The particles of a solid are tightly bonded and cannot move around
Comments
6
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
Content: Particles
Duration: October (1 week)
How is matter different and the same?
Essential
What is the smallest part?
Question: How do you determine what makes up a compound?



Skill: 



Assessment:



Distinguish the differences in properties of a solid, liquid, and gasses.
Identify the difference of volume and mass of different substances.
The students will be able to identify if a change is a chemical or physical change and
support with evidence.
Identify how energy is transferred
Explain the effects on the physical and chemical properties of matter during energy transfer
Demonstrate that heat moves in predictable ways from warmer objects to cooler ones.
SCALE Investigate that materials may be composed of parts too small to be seen without
magnification.
Students will explain how the properties of matter changed during energy transfer.
Using lab resource the students will Demonstrate that heat moves in predictable ways from
warmer objects to cooler ones.
Using models the students will Investigate that materials may be composed of parts too
small to be seen without magnification.
Asset Science Kit: Chemical Interactions
Resources: Student notebook pages 22-31
Student resource book Chemical Interactions pages 14-22
3.2.6.A1. Distinguish the differences in properties of solids, liquids, and gases. Differentiate
between volume and mass. Investigate that equal volumes of different substances usually have
different masses.
3.2.7.A3. Explain how energy transfer can affect the chemical and physical properties of
Standards: matter.
3.2.6.B6. ENERGY Demonstrate that heat moves in predictable ways from warmer objects to
cooler ones. SCALE Investigate that materials may be composed of parts too small to be seen
without magnification.
3.2.6.A4.
3.2.8.B4.
7
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
Chemical Reaction- a substance produced in a chemical reaction; Compressed- the physical
appearance of a sample of matter based on the kinetic energy of its particles. Common phases
include solid, liquid, and gas; Density- the smallest piece of a substance that is still that
substance; Dissolve- two or more substances together; Electron- a phase of matter that has
definite volume but no definite shape. Particles of liquid are loosely bonded, but can flow over
and around one another; Expansion- a phase of matter that has no definite shape or volume.
Particles of gas fly independently through space; Gas- an increase of volume; Mass- a
subatomic particle with a positive charge; Mixture- to incorporate one substance uniformly
into another substance at the particle level; Neutron- a way to organize the elements based on
Vocabulary: atomic number and chemical property; Particle- the ratio of mass and volume in a sample of
matter; Periodic Table of Element- a characteristic of a substance that can be observed
without changing it chemically, such as size, shape, density, and phase; Phase-reduced in
volume as a result of applied pressure; Physical Property- a type of matter defined by a
unique particle; Proton- a mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another; Reactanta defined quantity of space; Solid-a subatomic particle with no charge; Soluble- a measure of
the quantity of matter; Solution- a starting substance in a chemical reaction; Substanceanything that has mass and takes up space; Volume- a phase of matter that has definite volume
and definite shape. The particles of a solid are tightly bonded and cannot move around
Comments
8
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
Content: Kinetic Energy
Duration: November (1 week)
What is energy?
Essential
How can energy be transferred from one object or system to another?
Question: How does energy interact with matter to cause change and do work?
Skill:









Assessment:


Distinguish the differences in properties of a solid, liquid, and gasses.
Identify the difference of volume and mass of different substances.
Identify how energy is transferred
Explain the effects on the physical and chemical properties of matter during energy
transfer
Explain how a change in energy, changes matter.
Explain the differences between and physical and chemical change.
Demonstrate that heat moves in predictable ways from warmer objects to cooler ones.
SCALE Investigate that materials may be composed of parts too small to be seen without
magnification.
Given a set of matter the students will be able to identify the state of matter and the
properties
The students will investigate different substances to compare the volumes and masses.
Students will explain how the properties of matter changed during energy transfer.
Asset Science Kit: Chemical Interactions
Resources: Student notebook pages 32-41
Student resource book Chemical Interactions pages 23-31
Standards:
3.2.7.A3. Explain how energy transfer can affect the chemical and physical properties of matter.
3.2.6.A1.
3.2.8.A3.
3.2.6.A4.
3.2.8.A4.
3.2.6B6.
9
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
Contract- to shorten or to become reduced in size; Contraction- the act of decreasing
(something) in size or volume or quantity or scope; Kinetic Energy-the type of energy that an
Vocabulary: object has because it is in motion; Temperature- the degree of hotness or coldness of an
object or the environment corresponding to its molecular activity; Thermometer- an
instrument used for measuring temperature
Comments
10
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
Content: Energy Transfer
Duration: November (1.5 weeks)
What are the different forms of energy?
How is energy conserved as it transforms from one form to another/from one object to
another?
Essential How does energy affect the motion of an object?
Question: How are temperature and energy related?
How does energy get transferred from one object to another?
What is a system?
What is thermal energy?



