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Artificial Intelligence And Robotics
Abstract:
Greek myths of Hephaestus and
Pygmalion incorporate the idea of
intelligent robots. Many other myths
in antiquity involve human-like
artifacts. The word robot was first
coined by the playwright karel
chapek. A student in physics might
reasonably feel that all the good
ideas have already taken by Galileo,
Newton, Einstein etc., Artificial
Intelligence and Robotics still has
openings for several full times
Einstein’s. Robotics and Automation
involves designing and implementing
intelligent machines which can do
work too dirty, too dangerous, too
precise or too tedious for humans. It
also pushes the boundary on the
level of intelligence and capability
for many forms of autonomous,
semi-autonomous and teleoperated
machines. Intelligent machines have
applications in medicine, defense,
space and underwater exploration,
service industries, disaster relief,
manufacturing and assembly and
entertainment. This paper discusses
the features of Artificial Intelligence
and advancements in robotics also
predicting the near future in
robotics and automation along with
some low cost automation and
energy saving in agticulture.
1.0 Introduction:
Evidence of Artificial Intelligence
folklore can be traced back to ancient
Egypt, but with the development of the
electronic computer in 1941, the
technology finally became available to
create machine intelligence. The term
artificial intelligence was first coined
in 1956, at the Dartmouth conference.
In the scope of industrialization,
automation is a step beyond
mechanization. Engineers strive to
combine automated devices with
mathematical and organizational tools
to create complex systems for a rapidly
expanding range of applications and
human activities. Human-level pattern
recognition, language recognition, and
language production ability are well
beyond the capabilities of modern
mechanical and computer systems.
2.0 Robotics and AI
Human-level
pattern
recognition,
language recognition, and language
production ability are well beyond the
capabilities of modern mechanical and
computer
systems.
Artificial
Intelligence is the most important part
of Robotics and Automation. The
various algorithms of AI are very
useful for the functioning of the
Robots in Automation in a smart and
better
way.
A simple Robotic design
3.0 laws of robotics :
Asimov proposed three “Laws of
Robotics”
Law 1: A robot may not injure a
human being or through inaction,
allow a human being to come to harm
Law 2: A robot must obey orders given
to it by human beings, except where
such orders would conflict with a
higher order law
Law 3: A robot must protect its own
existence as long as such protection
does not conflict with a higher order
law
4.0 Types of Robots :
The various types of robots are:
Industrial, Domestic, Medical, Service,
Military, Entertainment, Stationary,
Ground,
Flying,
Swimming,
Microgravity, Degree of autonomy.
Mobile Robots, Rolling Robots,
Walking Robots Autonomous Robots,
Remote-control Robots Virtual Robots,
BEAM Robots.
5.0 Key components to make robots:
1) Power unit conversion: it is required
to convert one form of energy into
another form.
2) Sensors: these are nothing but
transducers used to sense various
signals and parameters.
3) Actuators: used for movement that
take automatic actions.
The simple robotic car with different
application
4) Controller: it controls the entire
working of robots.
5) User interface: to interface device
and users.
6) Manipulator linkage.
7) Base: provides a platform to
assemble all the above components
6.0 Robotics And Automation :
The robotics and automation plays a
very important role in various fields
and application in today’s world.
This is a robo arm used for
automation in industries.
7.0 Nano Robotics:
Nanorobotics is the technology of
creating machines or robots at or close
to the scale of a nanometre (10-9
metres). Imagine going to the doctor to
get treatment for a persistent fever.
Instead of giving you a pill or a shot,
the doctor refers you to a special
medical team which implants a tiny
robot into your bloodstream. The robot
detects the cause of your fever, travels
to the appropriate system and provides
a dose of medication directly to the
infected area.
The robot illustration that swims
into arteries and veins
Surprisingly, we're not that far off
from seeing devices like this actually
used in medical procedures. They're
called nanorobots and engineering
teams around the world are working to
design robots that will eventually be
used to treat everything from
hemophilia to cancer. As you can
imagine, the challenges facing
engineers are daunting. A viable
nanorobot has to be small and agile
enough to navigate through the human
circulatory system, an incredibly
complex network of veins and arteries.
The robot must also have the capacity
to carry medication or miniature tools.
Assuming the nanorobot isn't meant to
stay in the patient forever, it also has to
be able to make its way out of the host.
8.0 Low cost automation in
Agriculture
1) Irri tape: Irri-Tape iridescent foil
combines holography, wind and light
to irritate pest birds' senses and create
an "off limits" zone against them. IrriTape
iridescent
foil
combines
holography, wind and light to irritate
pest birds' senses and create an "off
limits" zone against them. I'ts a Visual
Deterrent Irri-Tape "flashes" as it
moves with the wind. Reflecting
sunlight, or any light, it produces
constantly changing colors and
patterns. This brilliant, flashing "ripple
effect" is picked up by the birds as an
unsettling danger signal. Whether seen
as a predator (from a distance Irri-Tape
has a reptilian sheen) or a rival for
food or space, birds will not ignore this
potential
menace.
Irri-Tape's properties keep unwanted
birds away in several ways. Hostile
Sound Environment Pest birds are
"rattled" by the fierce metallic noise
the material gives off when caught by
the slightest breeze.
2) Autonomous robot in agriculture :
The autonomous robot in farming
In autonomous robotic agriculture we
can use the latest technologies like GIS
and GPS systems. Along with these
technologies various sensors are
beneficial for low cost autonomous
agriculture. For example, use of piezo
electric sensors to generate electricity.
9.0 Robotics in exploration:
The autonomous robots in various
forms can be used for the purpose of
exploration beyond the human limits.
NASA’s Mars Exploration Rovers
Exploration under water
These autonomous robots can be in
various forms like insects, humanoid,
autonomous robotic vehicle, etc.
Robots can be used in environmental
hazards.
The autonomous robot fly.
The robots along with automation in
today’s life are a great beneficial for
industries
and
researches.
The
autonomous satellite helps to explore
various planets in the system. These
robots can perform an extraordinary
task beyond the human limit.
10.0 Conclusion:
Thus we conclude that in the near
future there will be a great success in
advancements
in
robotics
and
automation along with special features
and low cost with energy efficient
technology.
11.0 References :
1)http://www.robotics.utexas.edu/rrg/le
arn_more/history/
2)http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/
spotid=1730.php
3)http://www.vector1media.com/articl
es/features/7319-where-robotics-andagriculture-meet-autonomous-vehiclesfor-precision-farming
4) www.howstuffworks.com