Skill:

Assessment:

Identify the difference of volume and mass of different substances.
Distinguish the differences in properties of a solid, liquid, and gasses.
Identify how energy is transferred.
Explain the effects on the physical and chemical properties of matter during energy
transfer.
Explain how a change in energy, changes matter.


Students will explain how the properties of matter changed during energy transfer.
Students will explain how energy changes matter during a lab activity.
Asset Science Kit: Chemical Interactions
Resources: Student notebook pages 43-52
Student resource book Chemical Interactions pages 32-37
Standards: 3.2.6.A1.
3.2.7.A3.
3.2.8.B3.
3.2.6.B6.
Calorie- the energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius;
Conduction- when heat or electricity moves from one place to another; Conservation of
Energy- a principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be altered from
one form to another; Cooling- is a form of energy to become less hot, calm or less excited;
Vocabulary: Energy Transfer- the conversion of one form of energy into another, or the movement of
energy from one place to another; Equilibrium- a state in which opposing forces or influences
are balanced; Heating- a form of energy associated with the movement of atoms and
molecules in any material. The higher the temperature of a material, the faster the atoms are
moving, and hence the greater the amount of energy present as heat
Comments
11
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
Content: Heat of Fusion, Phase Change and Reactions
Duration: November/December (3 weeks)
What happens to the particles when chemical changes occur?
How do particles in various phases interact with each other.. (pushes and pulls between
Essential particles)
Question: What determines whether a reaction is exothermic or endothermic?
What are the three methods of heat transfer and how do particles interact when transferring
heat by these methods?





Skill:




Track the movement of heat between objects
Explain how heat effects particle motions
Explain what happens to particles during phase changes
Differentiate among convection, conduction, and radiation
Explain why heat energy consists of the random motion and vibrations
Explain how changes in temperature are accompanied by changes in kinetic energy
Compare and contrast atomic properties of conductors and insulators.
Explain how electrical current is produced by the flow of electrons
Explain and demonstrate how electric current produces magnetic forces and how moving
magnets produce electric current.

Provided examples the students Give examples of how heat moves in predictable ways,
normally flowing from warmer objects to cooler ones until they reach the same
temperature. Explain the effect of heat on particle motion by describing what happens to
particles during a phase change.
Given a set of heat transfers the students will be able to determine if is convection,
conduction, or radiation
Illustrate the motion of particles and explain during heat transfer. During a lab activity the
students will explain how electrical current is produced by the flow of electrons
Explain and demonstrate how electric current produces magnetic forces and how moving
magnets produce electric current.
Given a set of activities the students will compare and contrast atomic properties of
conductors and insulators.

Assessment:



Asset Science Kit: Chemical Interactions
Resources: Student notebook pages 54-73
Student resource book Chemical Interactions pages 38-48
3.2.6.B3. Give examples of how heat moves in predictable ways, normally flowing from
warmer objects to cooler ones until they reach the same temperature. Explain the effect of heat
on particle motion by describing what happens to particles during a phase change.
Standards: 3.2.7.B3. Differentiate among convection, conduction, and radiation. Explain why heat energy
consists of the random motion and vibrations of the particles of matter.
3.2.7.B4. Explain how electrical current is produced by the flow of electrons. Explain and
demonstrate how electric current produces magnetic forces and how moving magnets produce
12
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
electric current.
3.2.8.B3.
3.2.6.B6.
Atom- the basic unit of a chemical element; Bond- A force of attraction that holds atoms or
ions together in a molecule or crystal; Burning- a chemical reaction that involves the rapid
combination of a fuel with oxygen; Compound- a thing that is composed of two or more
separate elements; a mixture; Condensation- change of a gas or vapor to a liquid, either by
cooling or by being subjected to increased pressure; Conservation of Matter- the principle
that matter cannot be created or destroyed; Constraint- a limitation or restriction; Criterionsomething that is used as a reason for making a judgment or decision; Crystal- a piece of a
homogeneous solid substance having a natural geometrically regular form with symmetrically
arranged plane faces; Deposition- The accumulation or laying down of matter by a natural
process; Dissolve- to make a solution of, as by mixing with a liquid; Engineering Probleminvolves stating the problem to be solved as clearly as possible in terms of criteria for success,
and constraints or limits; Evaporation- the process of a liquid changing into a gas; Freeze- the
process through which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid; Freezing Pointtemperature at which a liquid changes into a solid; the same temperature as the melting point;
Insulation- material that is used to stop the passage of electricity, heat, or sound from one
Vocabulary: conductor to another; Ionic Compound- a chemical compound comprising ions held
together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonding; Melt- make or become liquefied by heat;
Mixture- a substance made by mixing other substances together; Melting Point- temperature
at which a given material changes from a solid to a liquid, or melts; the same temperature as
freezing point; Molecule- group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest
fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction; Phase
Change- a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in
chemical composition; Solubility- a chemical property referring to the ability for a given
substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. It is measured in terms of the maximum amount
of solute dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium. The resulting solution is called a saturated
solution; Solute- the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent; Solution- a
liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the
major component (the solvent); Solvent- able to dissolve other substances; State of Matterone of the four principal conditions in which matter exists—solid, liquid, gas, and plasma;
Sublimation- process of changing from a solid to a gas without passing through an
intermediate liquid phase
Comments
13
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
Content: Here to There
Duration: January (1 week)
Does something have to move to be in motion?
How can motion be observed, described, measured and represented?
Essential
How do different speeds look on different graphs?
Question: How do we represent direction?
What is the difference between a positive and negative slope?
Identify and use the following:
•
Skill: •
•
•
•

Assessment:



Position is the location of an object at any given time.
Motion is the act of changing position.
Distance is the amount of change of position.
A reference point is an arbitrary point on an object, used to establish its position.
Calculate distance (d ) using the distance equation.
Observe and describe an object’s motion in terms of change of position.
Explain how to use a reference point to determine the distance moved by an object.
Measure distance in standard metric units.
Use tools to gather data and mathematics to organize data.
Asset Science Kit: Forces and Motion
Student notebook pages Lab notebook page
Resources: Text book Forces and Motion page
Student resource book Forces and Motion
3.2.6.B1. Explain how changes in motion require a force.
3.2.7.B1. Describe how unbalanced forces acting on an object change its velocity. Analyze how
Standards: observations of displacement, velocity, and acceleration provide necessary and sufficient
evidence for the existence of forces
Displacement (∆x)- amount and direction of change of position between an object’s initial
position and final position; Distance (d)- amount of change of position between an initial
position and a final position; always a positive number; Final Position (xf)- position of an
Vocabulary: object at the end of a motion; Initial Position (xi)- The position of an object at the start of a
motion; Motion- act of changing position; Position (x)- object’s location at a given time;
Reference Point- specific location used to monitor change of position. Reference points can
be on a moving object or in an object’s environment
Comments
14
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
Content: Speed and Comparing Speed
Duration: January (3 weeks)
Essential In what ways does speed change?
Question: How can we represent speed?



Skill:




Assessment:




Identify speed is the rate of change of position of an object: v = d / Δt.
To use the slope of the line on a speed graph represents speed; steeper slopes represent
higher speeds.
Find distance using equation for calculating distance when speed and time are known is d =
v ✕ Δt.
Find average speed is the total distance traveled by an object divided by the total time
needed to go that distance.
The slope of a line on a distance-versus-time graph represents speed; steeper slopes
represent higher speeds.
A distance-versus-time graph can be used to determine an object’s speed.
Conduct experiments to acquire distance and time data and to determine speed.
Use tools to gather data and mathematics to organize data.
Use mathematics to solve problems involving unknown quantities.
Explain speed in terms of distance and time.
Conduct experiments to acquire time and distance data and to determine speed.
Asset Science Kit: Forces and Motion
Student notebook pages Lab notebook pages
Resources: Text book Forces and Motion pages
Student resource book Forces and Motion
3.2.8.B1. Explain how inertia is a measure of an object’s mass. Explain how momentum is
Standards: related to the force
3.2.6.B1.
3.2.7.B1.
Acceleration (a)- change of velocity per unit of time; Air Resistance- force exerted by air
molecules on objects moving through air; Average Speed- theoretical constant speed at which
an object would have to travel in order to go a given distance in a given period of time. Total
distance divided by total time; Constant Speed- speed that does not vary over time; Data
Vocabulary: Table- two-dimensional system for recording data that shows correlations between the data
entries; Delta (∆)- fourth letter in the Greek alphabet; the symbol indicates change: final state
minus initial state; Dotcar- rolling car that records time and distance data as it moves. Data can
be recorded mechanically by making an ink dot on paper at regular intervals or electronically in
15
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
a microprocessor carried by the car; Force (F)- interaction between masses. A push or pull;
Inertia- property of mass that resists change of motion. Large masses have a lot of inertia;
Interval- amount, such as the time or distance between two markers. Standard intervals, like
seconds and meters, are used to measure time and distance. LED- short for light-emitting
diode, an electronic device that makes light using solid-state technology instead of a hot
filament. leg: A segment of a complex motion; a logical part of a trip; Equation- mathematical
statement showing relationships between quantifiable variables; Graph- two-coordinate system
for displaying and analyzing an independent variable (y); Speed (v)- distance traveled by an
object in a unit of time. Speed is reported in standard units of distance per unit time, such as
meters per second or kilometers per hour; Time- difference between then and now; often
quantified in standard intervals such as seconds and hours
Comments
16
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
Content: Representing Motion
Duration: February (1.5 weeks)
How do we model acceleration motion?
How do pushes (forces) affect motion? Balanced or unbalanced?
Essential How do forces affect motion?
Question: What is gravity (mass vs. weight)?
What relationships exist amongst force, weight and acceleration?
What is friction? How does it affect motion?
Skill:





Assessment: 


Identify the difference between an object’s initial and final positions is displacement.
Find and use constant speed and average speed yield straight lines on distance-versus-time
graphs.
Complex motion events can be analyzed into coherent segments called legs.
Use tools to gather and organize data.
Transform narrative accounts of motion events into graphic representations.
Generate motion scenarios from graphic representations of motion events.
Explain the difference between displacement and distance.
Explain what a horizontal line on a speed graph represents.
Student notebook pages Lab notebook pages
Resources: Text book Forces and Motion pages
Student resource book Forces and Motion
Standards: 3.2.6.B1.
3.2.7.B1.
3.2.8.B1.
Acceleration (a)- change of velocity per unit of time; Average Speed- theoretical constant
speed at which an object would have to travel in order to go a given distance in a given period
of time. Total distance divided by total time; Constant Speed- speed that does not vary over
time; Data Table- two-dimensional system for recording data that shows correlations
Vocabulary: between the data entries; Delta (∆)- fourth letter in the Greek alphabet; the symbol indicates
change: final state minus initial state; Equation- mathematical statement showing relationships
between quantifiable variables; Force (F)- interaction between masses. A push or pull;
Interval- amount, such as the time or distance between two markers. Standard intervals, like
seconds and meters, are used to measure time and distance. Graph- two-coordinate system for
17
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
displaying and analyzing an independent variable (y); Speed (v)- distance traveled by an object
in a unit of time. Speed is reported in standard units of distance per unit time, such as meters
per second or kilometers per hour; Time- difference between then and now; often quantified
in standard intervals such as seconds and hours
Comments
18
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
Content: Acceleration
Duration: February (2 weeks)
How can you show speed in different ways?
How do we model acceleration motion?
Essential
What information is given on a v-t graph?
Question: What does the slope of a v-t graph tells us?
What is the acceleration of gravity?

Skill:



Assessment:


Acceleration is change of velocity (Δv–) per unit time, measured in units of change of
position (Δx) per unit of time per unit of time.
Objects rolling down slopes accelerate; acceleration is greater on steeper slopes.
The mass of a rolling car has little effect on its acceleration.
Use tools (mechanical and electronic Dotcars) to collect time and distance data and
mathematics to organize and analyze the data.
Use equations to calculate acceleration, displacement, and velocity of rolling objects.
Identify and interpret graphs of accelerating motion and constant velocity.
Asset Science Kit: Forces and Motion
Student notebook pages Lab notebook pages
Resources: Text book Forces and Motion pages
Student resource book Forces and Motion
3.2.6.B2. Describe energy as a property of objects associated with heat, light, electricity,
magnetism, mechanical motion, and sound. Differentiate between potential and kinetic energy.
Standards: 3.2.7.B2. Describe how energy can be changed from one form to another (transformed) as it
moves through a system or transferred from one system to another system.
3.2.7.B1.
3.2.8.B1.
Acceleration (a)- change of velocity per unit of time; Average Speed- theoretical constant
speed at which an object would have to travel in order to go a given distance in a given period
of time. Total distance divided by total time; Constant Speed- speed that does not vary over
time; Data Table- two-dimensional system for recording data that shows correlations
between the data entries; Delta (∆)- fourth letter in the Greek alphabet; the symbol indicates
change: final state minus initial state; Equation- mathematical statement showing relationships
Vocabulary: between quantifiable variables; Force (F)- interaction between masses. A push or pull;
Interval- amount, such as the time or distance between two markers. Standard intervals, like
seconds and meters, are used to measure time and distance. Graph- two-coordinate system for
displaying and analyzing an independent variable (y); Speed (v)- distance traveled by an object
in a unit of time. Speed is reported in standard units of distance per unit time, such as meters
per second or kilometers per hour; Time- difference between then and now; often quantified
in standard intervals such as seconds and hours
Comments
19
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
Content: Force
Duration: February/March (1.5 weeks)
How do forces affect motion?
Essential
What relationships exist amongst force, weight and acceleration?
Question: How does tension exhibit equal and opposite forces?


Skill:



Assessment: 


Identify and use the fact that a force is a push or pull.
Identify a net force is the sum of all the forces acting on a mass.
Explain that a net force applied to a mass produces acceleration.
Identify that friction is a force that acts to resist movement.
Use tools (pushers, spring scales, and multimedia simulations) to apply force and investigate
friction and motion.
Analyze illustrations of forces in motion.
Use multimedia simulations to investigate force and motion.
Describe change of motion as a result of net force.
Student notebook pages Lab notebook pages
Resources: Text book Forces and Motion pages
Student resource book Forces and Motion
Standards: 3.2.7.B1.
3.2.8.B1.
3.2.6.B2.
3.2.7.B2.
Net Force- sum of all the forces acting on a mass; Newton (N)- unit used to measure force in
the metric system. Newton’s laws of motion: 1. Objects remain in uniform motion (at rest or
constant velocity) until acted on by a net force. 2. A net force exerted on an object results in
acceleration proportional to the strength of the force and inversely proportional to the mass of
Vocabulary: the object. 3. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction; Friction- force acting
between surfaces in contact. Friction acts to resist FOSS Force and Motion Course Glossary 2
motion; Slope- angle at which a surface or line is inclined. In graphs, slope is rise (∆y) over run
(∆x); Rate- mathematical relationship between two factors, such as the relationship between
distance and time in a motion event; Velocity (v)- change in position per unit of time: ∆x/∆t.
Comments
20
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
Content: Gravity
Duration: March (1.5 weeks)
Essential What is gravity (mass vs. weight)?
Question: Is gravity a force and how can prove it?

Skill:




Assessment:


Identify gravity is a force pulling masses toward each other; the strength of the force
depends on the objects’ masses.
Identify the force of gravity accelerates objects in free fall and objects rolling downhill.
Identify acceleration produced by the force of gravity is about 10 m/s2 toward Earth.
Determine the relationship between mass and the force of gravity, using spring scales.
Gather time and displacement data electronically to investigate the acceleration of gravity.
Explain gravity as a universal force.
Discuss Galileo’s discovery of acceleration due to gravity.
Student notebook pages Lab notebook pages
Resources: Text book Forces and Motion pages
Student resource book Forces and Motion
Standards: M3.2.7.B1.
3.2.8.B1.
3.2.6.B2.
3.2.7.B2.
Gravity (g)- force due to gravitational attraction between Earth and other masses; Impulseinteraction between masses; a force exerted for a period of time: F X ∆t; Interaction- action
between two (or more) objects that affects both objects; Mass (m)- measure of the quantity of
matter in an object; Theoretical- based on a mathematically determined or reasoned
Vocabulary: explanation of some natural phenomenon; Physicist- scientist who studies matter, energy,
force, and motion; Terminal Speed- maximum speed a particular object can obtain during
free fall through air; Momentum (p)- measure of the motion of an object in terms of its mass
and its velocity. The greater the mass and/or velocity, the greater the momentum.
Comments
21
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
Content: Momentum
Duration: April/May (2 weeks)
Does all matter have the same momentum?
What happens to the momentum of an object when interacts with other matter?
Essential
What does it mean when we say that momentum is conserved, and how does this apply to
Question: collisions?
How are Newton’s Laws connected to the concepts of momentum and impulse?

Skill:






Assessment: 



Inertia is the property of matter that tends to keep masses in uniform motion; it resists
change of motion.
Inertia is proportional to mass; large masses have a lot of inertia.
Momentum is inertia in motion; it is the product of an object’s velocity and mass.
Identify a net force applied to an object can change its momentum.
Identify an impulse is a force applied for a period of time.
Conduct simple investigations to demonstrate inertia of both stationary and moving
masses.
Use a force scale to determine the force needed to stop cars traveling at different speeds.
Use electronic Dotcar data to calculate velocity and momentum.
Explain how inertia and momentum affect passenger safety in car crashes.
Explain and apply the interplay of force and time (impulse) and momentum in crashes.
Create a working Rube Goldberg Machine.
Student notebook pages Lab notebook pages
Resources: Text book Forces and Motion pages
Student resource book Forces and Motion
Standards: M3.2.7.B1.
3.2.8.B1.
3.2.6.B2.
3.2.7.B2.
Acceleration (a)- change of velocity per unit of time; Average Speed- theoretical constant
speed at which an object would have to travel in order to go a given distance in a given period
of time. Total distance divided by total time; Constant Speed- speed that does not vary over
time; Data Table- two-dimensional system for recording data that shows correlations
between the data entries; Delta (∆)- fourth letter in the Greek alphabet; the symbol indicates
change: final state minus initial state; Equation- mathematical statement showing relationships
Vocabulary: between quantifiable variables; Force (F)- interaction between masses. A push or pull;
Interval- amount, such as the time or distance between two markers. Standard intervals, like
seconds and meters, are used to measure time and distance. Graph- two-coordinate system for
displaying and analyzing an independent variable (y); Speed (v)- distance traveled by an object
in a unit of time. Speed is reported in standard units of distance per unit time, such as meters
per second or kilometers per hour; Time- difference between then and now; often quantified
in standard intervals such as seconds and hours
Comments
22
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
Content: Electric and Magnets
Duration: May (2 weeks)
What are magnetic fields?
Essential What materials or objects can attract or repel a magnet?
Question: How is magnetism transformed to electricity?
How do circuits complete a pathway to produce light, heat or sound?


Skill:





Assessment:


Describe how electric current produces magnetic forces and how moving magnets produce
electric current
Describe how electric current produces magnetic forces and how moving magnets produce
electric current
Explain how electrical current is produced by the flow of electrons
Explain and demonstrate how electric current produces magnetic forces and how moving
magnets produce electric current.
Compare and contrast atomic properties of conductors and insulators.
During investigations students will describe how electric current produces magnetic forces
and how moving magnets produce electric current. Derive Ohm’s Law through
investigation of voltage, current, and resistance.
During a lab activity the students will explain how electrical current is produced by the flow
of electrons
Explain and demonstrate how electric current produces magnetic forces and how moving
magnets produce electric current
Given a set of activities the students will compare and contrast atomic properties of
conductors and insulators.
Student notebook pages Lab notebook pages
Resources: Text book Forces and Motion pages
Student resource book Forces and Motion
3.2.6.B4. Describe how electric current produces magnetic forces and how moving magnets
produce electric current. Derive Ohm’s Law through investigation of voltage, current, and
resistance.
3.2.7.B4. Explain how electrical current is produced by the flow of electrons. Explain and
demonstrate how electric current produces magnetic forces and how moving magnets produce
Standards: electric current.
3.2.8.B4. Compare and contrast atomic properties of conductors and insulators.
3.2.7.B5. Demonstrate that visible light is a mixture of many different colors. Explain the
construct of the electromagnetic spectrum. Describe how sound and light energy are
transmitted by waves
23
Science: Sixth Grade
2016 - 2017
Electromagnetic Wave- a transverse wave that transfers electrical and magnetic energy;
Electromagnetic Radiation- energy that is transferred through space by electromagnetic
waves; Polarized Light- light that passes through polarized filter; Photon- stream of tiny
Vocabulary: packets of light; Infrared Rays- are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths shorter than
those of radio waves; Gamma Rays-are electromagnetic waves with the shortest wave lengths
and highest frequencies
Comments
24